从5.12汶川地震前后分量应变仪观测到的应变异常看建设密集应变观测网络的必要性

2004年我国“数字地震观测网络工程”决定在我国布设40套YRY-4型四分量钻孔应变仪。本文介绍5·12汶川地震前后分量应变仪观测到的应变异常及根据应变异常与其它观测手段对8·30会理6.1级地震较准确的预测。据此,提出我国有必要加速应变密集台网建设。     

Intensity Retrieved from Public Monitoring Video——Cases from the May 12,2008,Wenchuan Earthquake

Macroseismic investigation is presented with a new potential means of investigation in the ＂digital age＂. In this paper we studied several cases in the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake with a view to exploring the feasibility of retrieving intensity, or even strong ground motion parameters, from public monitoring video which was originally deployed for security purposes. We used public monitoring video records from 44 sites across the meizoseismal region and its surroundings to estimate the intensity. By using the video from a bank in Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province and making the simple assumption that ground vibration is in the form of a propagating harmonic wave, we estimated that the local ground motion acceleration was 0.14g.     

Intensity Retrieved from Public Monitoring Video——Cases from the May 12,2008,Wenchuan Earthquake

Macroseismic investigation is presented with a new potential means of investigation in the "digital age". In this paper we studied several cases in the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake with a view to exploring the feasibility of retrieving intensity, or even strong ground motion parameters, from public monitoring video which was originally deployed for security purposes. We used public monitoring video records from 44 sites across the meizoseismal region and its surroundings to estimate the intensity. By using the video from a bank in Dujiangyan, Sichnan Province and making the simple assumption that ground vibration is in the form of a propagating harmonic wave, we estimated that the local ground motion acceleration was 0.14g.     

海藻中碘的化学种态研究Ⅰ

用化学分离结合中子活化法研究了海带、网翼藻、海黍子、松藻、石莼、礁膜和江篱7种海藻中总碘及水溶性碘、有机碘、I-和IO₃-等不同形态碘的分布.研究结果表明:不同海藻中碘及其化学种态差别较大,海带中碘含量最高,达734×106(湿重),且99.2%的碘为水溶性碘.其他几种海藻中碘含量较低,且水溶性碘仅占16.5%～40.8%.海藻浸出液中碘主要以I-的形式存在,占浸出总碘量的61.0%～92.7%,其次为有机碘占5.5%～37.4%,IO₃-含量最少,仅占1.4%～4.5%.该研究结果提示不同海藻的富碘机制可能不尽相同.从食用的角度看,其中碘的生物利用度也可能有较大的差异.     

基于MapSIS的地震地球物理台网事件可视化平台建设

地球物理台网观测数据是反映前兆台网数据变化信息的重要部分,可为监测数据质量评估、地震分析预报会商、地震科学研究等工作提供科学依据。为充分利用这些保存在数据库中的事件数据记录,研制了基于MapSIS的地球物理台网事件可视化平台。该平台实现了事件记录的人工交互分析、自动统计分析,基于震情自动触发的专题报告自动生成等功能,具有功能全面、运行稳定的优点。该平台现已在全国地震前兆台网、地震分析预报会商中部署使用,可为地震分析预报提供科学可靠的信息服务。     

抚仙湖沉水植物分布及其碳、氮和磷化学计量学特征

目前对于沉水植物碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)化学计量学的野外研究主要集中在中营养或富营养化水体,而对于贫营养水体中沉水植物C、N和P的积累特征研究较少.基于对贫营养湖泊抚仙湖沉水植物的调查,研究抚仙湖9种常见沉水植物C、N和P化学计量学特征及其种间和种内差异.结果表明:1)抚仙湖沉水植物主要分布在湖岸浅水区域,分布水深范围为0.5~14.0 m,平均分布水深为3.6 m;2)抚仙湖沉水植物地上部分C、N和P含量平均值分别为381.89、18.59和2.13 mg/g,N∶P比平均值为9.21,且C、N和P含量之间呈显著正相关;3)抚仙湖沉水植物地上部分C、N和P含量及C∶N比和C∶P比值种间差异大于种内差异,而N∶P比种内差异大于种间差异;4)抚仙湖沉水植物C含量和N:P比平均值要大于长江中下游一些富营养化湖泊的沉水植物,抚仙湖沉水植物的生长可能潜在地受到P的限制.     

长江下游湖泊水生植物现状及与水环境因子的关系

研究水生植物分布与环境因子的关系可为富营养化湖泊的生态修复提供重要科学依据.通过对长江下游10个不同营养水平湖泊的水生植物群落组成和环境状况进行野外调查,研究了长江下游湖泊主要水生植物分布状况及水环境因子对水生植物分布的影响.调查发现长江下游10个代表性湖泊主要水生植物共计6科7属11种,主要生活型为沉水植物.水生植物群落组成与环境因子的冗余分析结果显示,总氮、pH值和水深是显著影响这些不同营养水平湖泊水生植物分布的主导因子.     

Molecular Fingerprints of Soil Organic Matter in a Typical Freshwater Wetland in Northeast China

Natural wetlands are known to store huge amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Despite the importance of this storage,uncertainties remain about the molecular characteristics of soil organic matter(SOM), a key factor governing the stability of soil organic carbon(SOC). In this study, the molecular fingerprints of SOM in a typical freshwater wetland in Northeast China were investigated using pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry technology(Py-GC/MS). Results indicated that the SOC, total nitrogen(TN),and total sulfur contents of the cores varied between 16.88% and 45.83%, 0.93% and 2.82%, and 1.09% and 3.79%, respectively. The bulk δ^13C and δ^15N varied over a range of 9.85‰, between –26.85‰ and –17.00‰, and between –0.126‰ and 1.002‰, respectively. A total of 134 different pyrolytic products were identified, and they were grouped into alkyl(including n-alkanes(C:0) and n-alkenes(C:1),aliphatics(Al), aromatics(Ar), lignin(Lg), nitrogen-containing compounds(Nc), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), phenols(Phs), polysaccharides(Ps), and sulfur-containing compounds(Sc). On average, Phs moieties accounted for roughly 24.11% peak areas of the total pyrolysis products, followed by Lg(19.27%), alkyl(18.96%), other aliphatics(12.39%), Nc compounds(8.08%), Ps(6.49%), aromatics(6.32%), Sc(3.26%), and PAHs(1.12%). Soil organic matter from wetlands had more Phs and Lg and less Nc moieties in pyrolytic products than soil organic matters from forests, lake sediments, pastures, and farmland.δ^13 C distribution patterns implied more C3 plant-derived soil organic matter, but the vegetation was in succession to C4 plant from C3 plant. Significant negative correlations between Lg or Ps proportions and C3 plant proportions were observed. Multiple linear analyses implied that the Ar and Al components had negative effects on SOC. Alkyl and Ar could facilitate ratios between SOC and total nitrogen(C/N), while Al plays the opposite role. Al was positively related to the ratio of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) to SOC. In summary, SOM of wetlands might characterize by more Phs and lignin and less Nc moieties in pyrolytic products. The use of Pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry(Py-GC/MS) technology provided detailed information on the molecular characteristics of SOM from a typical freshwater wetland.     

联合星地与星间Ka伪距的北斗三号卫星一体化定轨和时间同步

北斗三号卫星之间及卫星与锚固站之间在Ka频段的伪距测量为其提供了一种不依赖于地面监测站的独立定轨和时间同步能力。本文针对星间链路分时测量的特点,采用分段一次多项式对卫星钟差进行建模,直接利用原始的星地和星间单程Ka伪距实现一体化定轨和时间同步并同时解算锚固站设备硬件时延。利用北斗三号8颗卫星和2个锚固站的实测Ka伪距数据进行验证,结果表明:在利用导航电文的预报钟速信息进行修正的情况下,星间Ka伪距残差RMS为0.052 m;R方向卫星轨道确定和预报精度(RMS)分别为0.016、0.033 m;卫星钟差估计和预报精度(95%)分别为0.038、0.992 ns;解算得到的锚固站收发设备时延之和的稳定性优于0.5 ns。试验还展示了该方法的适应能力:在没有预报钟速信息的极端情况下,虽然星间Ka伪距残差RMS增大了242%,但R方向轨道确定和预报精度仍分别达到0.021、0.041 m,钟差估计和预报精度分别达到0.040、1.092 ns。     

姿态和光压模型对北斗导航卫星精密定轨的影响分析

通过GPS/BDS双系统联合定轨给出北斗系统新老卫星的轨道精度变化特征,分析不同姿态控制模式对卫星精密定轨的影响及其原因;针对光压模型的不足,讨论两种改进的定轨策略对北斗系统精密定轨的适用性。结果表明,当太阳矢量与卫星轨道面的夹角小于4°时,采用动偏-零偏转换模式的IGSO/MEO卫星会有明显的轨道精度下降,而IGSO-6卫星的轨道精度变化较为平稳,没有明显的精度衰减;ECOM光压模型较适用于IGSO-6卫星,但不适用于其他卫星;两种改进的定轨策略都能在一定程度上提高北斗导航卫星精密定轨的精度,可为北斗系统精密定轨提供参考。