三峡工程蓄水后长江中游城陵矶—汉口河段过流能力变化及影响因素分析

受上游水库运行的影响,自2003年后长江中游河段河床调整,引起河道自身过流能力的变化.本文选取长江中游城陵矶—汉口河段作为研究对象,根据实测资料计算了 2003-2016年两个水文断面的水位—流量关系及特征流量变化,并采用一维水动力学模型计算了河段尺度的平滩流量.结果表明:(1)螺山站及汉口站2003-2016年的水位...     

蒙新高原岱海夏季叶绿素a浓度空间分布及影响因子

基于2019年夏季(8月)对岱海水样的实测数据分析,通过运用克里金插值、相关性分析、多元线性逐步回归、主成分分析方法,探究了叶绿素a(Chl.a)的空间分布特征及其与水环境因子的相关关系,并讨论了相应的防治措施。研究显示:Chl.a空间分布呈现由岸边向湖心递减的趋势,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、硝态氮(NO^-₃-N)、正磷酸盐(PO^3-₄-P)空间分布特征与Chl.a空间分布特征相近,采样期内岱海湖局部区域水质状况已达到富营养状态;Chl.a与浊度(Turbidity)、TP、TN、悬浮物(SS)、pH、NO^-₃-N、NH₃-N、PO^3-₄-P、蓝绿藻丰度(CYANO)呈极显著正相关,与溶解氧(DO)呈显著负相关,与电导率(Cond.)呈正相关、与氮磷比(TN/TP)呈负相关;各湖区Chl.a与环境因子相关关系不同,全湖逐步线性回归方程为Y_Chl.a=-21.42+8.658X_pH-0.865X_DO+0.779X_NH3-N+0.699X_Turbidity+0.502X_CYANO;岱海不同湖区因子对Chl.a浓度的影响存在差异,各湖区Chl.a与环境因子相关关系不同,通过岱海与我国其他湖泊Chl.a与环境因子的相关性关系对比分析,湖泊地理属性差异及营养物质输入浓度是影响Chl.a变化的重要因素;本研究岱海的TN/TP平均值为12.23,说明夏季岱海湖Chl.a变化为氮磷共同限制。     

水--煤层气两相流体在煤层中的渗流规律

采用煤体承受有效应力、水-气混合流动及固一流相互作用的基本原理，建立了煤层气开采过程中水-煤层气两相流渗的基本方程，通过自行设计的实验装置，测定了煤层中水-煤层气共同流动时的两相流体的流量，渗透率及随水的饱和度变化关系，并据此模拟出了反映水-煤层气渗透基本规律，从而为煤层气开采提供了理论基础。     

波兰郁金香在中国的气候适生地研究

通过对波兰郁金香的水、热条件与中国大陆所有站点进行气候滑移相似分析表明,波兰郁金香在中国最适宜引种的范围很大,气候相似的大部分地方集中在３ 个地区：一是３４ ～３９°Ｎ、１０２～１１４°Ｅ的倒梯形区域;二是３５ ～４２°Ｎ、１１５ ～１２５°Ｅ的倒三角形区;三是西藏的部分地区。     

西太平洋赤道海域的热量平衡

本文利用1986年11月中国科学院实验3号考察船在西太平洋赤道海域(0°～5°N,130°～150°E)考察所获得的29天辐射资料和同期取得的温、压、湿、风和探空等资料,计算了这一海域11月份的热量平衡各量值和整层气柱的加热量。结果表明:该海域是一个强热源区,其上空大气也是一个强热源区。     

A new method of cluster analysis for numerical classification of climate

Summary In this paper, a new method of cluster analysis incorporating a statistical test, was proposed in order to decide whether to accept or reject the assumption of a numerical classification of climate according to a ² test. On the basis of normality of errors, the ² test has been derived from the variance of the Euclidean distance or from that of the reduced distance.This new method of cluster analysis consists of uniform clustering and central clustering. The former is adapted to a more detailed numerical classification of climate, while the latter is appropriate for the large-scale numerical classification of climate. Examples of calculation and application of this new method of cluster analysis are presented in order to illustrate calculations undertaken in the processes of climate classification.     

Comparison of surface variables from ERA and NCEP reanalysis with station data over eastern China

This study compared precipitation, mean air temperature (MAT) and mean sea level pressure (MSLP) from two widely used reanalysis datasets (ERA-40 and NCEP) with those from observed stations across eastern China. The evaluation was based on a comparison of both temporal and spatial variability and included several assessment criteria such as the mean values, normalized root mean square error, Mann–Kendall test, empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and probability density functions. The results showed that both the ERA-40 and NCEP datasets could capture temporal and spatial variability of the observed precipitation, MAT and MSLP over eastern China. The results showed that the two reanalysis datasets performed better for MAT and MSLP than for precipitation. Overall, the two reanalysis datasets revealed reasonable agreement with observations according to the evaluation. ERA-40 was better at capturing the temporal and spatial distributions for these three variables than NCEP, especially for MAT and MSLP. NCEP tended to overestimate the annual precipitation for both mean and extreme values, while ERA-40 tended to underestimate it, particularly for extreme values. The two reanalysis datasets performed better in the east and northeast regions of the study area than in other regions for capturing the temporal variability of MAT and MSLP. ERA-40 was poor at capturing the temporal variability of precipitation in northeastern China. According to the trend analysis, the two reanalysis datasets showed lower trends for MAT and precipitation and higher trends for MSLP. Both ERA-40 and NCEP had larger explained variances for the first two EOFs than the observed precipitation. This implies that both reanalysis datasets tend to simulate a more uniform spatial distribution for precipitation in the study area.     

人工增雨技术研究及示范

国家重点科技攻关项目“人工增雨技术研究及示范’’经过两年的攻关，在人工增雨综合探测、云水资源评估、催化作业、数值模拟、效果检验技术和外场示范试验等方面取得了一系列成果和应用效益，基本形成了一套人工增雨综合技术。2003年12月13日顺利通过科技部组织的专家验收。课题研究成果通过在示范区的检验、试用和完善，显示出具有业务应用和推广前景。课题主要成果为：     

Middle Devonian-Tournaisian rocks and biota on Hainan Island, South China

On the basis of new paleontological data,the sequence and distributions of the Middle Devonian-Tournaisian rocks on Hainan Island have been sorted out for the first time.The Devonian rocks include the Middle Devonian Jinbo Formation and the Upper Devonian Changjiang Formation,which are distributed in northwestern Hainan Island.The Jinbo Formation is represented by631 m of littoral facies deposits,and was intruded by the Yanshanian granite in the base.The presence of chitinozoans Eisenackitina caster,Funsochitina pilosa,and Lagenochitina amottensis indicates the Givetian in age.The Changjiang Formation is made up of 140 m of neritic facies rocks,and contains the Famennian conodonts Palmatolepis gracilis sigmoidalis,Polygnathus germanus,and corals Cystophrentis kalaohoensis.The Devonian-Tournaisian transition beds,the lower part of the Jishi Formation,are composed of 61–129 m sandstone and siltstone,with gastropods Euomphalus spp.and brachiopods,and marked by conglomerate with the underlying Devonian rocks.The middle-upper part of the Tournaisian Jishi Formation consists of 100–251 m clastic and carbonate rocks,containing abundant corals Pseudoularinia irregularis,conodonts Siphonodella isosticha,trilobites Weberiphillipsia linguiformis,and brachiopods.On the basis of the occurrence of Xinanosprifer flabellum and Homotoma sp.,the Nanhao Formation in southern Hainan Island is now regarded as the Lower Silurian,instead of the previously designated Lower Carboniferous.It is confirmed that no Carboniferous rocks occurred in the area south to the Gancheng-Wanning Fault.     

新时期防震减灾宣传教育工作的新思想

对当前防震减灾宣传教育工作的现状进行了分析,针对其存在的问题,提出了防震减灾宣教工作的新思想：把防震减灾宣传教育工作纳入到国家国民教育体系,针对不同的施教对象,有计划、有目的的制定教育计划、编写系列教学读本,通过系统教育,提高国民的防震减灾意识和防灾避险能力,达到最大限度减轻地震灾害的目的。