太平矿暗斜井充水水源分析

在综合分析太平煤矿井水文地质条件、出水点岩性特征的基础上,通过钻孔探放、水样化验资料的对比分析,认为该矿＋700水平胶带暗斜井的间接充水水源可能来自摩梭河;基于涌水点位置与出水量,以及瞬变电磁法确定的巷道前方富水区域情况,确定了采用浅层注浆法封堵的治水方案。     

乡村空间辨析

伴随着城镇化、信息化、全球化等多种内外因素的交互作用,中国的乡村正经历着社会经济形态重组、地域功能提升等一系列转型与重构的过程,乡村地域面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战,而“乡村振兴战略”的提出也给乡村发展及乡村地理学的研究提出了新要求,全面系统地认识乡村空间系统,准确把握乡村空间是开展进一步研究的必要前提。本文在系统梳理国内外对乡村空间的认知与发展基础上,指出国内乡村地理学在乡村社会—文化空间研究上的不足。本文以人地关系地域系统为理论基础,尝试建构了由“物质空间—社会空间—文化空间”组成的乡村空间系统,以期为全面认识日益复杂的乡村地域提供理论指导。     

一种基于PDAF的目标跟踪算法

对目标进行跟踪的目的是通过相关和滤波处理建立目标的运动轨迹。在某型声纳多次试验中,发现采用最近邻域标准滤波器(NNSF)滤波方法时,目标跟踪不稳,跟偏、丢失等现象频现,因此对现有目标跟踪模型和算法进行研究与改进。采用基于概率数据互联滤波器(PDAF)的跟踪算法来实现对目标的跟踪。首先,使用滑窗法对目标进行跟踪起始,然后再采用概率数据互联滤波器(PDAF)进行目标关联,以保持对目标的连续跟踪。经过仿真与在某型声纳的多次试验对比可得:该关联方法对目标的跟踪结果较采用NNSF滤波方法对目标的跟踪结果有明显改进。其跟踪精度有了明显的提高,而且其跟偏、丢失的次数明显减少。     

Last glacial pollen record from Lanzhou (Northwestern China) and possible forcing mechanisms for the MIS 3 climate change in Middle to East Asia

The vegetation on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is highly sensitive to climatic changes and thus represents a potentially interesting environmental archive. Pollen samples from the Fanjiaping Loess section in Lanzhou on the western Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) were analyzed in conjunction with OSL dating. The results indicate that pollen zone B (60.6–46.0 ka, correlative to the early MIS 3) had the greatest abundances of Cupressaceae, Tsuga, Gramineae and Cyperaceae of the entire section, suggesting a warm phase during the last glacial period. These pollen taxa decreased significantly in abundance in the zones C (46.0–39.0 ka) and D (39.0–27.0 ka), reflecting a substantial climate cooling from the middle MIS 3 to MIS 2. These results correlate with climate records from the South China Sea, the CLP, Baikal Lake, North America, North Atlantic Ocean and other regions, and probably correspond with the decline of northern high-latitude insolation and the increase of global ice volume from 50 to 20 ka. In particular, arboreal pollen, fern spore and algae abundances declined sharply since ～40 ka, while shrub and herb pollen reached the highest abundances. Conifer pollen Picea and Abies abundance also rose markedly and increased up the section. This implies significant climate deterioration and likely corresponded with substantial growth of the polar ice sheets since ～40 ka. The decreasing temperature caused by an insolation decline during the last glacial period probably reinforced the cooling effect in a ‘snow/ice/albedo’ feedback, which would result in less climate sensitivity to radiative forcing. Meanwhile, vegetation decline in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial period and tundra development at high latitudes possibly caused additional cooling, enhancing the growth of polar ice sheets since 40 ka. The development of polar ice sheets increased the polar-to-equator temperature and pressure gradients, strengthening the westerlies and supplying plenty of moisture to Northwest China during 40–30 ka. Lake sediments developed widely on the Tibetan Plateau during 40–30 ka, probably related to an increase in the seasonality of middle-to-low latitude insolation which caused an enhancement of glacier melting on the Plateau.     

High-Resolution Mesoscale Analysis Data from the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX): Data Generation and Quality Evaluation

In this study,the observational data acquired in the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX)from May to July 2008 and 2009 were integrated and assimilated with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS; information available online at http://laps.fsl.noaa.gov).A high-resolution mesoscale analysis dataset was then generated at a spatial resolution of 5 km and a temporal resolution of 3 h in four observational areas:South China,Central China,Jianghuai area,and Yangtze River Delta area.The quality of this dataset was evaluated as follows.First,the dataset was qualitatively compared with radar reflectivity and TBB image for specific heavy rainfall events so as to examine its capability in reproduction of mesoscale systems.The results show that the SCHeREX analysis dataset has a strong capability in capturing severe mesoscale convective systems.Second,the mean deviation and root mean square error of the SCHeREX mesoscale analysis fields were analyzed and compared with radiosonde data.The results reveal that the errors of geopotential height,temperature,relative humidity,and wind of the SCHeREX analysis were within the acceptable range of observation errors.In particular,the average error was 45 m for geopotential height between 700 and 925 hPa,1.0-1.1℃ for temperature,less than 20％ for relative humidity,1.5-2.0 m s-1 for wind speed,and 20°-25° for wind direction.The above results clearly indicate that the SCHeREX mesoscale analysis dataset is of high quality and sufficient reliability,and it is applicable to refined mesoscale weather studies.     

High-Resolution Mesoscale Analysis Data from the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX): Data Generation and Quality Evaluation

In this study, the observational data acquired in the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX) from May to July 2008 and 2009 were integrated and assimilated with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS; information available online at http://laps.fsl.noaa.gov). A high-resolution mesoscale analysis dataset was then generated at a spatial resolution of 5 km and a temporal resolution of 3 h in four observational areas: South China, Cent...     

鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代沉积岩源区构造背景及物源分析

鄂尔多斯盆地周缘物源均来自上地壳,以长英质岩石为主,主要为太古宇、元古宇的各类变火山-沉积岩组成的古老变质岩系,同时具有一定量的花岗岩和碱性玄武岩的混合,但物源成分及南北源区构造背景有所差异。在常量元素及稀土元素组成上,盆地南北物源区的沉积岩在地区及层位之间存在差异,且该变化符合大洋岛弧→大陆岛弧→活动大陆边缘→被动大陆边缘常量元素、稀土元素以及负Eu异常的变化趋势。常量元素变化分析表明盆地北部物源主要来自板块俯冲碰撞地带,与被动大陆边缘环境和活动大陆边缘环境相关,少数为与活动大陆边缘相关的岛弧构造环境有关,到晚古生代中晚期才逐渐与被动大陆边缘环境和活动大陆边缘环境相关。稀土元素对比分析表明,盆地北部物源与太古宙、元古宙的花岗片麻岩、闪长片麻岩、二长花岗岩、变余岩屑砂岩及千枚岩具有亲源性;而盆地南部早—中二叠世长期受被动大陆边缘物源影响,具有高SiO2,低Na2O的特征,这与太古宙—元古宙的太华群、秦岭群、宽坪群等岩系的高SiO2含量,K2O/Na2O>1的特征一致,到晚古生代后期,逐渐与活动大陆边缘物源相关。北秦岭晚古生代山间盆地具有快速混杂堆积的沉积特点,属于盆地外缘,并与鄂尔多斯盆地呈连续过渡的状况,物源上具有继承关系;盆地晚古生代沉积岩中Gd含量及(Gd/Yb)N比值具有随时间迁移的特征,分析表明北部物源区在太原期处于构造快速活动期,而南部物源从山西期才开始进入快速活动期,这与区域构造演化背景一致,即北部物源区抬升要早于南部。     

基于水文模型的雷达监测降雨量误差传递研究

基于多普勒雷达和相应的雨量计资料,利用卡尔曼滤波校准法对分组Z~I关系估算的雷达降雨进行同化,结合新安江模型,提出采用增长模繁殖法对雷达监测降雨量资料进行扰动,定量分析了模型输入误差对径流模拟的影响。经过湖北省白莲河流域的实际应用研究表明,卡尔曼滤波校准法估算降水量的精度比Z~I关系法有了明显的提高,其相应的洪水预报效果也都优于Z~I关系;提出的增长模繁殖法对雷达监测降雨量资料产生的扰动输入误差在经过模型的传递后有增大的趋势。