试论现行盐湖卤水矿勘查规范的适用性——兼与钱学溥先生商榷

本文对我国盐湖矿床的勘查工作及盐湖矿产勘查规范的制修订过程进行了梳理、总结,认为盐湖卤水矿作为一种液体矿床,水只是其载体,其本质属性是矿,在开展水文地质工作的同时,按照矿产的勘查方法查明卤水及共伴生资源储量,开展综合评价是一种适合的勘查方法;盐湖卤水矿勘查规范的制定和修订是对多年来盐湖卤水勘查工作的总结和完善,符合卤水矿的勘查实际,勘查成果被矿山的设计及开采所验证,总体是一部适用的规范。钱先生提出的按照地下水的勘查、评价方法去勘查盐湖卤水矿产,忽略了卤水矿的属性及固液共生的特点,夸大了周边水补给对盐湖矿产的影响,提出的可采储量与矿山设计部门计算的可采储量的约束条件不同,故不能用淡水资源的评价方法去评价卤水矿。     

Combined GPS and BDS for single-frequency continuous RTK positioning through real-time estimation of differential inter-system biases

Double-differenced (DD) ambiguities between overlapping frequencies from different GNSS constellations can be fixed to integers if the associated differential inter-system biases (DISBs) are well known. In this case, only one common pivot satellite is sufficient for inter-system ambiguity resolution. This will be beneficial to ambiguity resolution (AR) and real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning especially when only a few satellites are observed. However, for GPS and current operational BDS-2, there are no overlapping frequencies. Due to the influence of different frequencies, the inter-system DD ambiguities still cannot be fixed to integers even if the DISBs are precisely known. In this contribution, we present an inter-system differencing model for combined GPS and BDS single-frequency RTK positioning through real-time estimation of DISBs. The stability of GPS L1 and BDS B1 DISBs is analyzed with different receiver types. Along with parameterization and using the short-term stability of DISBs, the DD ambiguities between GPS and BDS pivot satellites and the between-receiver single-difference ambiguity of the GPS pivot satellite can be estimable jointly with the differential phase DISB term from epoch to epoch. Then the inter-system differencing model can benefit from the near time-constant DISB parameters and thus has better multi-epoch positioning performance than the classical intra-system differencing model. The combined GPS and BDS single-frequency RTK positioning performance is evaluated with various simulated satellite visibilities. It will be shown that compared with the classical intra-system differencing model, the proposed model can effectively improve the positioning accuracy and reliability, especially for severely obstructed situations with only a few satellites observed.     

Suitability analysis for topographic factors in loess landslide research: a case study of Gangu County,China

Loess Plateau is one of the ecologically fragile regions in China. It is one of the slippery strata of which landslides often developed. The formation and development of landslides are mainly affected by various natural environments, triggering factors, the vulnerability of landslide-bearing bodies, and topography has a controlling effect on landslides and determines landslide distribution. As important environmental elements, the selection and reclassification of topographic factors are the basis for loess landslide vulnerability map. In this study, our research suggests an effective workflow to select and analyze the topographic factors in the loess landslides. Nine hazard-formative environmental factors [e.g., slope, aspect, slope shape (SS), slope of slope (SOS), slope of aspect (SOA), surface amplitude (SA), surface roughness (SR), incision depth (ID) and elevation variation coefficient (EVC)] are prepared for landslide suitability analysis. The models of certainty factor, sensitivity index and correlation coefficient are combined to select and analyze the suitability of these factors. Four topographic factors (i.e., slope, SOS, SS and SR) were ultimately selected to carry out the landslide vulnerability mapping with other factors. Our results showed that most of the landslides were located in medium and high classes and accounting for 75.3%, and these places also coincided with higher economies and intense human activities. Our research also suggested that in situ measurements are necessary to determine how to reclassify these topographic factors and how many grades these topographic factors divided, which would further improve the reliability of landslide vulnerability map for the decision makers to deal with the possible future landslides in terms of safety and human activities.     

川东及其周缘地区下寒武统龙王庙组沉积相

通过野外露头、钻测井、三维地震及区域地质调查等资料的综合研究发现,川东及其周缘地区下寒武统龙王庙组岩石类型以碳酸盐岩(粉晶白云岩、颗粒白云岩、泥晶灰岩和颗粒灰岩)为主,局部发育大套蒸发岩(膏岩和云质膏岩)及碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩的混合沉积;识别出局限台地相、开阔台地相、蒸发台地相和混积台地相4种沉积相类型,以局限台地相最为发育;川东及其周缘地区龙王庙组各沉积相带呈北东—南西向展布,混积台地相分布于研究区西北部,蒸发台地相集中发育在研究区西部华蓥山断裂东侧,局限台地相分布于混积台地相以东到盆地东边界以西的地区,开阔台地相分布于局限台地相以东到广海的部分地区。     

Establishment and assessment of a zenith wet delay (ZWD) augmentation model

GPS Solutions - Extreme Energy Events (EEE) is an extended Cosmic Rays (CRs) Observatory, composed of about 60 tracking telescopes spread over more than 10 degrees in Latitude and Longitude. We...     

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2018年我国梅雨特征及梅雨期降水异常成因分析

2018年我国梅雨特征及梅雨期降水异常成因分析