非常规气象资料上行传输实时监控系统

为了提高通信业务的自动化程度,提高气象报文的上传及时率,开发研制了非常规气象资料上行传输实时监控系统,实现了对各种非常规气象资料上行传输的实时监控、查询、告警等功能。主要介绍了非常规气象资料上行传输实时监控系统的平台概况、功能及其实现方法、开发技巧。     

四川盆地西缘中新生代地层区划及盆山演化

四川盆地西缘分为龙门山分区和四川盆地分区。已有的地层区划方案均对两大分区采用一条绝然的界限,忽略了盆地西缘原地地层系统与外来地层系统之间不同的沉积环境及构造演化模式。认为在两个分区之间并没有绝然的界线,而是以组成龙门山的三个主要推覆体东缘的断裂为主要界线,但将该界线以东中小飞来峰地层系统归属于龙门山分区,而将介于该界线与中小飞来峰之间的由于飞来峰与主体脱离而暴露的原地地层系统归属于四川盆地分区。龙门山分区可进一步划分为三个小区,分别包含一个大型推覆体及若干中小推覆体或飞来峰,反映了龙门山各段不同的隆升时间及沉积特征。将四川盆地分区进一步划分为西南小区和西北小区,主要以上白垩统及其以上地层是否发育相区别。     

Magnesian andesites in north Xinjiang,China

Middle Devonian magnesian andesites (MAs) are widely distributed in south Altay and Carboniferous MAs are present in Alataoshan and west- and east-Tianshan in the north Xinjiang region. These MAs are andesitic rocks with 53–65% SiO₂,<1% (0.21–1.08%; average of 0.72%) TiO₂, and ≥50 Mg^#. Magnesian dacites and diorites, with 52.38–66.91% SiO₂, <0.30% TiO₂ and ≥42 Mg^# commonly occur with these MAs. Relative to boninites, MAs have lower MgO contents (average 6.39%) but higher Ti, K and Na. They have characteristic flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns with weak to no Eu anomalies (Eu depletion, or Eu/Eu* = 0.65–1.15), low (La/Yb)_N (0.98–6.4, mostly 4±) and low total REE contents (15–95 ppm). They also have high contents of compatible elements Cr and Ni (72–790 and 29–276 ppm, respectively). Their relative depletion in high field strength elements Nb, Ta and Ti, and relative enrichment in mobile large-ion lithophile elements Rb, K and Pb are evident on primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams. If magnesian andesites are melts coming from the subducted oceanic crust, as proposed elsewhere, then the relatively high Y contents (>15 ppm), low Sr/Y ratios (4.4–6.2), low (La/Yb)N, and high Mg^# of the MAs in north Xinjiang provide evidence of interaction of such melts with mantle wedge peridotite. New petrographic, chemical and isotopic [(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)I = 0.51221–0.51255 (εNd(t) +0.28 to +7.2); (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)I = 0.7029–0.7065] data suggest that the petrogenesis of the MAs in the north Xinjiang region may have involved: (1) multiple source materials including subducted oceanic slab, juvenile crustal materials (mainly volcanic-volcanoclassic rocks with low maturity and clear mantle geochemical signatures) coming from the forearc accretionary prism and mantle wedge peridotite; (2) a combination of different petrogenetic processes including partial melting of subducted oceanic slab and juvenile crustal materials, followed by interaction of slab melts with the mantle wedge peridotite; (3) high geothermal gradient creating a high temperature (>1,000°C) environment in a volatile-rich source region; (4) unique tectonic settings including oblique subduction, slab break off resulting in slab window formation and asthenosphere upwelling, and subduction erosion resulting in transfer of forearc accretionary materials into the source region of MA magma.     

富CO_2流体与砂岩储层水-岩反应实验研究与应用:以黄桥油气藏龙潭组砂岩为例

黄桥油气田是CO_2和油气共存的一个特殊油气田,不同井的原油和CO_2产量差异很大,且与之相关的储层差异也非常明显,富CO_2流体对储层的改造作用十分显著。基于以上背景,通过密闭容器中CO_2-地层水-砂岩体系相互作用实验,模拟地层埋深介于1500~4000 m的环境条件下(温度:60~120℃、压力:10~40 MPa),富CO_2流体对砂岩储层的溶蚀作用。实验结果表明:富CO_2流体对砂岩具有显著的溶蚀作用,溶蚀矿物主要是碳酸盐矿物,72 h即可达到平衡,平衡后的溶液中Ca离子浓度比其他离子高出两个数量级。碳酸盐矿物溶解强度与温度负相关,与压力正相关。综合来看,压力是决定性元素,它控制着CO_2在溶液中的溶解度,特别是在较高温度下,压力的溶蚀效应更为显著。长石类矿物也发生一定的溶蚀现象,但是很微弱(本次实验中尚未达到平衡)。结合该区地质背景,认为CO_2主要来自深部(幔源),受深大断裂控制,沿着断裂进入龙潭组砂岩储层,其上被巨厚的细粒碎屑岩覆盖,构成了相对封闭的高温高压流体作用系统,靠近断裂带部位,流体作用强,储层溶蚀改造显著,次生孔隙发育(如溪3井),离开断裂的部位,流体作用减弱,储层发育较差(如溪2井)。因此,断裂控制下的富CO_2流体作用模式,是控制龙潭组砂岩储集性能的主要机制。     

PSO-LIBSVM在钾盐矿层识别中的应用研究

钾盐的紧缺严重制约了中国农业的发展,加大钾盐的勘探开发力度有助于提高我国钾盐的自给自足能力。四川盆地钾盐资源丰富,是我国目前重要的钾盐勘探开发研究区域之一。杂卤石作为四川盆地最重要的固态钾盐矿物,常夹杂在硬石膏、岩盐和白云岩等岩层中。针对常规测井解释方法难以精确识别杂卤石的问题,因此,提出一种新的基于粒子群算法(PSO)优化的支持向量机(SVM)杂卤石识别方法开展四川盆地杂卤石的分类识别研究。以PSO和SVM理论为基础,结合测井解释方法,选择对杂卤石测井响应灵敏的有效数据作为输入样本,随机产生训练集和测试集,并采用PSO优选出径向基核函数参数,建立杂卤石分类预测模型。与录井结果对比,基于PSO的SVM模型识别准确率达到了97.5758%,在识别精度和速度上明显优于交叉验证方法优化的SVM模型。结果表明,该模型在四川盆地钾盐勘探中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Effect of Mesozoic volcanic eruptions in the western Liaoning Province,China on paleoclimate and paleoenvironment

Volatiles emitted during volcanic eruptions have an significant effect on the climate and environmental changes[1]. Different compositions of volatiles released may result in different trends of climate and environmental changes. Amounts of the erupted …     

广西陶圩盆地蒸发岩系特征及其地质时代

广西横县陶圩盆地系一中生代小型断陷盆地。盆地内发育一套红色陆源碎屑－化学岩型沉积。蒸发岩系主要由钙芒硝岩、（硬）石膏岩、泥质白云岩及泥岩、粉砂岩组成，厚达５００多ｍ，从下至上组成一个淡－咸－淡的成盐旋回。该蒸发岩系的孢粉组合属晚白垩世上仑期－赛诺期，其所在地层应属上白垩统，而非前所惯称之下白垩统新隆组     

华南东部地区地壳波速结构的构造地质意义

本文利用地震测深资料得到的地壳波速结构，结合岩石学研究成果，建立该地区地壳结构的岩石（学）地球物理模型，并由此讨论该地区深部地壳结构的构造地质意义。指出，华南东部地区主要具由扬子古陆块与华夏古陆块相互作用引起的叠壳式陆内层块构造活动特征，且伴有异地块（？）增生华夏古陆边缘。     

江西岩背含锡斑岩主要造岩矿物标型特征

江西会昌岩背Ｊ３－Ｋ１时期形成的火山穹窿由火山岩，次火山岩和侵入岩组成，大型斑岩型锡矿床赋存于含黄玉花岗斑岩与（次）流纹斑岩内外接触带上，成矿岩体花岗斑岩和花岗岩富Ｓｉ富Ｆ，其钾长石均为Ａｌ／Ｓｉ有序的低微斜长石，黑云母为含Ｌｉ富Ｆ的铁叶云母或黑鳞云母，具低Ｍｇ／ΣＦｅ（ＭＦ）值，所含岩浆晚期阶段结晶的黄玉，其成分接近于氟黄玉端元，并具有较短的ｂ轴，不同于玻利维亚Ｓｎ－Ｂ型，本区为Ｓｎ－Ｆ型，这是