云南墨江金矿床硅质岩的地质地球化学特征及其意义

墨江金矿床厂组中下段硅质岩具有典型的沉积构造，岩石富集∑Fe和As 、Sb、Bi、Ga等微量元素（相对于地壳克拉克值），而相对贫AI2O3；稀土元素以总量（∑REE）低，负铈异常为特征，与热水沉积的硅质岩特征相似。在判别硅质岩形成与作用的一系列主量和微量元素图解上，本区的硅质岩位于热水沉积作用范围，但四十八两山段硅质岩有趋近于正常化学沉积作用。利用硅质岩的氧同位素计算出它的形成温度为128－146℃。地质、地球化学特征表明本区硅质岩的形成与热水沉积作用有关，但四十八两山段硅质岩受到正常化学沉积作用的影响。、     

ENSO循环的数值模拟──Ⅰ:水平结构演变

利用发展的包含海洋表面边界展和大气辐合反馈过程的热带太平洋海气耦合距平模式，对ＥＮＳＯ循环进行了模拟。通过３０ａ积分，用合模式所展示的热带太平洋海气耦合系统的ＥＮＳＯ循环的水平结构演变特征和观测事实甚为一致，成功地模拟出了ＥＮＳＯ循环的冷暖态的发生发展、衰亡及相互转换等各个位相的动力和热力场的水平结构及其对季节循环的依赖性特征。本文数值模拟结果表明，ＥＮＳＯ循环的主要动力学过程可由热带海气相互作用系统自身所确定。ＥＮＳＯ循环的正确模拟是揭示其形成机制的前提。     

热带太平洋线性海气耦合系统的主模与ENSO

本文利用包含海洋表面边界层、线性海洋大气动力学以及完整的关于不均匀气候态线性化SST预报方程的热带太平洋海气耦合模式， 在真实的气候背景态和参数域内，研究了海气耦合系统的特征值问题，确定了线性耦合系统主模的特征周期及其稳定性特征，进而揭示了主模和ENSO的关系。结果表明:准两年振荡是线性海气耦合系统中的最不稳定模态，且只有该模态类似于ENSO水平结构。因此，准两年振荡很可能是海气耦合系统固有的最根本性的振荡过程。本文也对准两年振荡的形成与年循环的关系以及它在ENSO时间尺度形成中的作用进行了讨论。     

ENSO cycle in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model and its negative feedback mechanism

Summary A coupled ocean-atmosphere anomaly model has been developed for simulating ENSO cycle and its mechanism-study in this paper. After a long model run, the coupled model is successful in demonstrating ENSO-like irregular interannual variability and corresponding horizontal spatial structures. Based on the simulated results, the dynamics and the thermodynamics of the model ENSO cycle have been investigated, and in particular the negative feedback mechanisms that act to oppose instability of air-sea interaction, inducing termination of warm and cold events, have been examined. A detailed analysis of the oceanic wave dynamical properties and heat budget of the SST changes in a representative cycle suggest that the negative feedback mechanism to check the unstable growth of a warm event obviously differs from that of a cold event. The mechanism that induces decay and termination of a cold event is closely related to the negative, delayed feedback effect produced by the oceanic dynamical wave reflection at the western boundary. However, independent of the wave reflection effect, the negative feedback mechanism by which the coupled system returns from a warm event is associated with a slowly eastward-propagating coupling mode. Accompanied with the strong unstable development of the equatorial positive SST anomaly, the anomalous upwelling of cold water generated off the equator and the nonlinear anomalous meridional advection generated in the equator west of instability area jointly restrain the instability and finally plunge the system from a mature warm phase into a weak cold phase. A comparison between the results from the present model and the previous works is also discussed in this paper.With 16 Figures     

Asymmetric changes in maximum and minimum temperature in Beijing

Summary Based on observational data at Beijing since 1940, trends in daily maximum, mimimum and mean temperatures are studied. It is shown that the linear rate of increase in minimum temperature is 4.08 °C/100 yr; whereas the maximum temperature decreases with a linear rate of — 0.245 °C/100 yr. Consequently, the diurnal temperature range (DTR) becomes smaller.Warming in Beijing occurred mainly in the daytime in the 1940s; but in the night in the 1980s. Although the latter has been found in other studies, the former is a new discovery. The difference of temperature and the diurnal temperature range between urban and surburban areas in Beijing are also analysed. The results show that the urban heat island effect (UHIE) has been becoming larger, and during 1960–1989 the change in UHIE in summer is larger than that in winter. Since the warning trend does not match the change of UHIE in last two decades, it is thought that UHIE is not the main factor contributing to climatic warming.With 2 Figures     

频谱特性优良的高阶标定脉冲

通过理论分析研究和计算机搜寻得到几种频谱特性优良的高价标定脉冲波形，将其与我国台网广泛使用的阶跃脉冲相比较，可大幅度提高通带短周期段的标定精度，与国外使用的平衡二阶或三阶脉冲比较，具有响主尖波形特征，既可提高通带短周期段标定精度，又不降低通带长周期段精度，此外，具有生成较容易，技术难度适中，便于推广使用等特点。     

Effects of magnitude accuracy and complete－ness data on seismic hazard parameters

Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｍａｇｎｉｔｕｄｅａｃｃｕｒａｃｙａｎｄｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ┐ｎｅｓｄａｔａｏｎｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｈａｚａｒｄｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓＨＵＩ－ＣＨＥＮＧＳＨＡＯ（邵辉成），ＪＩＡ－ＳＨＵＸＩＥ（谢家树），ＰＩＮＧＷＡＮＧ（王平）ａｎｄＹＡ－Ｘ...     

大西洋海温异常对东亚夏季大气环流影响的数值试验

近年来人们对东亚夏季大气环流年际异常及其机制已经进行了不少研究,一般认为外强迫作用尤其是热带太平洋海温异常是大气异常产生的重要原因之一,相对而言,大西洋海温异常作用及其对东亚夏季大气环流和季风环流的影响没有得到足够的重视,Rowntree(1976)和Gamb等(1987)先后研究了大西洋海温异常对冬季北半球大气的影响,表明通过激发欧亚型(EU)波列完全可以引起冬季亚洲大气环流异常。本文目的主要是研究大西洋海温增暖对夏季东亚大气环流特别是季风环流的影响及其可能的机制。     

昆明市区地震震害的不均匀分布特点及其重复性

本文以澜沧耿马地震时昆明震害调查资料为基础,结合地震史料,研究了昆明市区震害的不均匀分布,烈度有两度的差别。相对高烈度区与历史强震破坏的重震害点大部分重合。据此分析了震害重复特点及其与地质构造和沉积盖层的关系。本文可用于研究昆明市区及邻区强震对市区可能造成震害的大致分布,为震害预测、防震抗震和城市规划提供一些依据。     

爆震观测及爆震效应的工程评价

本文介绍了有关爆破地震效应工程评价方法及其标准,汇报了观测仪器和得到的不同地区的经验传递系数,同时还介绍了部分振速及爆破地震烈度标准。