2011年1月安徽安庆M_S4.8地震震源区三维速度结构与发震构造讨论

2011年1月19日安徽安庆发生Ms4.8地震,本次地震发生在下扬子地块长江沿线前陆变形带.震后现场工作队调查汇总了建筑物破坏情况,计算得出较为精确的烈度分布.采用FOCMEC方法计算了主震震源机制解,并利用安徽地震台网对本次地震主余震的定位结果,结合地震层析成像技术对震源区地壳三维速度结构的成像结果进行分析,同时参考烈度分布的椭圆长轴优势方向,得出NE向的宿松-枞阳断裂可能是本次地震的发震断层的结论.     

郯庐断裂带赤山段中晚更新世之交的史前地震遗迹

Chishan is located in Sixian County of Anhui Province, and the west branch fault of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone passes through here. According to previous research, the Chishan segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone has been obviously active since the Quaternary. Trenches excavated perpendicular to the Chishan segment for this study have revealed many prehistoric earthquake ruins-the multi-phase reverse faulting colluvial wedge, which is represented as the western brick-red sandstone of the late Cretaceous or maize gravel stratum of the mid Pleistocene of the hanging wall of the fault overlapping eastward the mid-late Pleistocene brown clay. In the base of the wedges, steep NW-dipping faults were found, and the steep fault planes turned upward to gently dipping collapse planes. As revealed by the trenches, the connection line of the breaking points strikes NNE in general. Heaving landforms are preserved at most parts of the tailing edge of the hanging wall where the fault passes through, and some EW-trending gullies were offset by right-lateral faulting. The two walls of several trenches have consistently shown that the collapse of traces have been pushed by a west-to-east force. Among them, Tc1~Tc4 show that the brick red limestone(K2)overthrust and collapsed on the yellow-brown clay containing ferro-manganese nodules (Q2-3P); Tc5 reveals that the yellowish-white gravel (Q2P) and the sandstone (K2) and overthrust and collapsed on the aforementioned clay. Reverse faulting colluvial wedges are found on both walls of each of the 8 trenches, but the number of wedges revealed in different trenches is different: there is 1 wedge, and 2 wedges in Tc1 and Tc3. 3 wedges in Tc2, Tc4 and Tc5, and in individual trenches, few wedges are revealed. This may be related to the trench’s location, depth and height of the remaining denudation. From the analysis of the trenches and the thermoluminescence dating results, we can preliminarily conclude that multiple large-scale reverse faulting stick events have taken place on the Chishan segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone during the mid-late Pleistocene, that is to say, many pre-historic strong earthquakes have occurred.     

大华北地区1900年以来Ms≥6．0地震的空间分布及迁移特征研究

着重对大华北地区1900年以来Ms≥6．0地震空间分布图像进行分析研究,探讨其空间迁移特征。经研究发现,大华北地区强震活动在空间分布上大体可分为两大区域。1906～1976年地震活动主要分布在大华北中部的主体地区,且强震活动具有成带性由南向北迁移,活动范围逐渐缩小,活动强度逐渐增强的特征,最终以1976年唐山大地震为标志,结束了主体地区的强震活动。1976年以后地震活动则转移到大华北西北、东南两个边缘地区,强震活动明显减弱。这一规律性现象的发现,对于分析该地区今后地震活动有着一定的参考意义,亦为研究强震迁移规律提供了新的认识。     

中国制定企业温室气体核算指南的对策建议

在总结国内外企业层面温室气体核算指南的现状和发展趋势的基础上,指出了确定正确的核算边界、选取合适的排放核算范围以及选择准确的排放活动水平和排放因子数据,是中国编制企业温室气体核算指南面临的关键问题,并提出了完善中国企业层面温室气体核算体系的对策建议：一是完善中国企业温室气体排放管理的相关制度安排;二是现阶段选择企业作为核算边界,建立并完善重点企业和设施的温室气体直报系统;三是将外购电力和热力消费引起的间接排放也纳入核算体系中,并根据行业具体情况及未来发展趋势确定所包括的温室气体种类;四是完善数据计量及收集工作,加强统计工作能力建设;五是统一排放因子的选择规则,逐步建立中国的排放因子数据库;六是建议设定企业温室气体报告门槛。     

山东部分考古遗址中构造变形现象初探

对山东省几个考古发掘遗址进行了地震考古研究,着重对其中的自然变形现象进行识别和分析。其中,在济南郊区的大辛庄商代遗址中甄别出非构造变形的现象;在章丘城子崖龙山文化层中识别出砂脉充填裂隙;在滨州秦皇台商周文化层中发现槽壁上砂脉和槽底密集分布的砂管;在临淄齐国故城城墙分别鉴别出构造和非构造成因裂隙;在日照尧王城见龙山-战汉时期文化层中平行分布的砂脉裂隙组;在滕州薛国故城城墙识别出典型共轭剪切裂隙。上述自然变形现象集中显现于春秋-战汉期及以前的文化层中,且多表现为砂脉等地震液化痕迹,显示相当时期所在地区可能处于地震相对活跃期,上述推断部分得到微观分析资料证实。     

内蒙古扎鲁特旗白音高老组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古扎鲁特旗地区发育的白音高老组,其岩性主要为一套酸性火山岩组成。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示白音高老组火山岩的年龄为127 Ma±1.2 Ma(MSWD=0.80)。为早白垩世。岩石地球化学数据表明:白音高老组火山岩具有高硅富碱(wSiO2平均为75.84%,wNa2O+K2O平均为8.63%)、贫镁(0.05%~0.12%)、贫钙(0.18%~0.28%)的特征。相对富集元素Rb,Th和U;亏损元素Sr,Ti,P。稀土总量(ΣREE)偏低(ΣREE介于125.10×10-6~158.20×10-6之间)。(La/Sm)N介于3.15~5.20之间,轻稀土元素分馏较为明显;具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu平均值0.40);稀土元素分配模式为右倾型。研究显示,该地区火山岩具有A型花岗岩的特征,其形成机制由下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融,与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的演化有关,形成于造山后的伸展环境。     

Evidence of Middle Pleistocene hominin migration in the Qinling Mountains (central China) from the Miaokou Paleolithic site

The Qinling Mountain Range (QMR) spans a large region in China and is an im-portant area of hominin activities.Many Paleolithic sites are found in Bahe,South Luohe,and Hanjiang river valleys in the northern,eastern,and southern part of the range,respectively.The Danjiang River valley acts as a channel connecting these valleys and stretches from the north to the south of the QMR.The previous dating of the Paleolithic sites in the Danjiang valley mainly relied on geomorphologic comparison,stratigraphic correlation,fossil charac-teristics,and Paleolithic artifacts,indicating a lack of absolute data.In this study,we con-ducted a detailed geochronological investigation of the entire valley,and selected an ideal site--the Miaokou profile.Based on the identification of the Ioess-paleosol sequences,opti-cally stimulated luminescence,and magnetostratigraphy,the Paleolithic artifacts of the Mi-aokou site located within the S5 and S6 layers of the profile belong to ～0.6-0.7 Ma.This suggests that the Paleolithic site is an old site in the Danjiang River valley,and this period also witnessed a rapid increase in the number of hominin sites during the Middle Pleistocene.Combining our results with previous reports across the QMR,we propose that the Danjiang River valley might have been a corridor for hominin migration,and is worthy of further inves-tigation.     

侵蚀环境中碱渣-矿渣固化淤泥的力学性质

为扩展碱渣和矿渣等工业固体废弃物的资源化利用途径,以碱渣和矿渣为固化剂对淤泥进行固化处理,开展侵蚀环境条件下固化淤泥试样的表观和无侧限抗压强度等性质试验研究,探讨侵蚀溶液对固化淤泥的作用机理。研究表明,自来水和30 g/L的NaCl溶液浸泡时,标准养护28 d的固化土表面完整性较好,试样密度随浸泡时间的增加而增大;15 g/L的MgSO4溶液和NaCl-MgSO4混合溶液浸泡时,固化土表面受到明显侵蚀,随着浸泡时间的增加,侵蚀程度逐渐加深,试样体积、质量和密度呈减小趋势。当浸泡时间从28 d增至42 d时,自来水浸泡试样的无侧限抗压强度增大,溶液浸泡试样的无侧限抗压强度基本保持不变;浸泡导致试样的延性增强,抵抗变形的能力减弱。在浸泡时间相同的条件下,MgSO4和NaCl-MgSO4混合溶液浸泡时固化土强度约为自来水和NaCl溶液浸泡时强度的一半,抵抗变形的能力也较弱。钙矾石、水化氯铝酸钙等水化产物的形成使碱渣-矿渣固化淤泥抗NaCl侵蚀能力强,但由于侵蚀作用形成微观裂隙及疏松结构导致其抗MgSO4侵蚀能力较弱。     

基于BD930板卡的RTK测量系统研制

针对物探测量作业中经常会遇到密林、峡谷、窄沟等遮挡严重的不良环境,导致可视卫星数减少、卫星信号不稳定,进而造成定位结果精度下降、作业效率降低等问题。本文提出了使用多系统兼容的高灵敏度BD930板卡作为接收机主板,给出了板卡的控制方法。研制出了一款实时动态定位手簿软件,并且利用网络通信技术搭建了差分数据链,多次在实际物探测量作业环境下对整个测量系统的性能进行了测试。结果表明,该系统在一定程度上提高了RTK适应困难环境的能力,所搭建的差分数据链使测量作业更加便捷、高效,能够满足工程应用的需要。     

西天山晚石炭世岩浆混合花岗岩的确定及其地质意义——来自玉奇布拉克和乌图精河岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学证据

西天山博罗科努地区的玉奇布拉克和乌图精河岩体中发育大量暗色闪长质包体,包体发育矿物相互包裹的嵌晶及岩浆冷凝矿物不平衡结构,同时出现淬冷形成的针状磷灰石,指示岩体形成过程经历了二元岩浆的混合作用。包体较寄主花岗岩有明显低的SiO_2、K_2O,高CaO、FeO~T和MgO,但二者的微量元素高度一致,相对富集Rb、Th、U、K等LILE,贫HFSE,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P和Ti等元素,为二元岩浆混合作用所致。经LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,两个岩体寄主花岗岩和包体分别获得301 Ma、308 Ma和303 Ma、298 Ma的形成年龄,指示同期不同源岩浆活动并存。寄主花岗岩的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为+4.20~+8.33和+4.97~+7.0;Hf陆壳模式年龄T C_(DM)为782~1045 Ma和863~998 Ma,揭示它们主要源自新元古代早期陆壳物质。包体的εHf(t)值分别为+2.75~+6.41和+4.63~+7.92,与区域上同期基性岩脉正的εHf(t)和εNd(t)值相当。结合区域上同期花岗岩类高ε_(Hf)(t)和ε_(Nd)(t)、中等n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)推断,该期花岗岩是新元古代早期陆壳物质部分熔融的岩浆与被消减带组分改造的略亏损岩石圈地幔岩浆混合作用的结果,并构成由晚石炭世高钾钙碱性花岗岩向早二叠世富钾花岗岩/或A型花岗岩转换的岩浆演化系列,表明晚石炭世—早二叠世期间西天山造山带转入后碰撞晚期向伸展转化的构造环境。陆壳伸展导致幔源基性岩浆上侵,诱发陆壳部分熔融产生壳源岩浆,二者混合形成晚古生代以来西天山最为广泛的花岗岩浆活动,成为区内一次重要的地壳垂向增生事件。