Up-to-date urban rainstorm intensity formulas considering spatial diversity in China

With accelerating urbanization in China, urban waterlogging has had a serious impact on urban sustainable development and citizen welfare. Simple urban rainstorm intensity formulas with a monotonous frequency distribution type cannot meet the practical needs of urban drainage planning and design. This study focuses on the development of urban rainstorm intensity formulas based on spatial diversity in China. Using the annual maximum sampling method, rainstorm data of 607 cities throughout China were collected into a database, with a total of 24,933 rainfall samples (annual observations) under various specified precipitation durations. The database was used to verify that integrating the Pearson III and Gumbel distributions would constitute an optimal theoretical distribution type, owing to its small error and increased fitting precision. Modification and coordination of four important parameters in the rainstorm intensity formula were done using a digital elevation model, which improved the accuracy of the formula. In addition, precipitation distributions in China were treated from the perspective of topographic features to validate the calculations from up-to-date formulas. Accuracy assessment was accomplished using a national code (GB-50014-2006), GIS-based isograms, and authoritative results from the Hydrological Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources. This work provides a comprehensive foundation for the establishment of an up-to-date rainstorm intensity formula for China, which can be used widely in different cities.     

CWRF模式在中国夏季极端降水模拟的误差订正

利用1980—2015年6—8月我国逐日降水观测数据评估CWRF模式（Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting model）多种参数化方案对我国夏季日降水的模拟能力,并考察累积概率变换偏差订正法（CDFt）的订正效果。通过将广义帕累托分布（GPD）引入到偏差订正模型中,提出针对极端降水的累积概率变换偏差订正法（XCDFt）,检验和评估其对极端降水订正的适用性。结果显示:CWRF模式微物理过程选用Morrison-aerosol参数化方案组合对我国降水场的模拟较好,CDFt订正效果良好;XCDFt偏差订正模型能够较好地提取模式建模与验证时期变化信号,订正后相比订正前与观测极端降水的概率分布更为接近;经过XCDFt订正后华南、华中和华北地区20年一遇的极端降水重现水平较模拟值更接近观测值,可为CWRF模式提高极端降水的业务预测水平提供参考。     

在SeisDps实时系统中用零点、极点计算ML的过程

在SeisDps地震处理软件的实时系统中,不是用系统的幅频特性计算震级ML,而是利用台站的零点、极点和增益,将记录的数字地震波形仿真成伍德-安德森地震仪记录的波形,计算具有3 大优点的ML震级,本文主要介绍用零点、极点和增益计算ML的过程。     

The sulfurization recorded in tridymite in the monomict eucrite Northwest Africa 11591

Some of the tridymite in the monomict Northwest Africa (NWA) 11591 eucrite are found to have sulfide‐rich replacement textures (SRTs) to varying degrees. The SRTs of tridymite in NWA 11591 are characterized by the distribution of loose porous regions with aggregates of quartz and minor troilite grains along the rims and fractures of the tridymite, and we propose a new mechanism for the origin of this texture. According to the volume and density conversion relationship, the quartz in the SRT of tridymite with a hackle fracture pattern was transformed from tridymite. We suggest that the primary tridymite grains are affected by the S‐rich vapors along the rims and fractures, leading to the transformation of tridymite into quartz. In addition, the S‐rich vapors reacted with Fe²⁺, which was transported from the relict tridymite and/or the adjacent Fe‐rich minerals, and/or the S‐rich vapors react with the exotic metallic Fe to form troilite grains. The sulfurization in NWA 11591 most likely occurred during the prolonged subsolidus thermal metamorphism in the shallow crust of Vesta and might be an open, relatively high temperature (>800 °C) process. Sulfur would be an important component of the metasomatic fluid on Vesta.     

长江三角洲气象数据实时共享技术研究与实现

通过基于数据超市理念的气象数据实时共享技术研究,首次建成上海、浙江、江苏、安徽三省一市间互联互通的长江三角洲(长三角)气象数据实时共享平台。该平台设计并使用标准规范体系,建立基于分布式的数据管理模式,采用多层系统架构,实现物理上分布、逻辑上统一的长三角区域气象数据资源组织与共享。能有效支持短临天气预报对实时数据的高时效要求,支持灾害性天气移动观测、加密观测业务的数据共享,提高气象数据实时共享效率,降低数据更新分发的难度。     

河南省人工增雨飞机云微物理探测设计

人工增雨是一项研究型业务,飞机外场作业、探测是它的重点,只有根据一定目的方案设计下才能体现探测、作业资料的研究价值。根据河南省人工增雨作业、探测分析研究的需要并结合行业专项飞机探测,探讨了5种云微物理探测目的及相应飞机探测设计:1典型锋面云系垂直剖面结构探测;2降水性层状云垂直结构探测;3人工增雨催化作业效果检验飞行探测;4云中过冷水探测;5催化剂在云中的扩散及其物理响应的探测。以2013年3月25日飞机人工增雨探测为例,探讨了飞行探测人工增雨的催化作业效果检验。     

椭球谐和球谐系数之间一个简单的转换关系

本文推导的椭球谐系数和球谐系数相互之间转换关系的核心思想是在ε~2量级下利用Legendre函数的正交性,从球谐系数求解的积分表示出发,将积分中的椭球坐标变量与球坐标变量相互转换,从而得出椭球谐系数与球谐系数之间的转换关系。本文导出的转换关系有以下优点:①对于第二类Legendre函数的计算采用Laurent级数表示,使计算第二类Legendre函数更为简单;②保留了ε~2量级下,导出的转换关系相比文献[2]的形式更简单,满足物理大地测量边值问题线性化的要求;③顾及了余纬和归化余纬的区别。     

黄河下游沿岸农业景观中蜘蛛对非农生境的响应（英文）

Non-crop habitats have been suggested to impact local biodiversity significantly in agricultural landscapes. However, there have been few studies of the effects of less-focused non-crop habitats(orchard, wetland, pit and ditch) on variation of spider abundance. In this study, spiders in 30 woodlands were captured using pitfall traps in Fengqiu County, China, and the effects of local and landscape variations at different scales(50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 350 m and 500 m) on spider abundance were analysed. The most important variation that influenced spider abundance at the 500 m scale was the less-focused non-crop habitat(LNH) cover, and 10% was an appropriate proportion of LNH cover to sustain high level of spider diversity in the investigated landscape. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses revealed that there were significant differences in the spider composition among the high, medium and low LNH coverage. Based on indicator species analysis, different spider species were associated with landscapes with different levels of LNH cover. Lycosidae, which accounted for 48% of the total specimens, preferred woodland habitats neighbouring areas with high LNH cover. Compared with woodland habitats, LNH provided more diverse food sources and habitat to sustain more spider species in the study area. Furthermore, linear elements composed of vegetation, such as pits and ditches, may prevent agricultural intensification by enhancing landscape connectivity and providing habitats for different spiders. Our findings may provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation in agro-ecosystems and top-down control of pests.     

Preface to the special issue “Tectonics and depositional infilling of western Pacific marginal sea”

Marine Geophysical Research -     

Benthic foraminiferal fauna and sediment provenance of Eocene syn-rift sequences in Taiwan: implication for onset of Asian epi-continental marginal seas off China coast

Marine Geophysical Research - Early Cenozoic rift basins developed commonly on the Mesozoic basement along the SE Asia Continent. However, Eocene–Oligocene sequences were only exposed widely...