海洋围隔生态系中叶绿素a的变化及其影响因素

本文论述了在海洋围隔生态系中叶绿素a含量的变化及其影响因素。结果表明,叶绿素a含量与浮游植物细胞个数变化有较好的正相关。无机氮含量在14μmol/L以上时,对叶绿素a的影响不大,叶绿素a与活性磷含量有明显的正相关。光照是影响叶绿素a含量的重要因素之一。叶绿素a与食植性浮游动物个数变化关系密切。     

BD卫星星间链路定轨结果及分析

我国新一代北斗导航系统试验卫星搭载了高精度星间链路载荷并已经得到了实测数据。本文给出了星间链路数据预处理方法,并介绍了星间链路数据独立定轨和星间Ka测量与L波段数据联合定轨的方法和初步结果。利用3颗试验卫星和1个地面Ka站在轨试验,结果表明:独立采用星间链路定轨,其结果 R方向误差小于0.5m;星间链路数据与L波段数据联合定轨,其对L波段定轨结果有显著改善,轨道R方向误差小于0.3m;星间测量设备时延标校精度优于0.1m。     

风云3C增强北斗定轨试验结果与分析

首次搭载GPS/BDS双模接收机全球导航卫星掩星探测仪(GNOS)的风云三号C星于2013年9月23日的成功发射,为研究低轨卫星对BDS定轨增强提供了便利。本文首先对低轨卫星GNOS搭载的GPS/BDS双模接收机的观测数据进行统计,并分析了伪距测量精度。然后在全球测站、区域测站两种布局情况下,对无GNOS的BDS单系统定轨、无GNOS的GPS/BDS双系统定轨、有GNOS的BDS单系统定轨增强、有GNOS的GPS/BDS双系统定轨增强4种方案进行北斗轨道及钟差比较分析。结果表明,GNOS对北斗卫星轨道增强在全球测站下,GEO卫星切向精度提升最为显著,提升程度达60%,其次是法向和其他类型卫星切向,部分弧段个别GEO卫星径向精度稍有下降。双系统定轨增强中可视弧段钟差重叠精度RMS值有0.1ns量级改善。7个国内测站区域监测网的定轨试验中对轨道进行了预报,结果表明GNOS对北斗GEO卫星轨道预报精度切向提升达85%,其余方向及卫星有较大改善,平均21.7%。可视弧段钟差重叠精度RMS值有0.5ns量级改善。     

Biological responses to recent eutrophication and hydrologic changes in Xingyun Lake,southwest China

The synergistic influence of multiple environmental stressors on lake ecosystems has typically been evaluated paleolimnologically, through examination of a single biological indicator. Aquatic organisms, however, may display heterogeneous responses because of differences in their ecological sensitivity, and/or because of ecological consequences caused by strong interactions among multiple stressors. We applied paleolimnological methods to compare patterns of algal and invertebrate response to multiple stressors in a large, shallow lake in southwest China over the last two centuries. Our multi-proxy records show a clear trajectory of lake eutrophication (greater total nitrogen) and increasing lake productivity (greater sediment Chlorophyll-a concentration) during the last century. Nutrient enrichment and lake productivity played significant, but different roles, in structuring diatom and cladoceran assemblages, accounting for 31.4 and 77.3% of the total variance in the communities, respectively. Furthermore, there was a pronounced influx of the endemic diatom species Cyclotella rhomboideo-elliptica Skuja, which was strongly associated with the second axis of a diatom PCA (Principal Component Analysis). This occurred synchronously with a documented reversal of hydrological connectivity with a downstream, nutrient-poor lake during the early twentieth century, suggesting a role for species dispersal in modulating community reorganization. There are also strong differences between the two organism groups in their sensitivity to hydrological fluctuations, as hydrodynamics, indicated by sand content, was a significant driver for cladocerans (>25%), but showed only minor influence on diatom assemblages in our selection of minimum adequate models. The proportion of the total variance explained by our measured variables (<30%) was much lower for diatom assemblages than for both cladoceran assemblage and accumulation data (~77%), reflecting differences in community reorganization between the two biological indicators. The sediment-based evaluation of community responses revealed the differential impact of eutrophication and hydrological fluctuations on the biota of this large, shallow lake. Therefore, multiple biological indicators should be evaluated in limnological surveys to assess the full scope of ecological changes in highly stressed lake systems targeted for conservation or restoration.     

花岗岩—H2O—HF体系相关系及氟对花岗质熔体结构的影响

通过在0.1GPa压力下钠长花岗岩-H₂O-HF体系相关系实验获得,随体系F含量的增加,石英的温度稳定域上限升高,长石的温度稳定域上限降低;石英、碱性长石的晶-液平衡热力学计算表明,F导致花岗质熔体中组分SiO₂的活度增加,组分NaAlSi₃O₈和KAlSi₃O₈的活度减小,且NaAlSi₃O₈活度较KAlSi₃O₈活度减小幅度大。这些结果显示了F在花岗质熔体中与Si以外的阳离子Al、Na、K等产生了结合,且F与Na结合的优先性大于K,破坏了具有电荷平衡离子Na、K的AlO₂^-四面体,使熔体架状网格中Si/(Si+Al)和K/Na比值增大。通过F与H₂O对花岗岩体系相平衡的影响比较,作者认为F不与Si结合是它与OH^-在干扰熔体结构方面的最大区别。     

战略耦合对区域经济韧性的影响研究——以广东省为例

战略耦合与区域经济韧性分别为关系经济地理学派与演化经济地理学派的关键变量,在当下已有的研究中,前者缺乏区域长期演化的动态视角,后者忽视区域外部的经济联系对区域内部的影响,二者缺乏理论对话;同时,战略耦合在当下缺乏定量研究,成为两个学派之间进行融合的阻碍之一。因此,以广东省21个城市为例,基于回归分析、地理探测器等方法,从区域经济中外资的出口主导、生产主导、技术主导3个维度来测度战略耦合程度对区域经济韧性的影响,以此尝试推动两个学派的互动。研究结论：① 证实战略耦合对区域的经济韧性有着显著的影响,其中外资的生产主导影响最为显著,其次是外资的技术主导,影响最小的是外资的出口主导;② 中国港澳台地区投资与其他外资对区域经济韧性的作用机制存在根本性差异,体现在区域韧性变动的过程中,二者在技术主导和生产主导维度上的影响效果相反;③ GDP、FDI、出口总额等传统的全球化程度的测度指标不适合作为测度战略耦合对区域经济韧性影响的重要变量。本研究通过方法的创新,实现了对战略耦合的一次完整的定量测度,进一步实现了关系经济地理学派与演化经济地理学派在方法上的一次理论互动,为全球生产网络后续更加深入的量化研究奠定了基础。     

2000~2010年南京都市区人口空间变动特征研究

利用南京市第五次、第六次人口普查数据研究南京都市区2000~2010年人口空间变动及其规律。研究发现,① 10 a间南京都市区各地域人口均呈现增长态势,近郊区成为人口增长最为剧烈的区域;人口重心逐渐向南移动,同时人口分布的核心区域有向内收敛的趋势。② 根据测定系数、F检验与图像分析的综合判断,对数正态模型能够较好拟合人口分布的单核心结构,两年份曲线的变化表明郊区化的主体仍然是近郊区,尚未发展到远郊化的程度。多核心模型的拟合表明南京都市区已初步形成多核心结构,且主中心对人口仍具有强大吸引力;而多核心与单核心模型同时具有良好的拟合效果说明多核心结构尚未发育成熟。③ 南京都市区人口分布的空间异质性越来越高,人口分布趋于复杂,表明都市区正在向更加高级的阶段发展。     

REE Compositions of Lower Ordovician Dolomites in Central and North Tarim Basin, NW China： A Potential REE Proxy for Ancient Seawater

Rare earth element compositions of Lower Ordovician dolomites in the Central and Northern Tarim Basin are studied. Most dolomite samples are more or less contaminated by clay minerals. Their rare earth element compositions have been consequently changed, showing both seawater-like and non-seawater-like features. The clay contamination should be disposed before the REE data are used. Through ICP-MS and ICP-AES analyses, the REE features are well documented. The clay contamination is quantitatively determined by microscopic investigation, trace elements and REE contents. The dolomites, at least in the Tarim Basin, are thought to be pure when their total LREE contents are less than 3×10^-6. Through comparison, the pure dolomites show similarities in REE patterns but differences in REE contents with co-existing pure limestone, which indicates that dolomitization may slightly change the REE compositions. Nevertheless, whatever the change is, the pure dolomites may act as a potential REE proxy for Ordovician seawater, which would be significant for ancient massive dolomite strata that lack limestone.     

利用SLR和GPS双频相位平滑伪距资料测定导航卫星钟差

采用2002年10月的SLR和伪距实测数据计算GPS 35卫星的钟差,为了验证计算结果的精度,将本文计算的卫星钟差与IGS精密钟差进行了比较.结果表明,采用经过载波相位平滑伪距资料,可以明显提高综合利用SLR和伪距资料直接测定导航卫星的精度;综合利用SLR和GPS双频相位平滑伪距资料测定导航卫星钟差精度优于0.3 ns(1σ),测定的导航卫星钟差与实际钟差不存在系统差.     

灰色系统理论的优化方法及其在卫星钟差预报中的应用

利用灰色系统理论对卫星钟差进行预报研究,论述了灰色GM(1,1)模型的建立,讨论了原始序列的预处理和模型优化方法,建立了相应的算法,并结合实例给出了一种通过参数优化模型的方法.计算结果表明,该方法可以提高卫星钟差预报的精度.