新疆奇台县黄羊山发现超大型晶质石墨矿床

<正>1研究目的(Objective)20世纪60年代,首次在黄羊山花岗岩岩体内发现苏吉泉石墨矿以来,该区一直没有新发现晶质石墨矿。2015年以来,中国建筑材料工业地质勘查中心对新疆奇台县黄羊山一带石墨矿开展调查工作,探讨了晶质石墨矿床特征、控矿因素及成矿规律,建立了成矿模式,为石墨资源找矿开辟新领域,为大型资源基地建设提供依据。     

白云石与富硅流体的水—岩反应实验及其储层地质意义

含硅热液是影响深层白云岩储层的一种重要的流体类型,其如何与白云岩相互作用以及能否促使深层有效白云岩储层发育,是当前流体地质学与碳酸盐储层地质学研究需要进一步揭示的科学问题。本文以CaMg(CO_3)_2—SiO_2—H_2O体系为例,应用熔融毛细硅管合成包裹体技术和原位激光拉曼光谱分析技术,结合淬火微区X衍射、扫描电镜观察及能谱分析等手段,研究了富硅流体与白云石的水岩反应机理。结果表明,白云石与富硅流体在100℃以上即可发生脱碳反应产生CO_2,200℃时的反应机理为:3CaMg(CO_3)_2(白云石)+4SiO_2+H_2O=Mg_3(Si_4O_(10))(OH)_2(滑石)+3CaCO_3+3CO_2。据此,认为滑石这类富镁硅酸盐矿物可以作为白云岩储层含硅热流体作用的证据。深部富硅热液沿断裂向上运移,与白云岩反应后沉淀滑石等富镁硅酸盐矿物,继而导致储集空间的减少,但是气相产物CO_2是重要的酸性气体,可以在合适的地质条件下溶蚀碳酸盐矿物,有利于深埋条件下储集空间的形成与保存。     

软沉积物滑塌变形物理模拟及变形机理分析*

软沉积物滑塌变形是一种地质现象,对于分析区域地质发展史和指导油气勘探具有重要的意义,近年来越来越受到地学界的重视。但大多数的研究是基于野外现象的定性观察描述,对其形成过程和成因机制的定量探究较少。笔者建立了一套斜坡背景下重力驱动的软沉积物滑塌变形物理模拟实验装置,并设计了完整的实验程序,利用具有不同黏滞系数的材料模拟地层,通过多次实验改变沉积箱坡度模拟不同的地层倾角,总结了软沉积物滑塌变形的演化模式: 滑塌开始,模拟地层逐渐隆起;随着地形坡度变大,滑塌褶皱依次发展成圆弧褶皱、紧密等斜褶皱,断裂产生后形成类似无根等斜褶皱和鞘褶皱的变形构造,直到地层趋于平稳。分析了软沉积物滑塌变形的机理: 软沉积物受到自身沿斜坡重力的驱动,发生滑塌,层与层之间的剪切效应导致软沉积物发生变形。     

Estimation of ecological water requirements based on habitat response to water level in Huanghe River Delta, China

In recent years,wetland ecological water requirements (EWRs) have been estimated by using hydrological and functional approaches,but those approaches have not yet been integrated for a whole ecosystem.This paper presents a new method for calculating wetland EWRs,which is based on the response of habitats to water level,and determines water level threshold through the functional integrity of habitats.Results show that in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta water levels between 5.0 m and 5.5 m are required to maintain the functional integrity of the wetland at a value higher than 0.7.One of the dominant plants in the delta,Phragmites australis,tolerates water level fluctuation of about ± 0.25 m without the change in wetland functional integrity.The minimum,optimum and maximum EWRs for the Huanghe River Delta are 9.42×106 m3,15.56×106 m3 and 24.12×106 m3 with water levels of 5.0 m,5.2 m and 5.5 m,corresponding to functional integrity indices of 0.70,0.84 and 0.72,respectively.A wetland restoration program has been performed,which aims to meet these EWRs in attempt to recover from losses of up to 98% in the delta's former wetland area.     

前兆观测资料与地震活动时间序列的Morlet小波变换及相关性分析

Morlet小波在时、频两域都具有良好的局部性,是对时间序列进行多尺度分析和局部特性研究常用的小波变换方法。本文运用Morlet小波变换分析了云南省大理市下关水化站1990~2013年期间水氡、水汞、流量、气压和固体CO2月均值时间序列的变化特征,并与同时期大理市附近50km以内ML2.0~2.9、100km以内ML3.0~3.9、200km以内ML4.0~4.9和600km以内MS≥5.0地震活动月频度的Morlet小波变换特征进行了对比研究,分别计算了5项前兆资料月均值与4个震级范围地震活动月频度的小波平方模之间的相关系数,并对其相关性进行了探讨。     

基于Hbase的地震大数据存储研究

提出一种基于Hbase的地震大数据存储方法,通过搭建测试平台、Java语言开发测试程序,并与MySQL在存储、查询结构化与非结构化数据方面进行性能对比。结果表明,Hbase存取地震数据耗时更低,在数据量多时,其性能更加显著。     

黄河上游德恒隆-锁子滑坡堵塞黄河事件

黄河上游龙羊峡刘家峡河段两岸岸坡形成了众多残留体积超过10⁸ m³的古巨型滑坡,最大体积近30×10⁸ m³,且大部分堵塞过黄河。但部分巨型滑坡至今未有学者进行科学研究,其中包括德恒隆滑坡和锁子滑坡。结合区域地质环境条件,通过对德恒隆-锁子两个巨型滑坡基本特征和滑坡堵塞黄河的野外7个地质现象进行分析,并对德恒隆-锁子滑坡形成机制进行初步探讨,认为德恒隆-锁子滑坡为地震型滑坡,且形成原因与青藏高原8万 a的构造期有密切关系。通过分析黄河沿岸堰塞湖湖相沉积,认为堰塞湖形成时间为8万 a左右,这与德恒隆-锁子滑坡的形成年代一致。因此德恒隆-锁子滑坡在地震作用下触发并堵塞黄河。     

Composition, spatial distribution, and environmental significance of water ions in Pumayum Co catchment, southern Tibet

The chemistry of major cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and K+) and anions (HCO3 ?, SO4 2?, and Cl?) in the water of Lake Pumayum Co and its inflow river was studied, revealing the obvious ionic difference among various inflow rivers and the lake. The chemical type of the lake water was Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3 ?-SO4 2+, but the major ions of the main inflow rivers were Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3 ?. In the lake inlet of Jiaqu River, the main inflow river, there was significant variance of water chemistry within the depth less than 2 m. However, it was almost homogeneous at other area of the lake. Therefore, with the evidence of distribution of water chemistry and oxygen isotope of lake water, a conclusion can be outlined that Jiaqu River had a distinct effect on the hydrochemistry of the water on the submerged delta, whereas this is not the case for other rivers. The Gibbs plot revealed that the dominant mechanism responsible for controlling chemical compositions of the lake water was rocks weathering in the drainage area. Ion ratios and ternary plots further explored the main processes controlling the water chemistry of the catchment, i.e., carbonate weathering, pyrite weathering, and silicate weathering. The different hydrochemistry characteristics between river water and lake water may result from the CaCO3 precipitation. The findings will benefit the explanation of the environmental significance of carbonate in paleolimnological studies in the lake.     

空气潜孔锤钻进是提高钻进效率的有效途径

空气潜孔锤冲击钻进与常规回转钻进技术相比,是以动载钻头冲击破碎岩石方式取代静载切削岩石的方式;岩石的体积破碎代替了研磨剪切破碎;是目前提高钻进效率的最佳钻进技术之一。在同井同钻机钻进时,其钻效可较常规钻进提高11-18倍;在邻井相同地层、相同技术要求时,其钻效可提高13倍左右;在同一勘探区、相同技术要求时,其钻效可提高9倍左右。通过反复对比论证,认为空气潜孔锤钻进能有效提高钻进效率,较好的体现出其潜在的经济与环保价值。     

矿产资源可持续发展研究的述评

从以下几个方面对矿产资源可持续发展研究现状进行了较为全面,公正,客 分析：（１）矿产资源的合理开发;（２）矿产资源的高效利用;（３）矿产资源的可持续发展指标体系;（４）矿产资源的代陆均衡;（５）矿产资源与区域可持续发展;（６）矿产资源资产评估;（）７）矿产资源开发对瓣影响,同时对研究的努力方向提出了建议。