2013年夏季华北乡村站点固城大气氨变化特征

利用2013年6—8月河北省定兴县固城站的NH₃连续高时间分辨率观测数据,分析了NH₃体积分数水平、变化特征和影响因素。结果表明:2013年夏季固城站NH₃小时平均体积分数变化范围为0.9×10-9~862.9×10-9,平均体积分数为43.9×10-9±65.9×10-9。观测期间PM_2.5中NH₄+平均质量浓度为 (19.77±33.24) μg·m-3。2013年夏季固城站NH₃和NH₄+质量浓度有较好的相关性,且浓度明显高于华北地区城市站点,说明由于农业施肥等活动导致固城站大气NH₃和NH₄+质量浓度水平显著提高。夏季NH₃体积分数有明显日变化且呈单峰特征。2013年夏季固城站硫氧化率和氨转化率较高,说明SO₂和NH₃转化为SO₄2-和NH₄+的速率较大。华北地区应加大对由农业活动造成的NH₃排放的控制力度,以降低区域二次气溶胶污染。     

云底高度的地基毫米波云雷达观测及其对比

对2014年11月20日—12月31日中国气象局大气探测综合试验基地Ka波段毫米波云雷达、Vaisala CL51激光云高仪、L波段高空探测系统观测的云底高度进行对比分析。结果表明:在低能见度条件下,毫米波云雷达对云的探测能力明显优于激光云高仪,随着能见度的增加,两设备云探测能力差距在减小;毫米波云雷达与激光云高仪同时观测到有云时,二者观测的云底高度相关系数为0.92;毫米波云雷达与探空观测云底、云顶高度的相关系数分别为0.93和0.78;云雷达观测的云底高度均略低于激光云高仪和探空,云雷达观测的云顶高度略高于探空。     

Molecular cloning,tissue expression of gene Muc2 in blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala and regulation after re-feeding

Mucins are important components of mucus,which form a natural,physical,biochemical and semipermeable mucosal layer on the epidermis of fish gills,skin,and the gastrointestinal tract. As the first step towards characterizing the function of Muc2,we cloned a partial Megalobrama amblycephala Muc2 cDNA of 2 175 bp,and analyzed its tissue-specific expression pattern by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR). The obtained sequence comprised 41 bp 5′-untranslated region(5′-UTR),2 134 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 711 amino acids. BLAST searching and phylogenetic analysis showed that the predicted protein contained several common secreted mucin-module domains(VWD-C8-TIL-VWD-C8) and had high homology with mucins from other vertebrates. Among four candidate reference genes(β- Actin,RPI13α,RPII,18S) for the qPCR,R PII was chosen as an appropriate reference gene because of its lowest variation in different tissues. M. amblycephala Muc2 was mainly expressed in the intestine,in the order(highest to lowest) middle-intestine fore-intestine hind-intestine. Muc2 was expressed relatively poorly in other organs(brain,liver,kidney,spleen,skin and gill). Furthermore,after 20-days of starvation,M. amblycephala Muc2 expressions after refeeding for 0h,3 h,16 h,3 d,and 10 d were significantly decreased in the three intestinal segments(P 0.05) at 16 h,and were then upregulated to near the initial level at 10 d.     

Sedimentary characteristics and depositional model of a Paleocene-Eocene salt lake in the Jiangling Depression,China

We studied the sedimentary characteristics of a Paleocene-Eocene salt lake in the Jiangling Depression through field core observation,thin section identification,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction analysis.On the basis of sedimentary characteristics we have summarized the petrological and mineralogical characteristics of the salt lake and proposed 9 types of grade IV salt rhythms.The deposition shows a desalting to salting order of halite-argillaceous-mudstone-mud dolostonemud anhydrock-glauberite-halite.The relationship among grade IV rhythms,water salinity and climate fluctuations was analyzed.Based on the analysis of the relationship between boron content and mudstone color and by combining the mineralogy and sedimentary environment characteristics,we propose that the early and late Paleocene Shashi Formation in the Jiangling Depression was a paleolacustrine depositional environment with a high salt content,which is a representation of the shallow water salt lake depositional model.The middle Paleocene Shashi Formation and the early Eocene Xingouzui Formation were salt and brackish sedimentary environments with low salt content in a deep paleolake,which represents a deep salt lake depositional model.     

基于超宽带雷达及支持向量机的灾后人体呼吸信号识别方法与试验研究

与常规雷达相比,超宽带雷达具有距离分辨力高、近距离盲区小、穿透性强、目标识别率高等特点,已被广泛应用于灾后搜寻、救援工作中,以对受困生命体征目标进行生命探测。为实现使用超宽带雷达对受困生命体征目标的识别定位,本研究提出基于信号多特征提取技术及支持向量机模型的人体呼吸信号识别方法。首先,使用经验模态分解、变分模态分解及希尔伯特变换提取雷达探测信号的微多普勒特征,使用傅里叶变换提取宏观频谱特征,使用相关分析获取相关性特征;然后,以提取的信号特征为输入,使用支持向量机模型对信号进行分类,进而对人体呼吸信号进行识别,对人体位置进行定位。不同障碍物场景下的试验结果表明,本方法可有效识别砖墙、建筑楼板等遮挡物下的受困生命体征目标,并提供其位置信息。     

活动断裂地震危险性的研究现状和展望

本文综述了活动断裂地震危险性研究的历史、发展现状、存在的问题及发展方向。在活动断裂地震危险性研究中,重点论述了在概率分析研究阶段地震复发模式、概率模型、断裂间相互作用以及最大震级的评估等问题,指出未来活动断裂地震危险性分析研究的主要发展方向是多学科资料和研究手段、动力环境分析和力学模型的引入。     

Fission Track Geochronology of Xiaonanchuan Pluton and the Morphotectonic Evolution of Eastern Kunlun since Late Miocene

Apatite fission track （AFT） thermochronology of seven samples from the Xiaonanchuan （小南川） pluton in the Kunlun （昆仑） pass area was carried out, for the purpose of determining the timing of cooling and the relation between the exhumation and the morphotectonic processes. The AFT ages yield low denudation rates of 0. 020--0. 035 mm/a during the late Miocene, which correspond to a stable geomorphic and weak tectonic uplifting environment. The low denudation rates can be considered as the approximate tectonic uplifting rates. The AFT geochronology shows puroxysmully rapid cooling since the Pliocene and an apparent material unroofing of more than 3 km in the Xiaonanchuan area. This was not the result of simple denudation. The rapid cooling was coupled with the intensive orogeny since the Pliocene, which was driven by tectonic uplifting. The accelerated relief building was accompanied by a series of faulting, which caused the basin and the valley formation and sinking. The space pattern of the AFT ages also shows differential uplifting, which decreases northwardly. This trend is supported by the regional AFT data, which indicate that the exhumation decreases northwardly in eastern Kunlun. This trend also exists in cast-west orientation from the western Kunlun range to the eastern. The uplif- ting trend is also supported by gcomorphic characteristics including the elevation and the relief differences well as the distribution of the Late Cenozoic volcanism.