阳宗海硅藻群落对水体污染和水文调控的长期响应模式

在人类活动持续干扰的背景下,云南部分湖泊面临着污染物输入增加的环境压力,特别是营养盐富集和重金属污染。以云南地区遭受过严重工业污染的阳宗海为研究对象,通过沉积物硅藻群落、砷浓度、营养元素与稳定同位素、粒度等多指标分析,结合文献记录和湖泊调查结果,揭示了阳宗海硅藻群落对湖泊富营养化和砷污染的长期响应特征,并识别了不同时期的主要环境压力与其驱动强度。结果表明：长期的营养盐累积使得浮游硅藻逐渐占据优势地位,且耐污染的底栖硅藻种的快速增加与砷污染出现的时段一致。在阳宗海长期富营养化的背景下,当水体砷污染物浓度达到一定阈值水平后,硅藻群落结构的改变和多样性的降低都指示了湖泊生态系统发生了灾难性的转变。同时1965年开始的湖泊引水工程导致了贫营养种的突然增加。因此,水体富营养化、重金属污染与湖泊水文调控是导致阳宗海硅藻群落长期变化的主控因子,对阳宗海的生态修复与综合治理需要综合考虑不同胁迫因子的长期影响与驱动作用。     

循环荷载下冻土变形特性研究现状及冻土开挖问题

讨论了循环荷载作用下冻土的变形特性,总结了前人对冻土变形特性的研究成果。重点阐述了影响冻土变形特性的主要因素,包括土质、含水量、含冰量、温度、围压、动应力振幅和频率对冻土变形特性的影响及其研究现状和主要结论。简要论述了冻土开挖方面的研究情况,并强调了冻土机械开挖方法的重要性。最后针对高效开挖冻土的实际需求,提出了进行冻土变形特性进一步研究的几点建议。     

Index of Kuroshio penetrating the Luzon Strait and its preliminary application

A method of quantifying the penetration of the Kuroshio into the Luzon Strait is improved with simulated salinity. The new method is applied in an area bounded by 0.6 correlation coefficient contour to the point of 20 N, 118 E which is determined by EOF analysis. The results suggest that the method is suitable for indicating Kuroshio’s intrusion into the South China Sea quantitatively. As an indicator, the Kuroshio penetrating the Luzon index (KLI) reveals obvious annual cycle and weak bimodality. For annual periods, indexes on the surface and subsurface which point the same events have totally opposite signs due to the winter burst of surface westward current. On long-term period, the surface and subsurface indexes have consistent signs. A subsurface index on 150 m avoiding high frequency signals from the surface can be used for indicating long-term Kuroshio intrusion variation. An anti-phase pattern in wavelet coherence map between KLI and Japan large meander index shows that the Luzon Strait is a "smoother" reducing the variability of the Kuroshio transport changes on long-term periods.     

庐山台风暴雨天气系统配置与云型分析

使用近10a以来登陆台风对庐山暴雨影响的历史资料进行分析,结果表明:(1)影响庐山的台风移动路径主要为中路,细分为中路Ⅰ型和中路Ⅱ型,其中对庐山影响最大的是中路Ⅰ型,其它登陆台风,中心位置＜25 °N或＞30°N,对庐山的影响都很小.(2)中、低层以及地面合成场存在一定的共性,即(32 ～42 °N,100 ～ 110°E)一带形成高压阻挡坝,长江以南地区、南海以及台湾处于闭合低压区内.这种配置是庐山台风暴雨常见的天气系统配置类型.(3)庐山地形对台风降水的增幅作用十分明显.(4)庐山台风暴雨主要有3种云型:①台风外围环流云型;②台风螺旋雨带云型;(③台风低压(槽)云型.这3种云型表明了台风3个不同阶段的特征,庐山台风暴雨主要与西风带系统和副热带高压阻隔作用、涡旋Rossby波激发的螺旋雨带、中尺度对流云团发展以及低层西南暖湿低空急流等因素有关.     

非常规气象资料上行传输实时监控系统

为了提高通信业务的自动化程度,提高气象报文的上传及时率,开发研制了非常规气象资料上行传输实时监控系统,实现了对各种非常规气象资料上行传输的实时监控、查询、告警等功能。主要介绍了非常规气象资料上行传输实时监控系统的平台概况、功能及其实现方法、开发技巧。     

四川盆地西缘中新生代地层区划及盆山演化

四川盆地西缘分为龙门山分区和四川盆地分区。已有的地层区划方案均对两大分区采用一条绝然的界限,忽略了盆地西缘原地地层系统与外来地层系统之间不同的沉积环境及构造演化模式。认为在两个分区之间并没有绝然的界线,而是以组成龙门山的三个主要推覆体东缘的断裂为主要界线,但将该界线以东中小飞来峰地层系统归属于龙门山分区,而将介于该界线与中小飞来峰之间的由于飞来峰与主体脱离而暴露的原地地层系统归属于四川盆地分区。龙门山分区可进一步划分为三个小区,分别包含一个大型推覆体及若干中小推覆体或飞来峰,反映了龙门山各段不同的隆升时间及沉积特征。将四川盆地分区进一步划分为西南小区和西北小区,主要以上白垩统及其以上地层是否发育相区别。     

Magnesian andesites in north Xinjiang,China

Middle Devonian magnesian andesites (MAs) are widely distributed in south Altay and Carboniferous MAs are present in Alataoshan and west- and east-Tianshan in the north Xinjiang region. These MAs are andesitic rocks with 53–65% SiO₂,<1% (0.21–1.08%; average of 0.72%) TiO₂, and ≥50 Mg^#. Magnesian dacites and diorites, with 52.38–66.91% SiO₂, <0.30% TiO₂ and ≥42 Mg^# commonly occur with these MAs. Relative to boninites, MAs have lower MgO contents (average 6.39%) but higher Ti, K and Na. They have characteristic flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns with weak to no Eu anomalies (Eu depletion, or Eu/Eu* = 0.65–1.15), low (La/Yb)_N (0.98–6.4, mostly 4±) and low total REE contents (15–95 ppm). They also have high contents of compatible elements Cr and Ni (72–790 and 29–276 ppm, respectively). Their relative depletion in high field strength elements Nb, Ta and Ti, and relative enrichment in mobile large-ion lithophile elements Rb, K and Pb are evident on primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams. If magnesian andesites are melts coming from the subducted oceanic crust, as proposed elsewhere, then the relatively high Y contents (>15 ppm), low Sr/Y ratios (4.4–6.2), low (La/Yb)N, and high Mg^# of the MAs in north Xinjiang provide evidence of interaction of such melts with mantle wedge peridotite. New petrographic, chemical and isotopic [(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)I = 0.51221–0.51255 (εNd(t) +0.28 to +7.2); (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)I = 0.7029–0.7065] data suggest that the petrogenesis of the MAs in the north Xinjiang region may have involved: (1) multiple source materials including subducted oceanic slab, juvenile crustal materials (mainly volcanic-volcanoclassic rocks with low maturity and clear mantle geochemical signatures) coming from the forearc accretionary prism and mantle wedge peridotite; (2) a combination of different petrogenetic processes including partial melting of subducted oceanic slab and juvenile crustal materials, followed by interaction of slab melts with the mantle wedge peridotite; (3) high geothermal gradient creating a high temperature (>1,000°C) environment in a volatile-rich source region; (4) unique tectonic settings including oblique subduction, slab break off resulting in slab window formation and asthenosphere upwelling, and subduction erosion resulting in transfer of forearc accretionary materials into the source region of MA magma.     

BDS星载原子钟周期项特性及预报研究

采用频谱分析方法对BDS星载原子钟的周期项变化规律进行分析,继而构建了附有周期项的精密钟差预报模型。在此基础上,对预报模型的短期预报效果和不同类型卫星的预报精度差异进行分析。结果表明,不同类型的卫星均表现出较为显著的12 h和24 h的周期项变化规律,但其对应的能量幅值存在差异;与传统的二次多项式预报模型相比,结合周期项改正的钟差预报模型能够提高预报精度,6 h的预报精度约为2 ns,24 h的预报精度约为10 ns。     

不同电离层格网产品的精度分析

利用全球部分IGS站实测数据,精确提取测站天顶方向的总电子含量,以此作为评估基准,对国内外5家分析中心和2家综合中心（IGS,international GNSS service和iGMAS,international GNSS monitoring & assessment system）的全球电离层格网（global ionosphere maps,GIM）产品在全球范围内的符合精度进行评估。结果表明,不同机构不同类型的GIM产品精度在不同范围的符合精度略有不同。