利用GPS数据和实时概率模型评估川滇南部中长期地震危险性

应用GPS数据确定法和地震矩率法计算了川滇南部主要活动断裂分段特征地震复发间隔,在此基础上,运用实时概率模型计算了各条断裂未来10年、30年、50年、100年的发震概率.结果表明,川滇南部未来百年特征地震复发的可能性按概率值大小依次为:安宁河断裂带小相岭段,小江断裂东川段,安宁河断裂带冕宁西昌段,则木河断裂带,丽江-小金河断裂丽江宁蒗段,小江断裂带华宁段,小江断裂带嵩明宜良段和红河断裂带北西段.     

临邑县“城中村”成片开发激活城市建设发展潜力

临邑县辖6镇、3乡、3个街道办事处、1个省级开发区,共858个村庄,土地总面积1016．32km^2,总人口52．8万。城区规划控制面积29．87km^2,有“城中村”28个,占地8．69km^2,占城区规划面积的29．18％。为进一步缓解城市建设用地紧张的局面,提高“城中村”土地利用率,2007年,临邑县委、县政府决定用3～5年时间,完成28个“城中村”改造任务。     

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Distribution,trends and drivers of precipitation use efficiency in the loess plateau

Against the background of climate change, the global carbon and water cycle has undergone significant changes, and it is of great significance to explore the interrelationships of the carbon and water cycles in different regions to cope with future climate change. In this study, based on gross primary productivity (GPP) and precipitation (PRE) data, the precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of the Loess Plateau (LP) was calculated, and the Sen trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test were used to analyse the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PUE, as well as the first-order difference method was used to derive the relative contributions to quantify the impact of vegetation growth and meteorological factors on PUE. The results show that (1) from 2001 to 2018, the spatial distribution pattern of vegetation PUE exhibited an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. On the time scale, the multi-year average value of PUE was 1.17 gC m⁻² mm⁻¹, showing an overall upward trend. Among the different land cover types, paddy fields had the highest PUE level, and sparse grassland had the lowest; (2) LAI had the highest relative contribution to vegetation PUE, followed by temperature (Temp), net radiation of the ground surface (RN), specific humidity (Shum), and wind speed (WS). LAI contributes positively to 88.9% of the area. RN positively influences high-altitude areas, while Shum had a larger area with a negative contribution. The contribution of Temp increases from northwest to southeast, and WS has balanced positive and negative contributions; (3) LAI is the dominant factor for the spatial and temporal variation of PUE in the LP, and the size of the areas where different meteorological factors dominate the changes of PUE are as follows: WS > Shum>RN > Temp. At high altitudes, the dominant meteorological driver is WS, while at low altitudes, the dominant climate driver is Shum. This study is of guiding significance for the ecological restoration and management of the LP, and it can also provide a scientific basis for the improvement of ecosystems and the sustainable management of water resources in the context of global climate change.     

基于瓦片数据结构的大规模地形构建与显示

地形漫游在仿真、模拟、虚拟现实、游戏等领域都有广泛的应用，但其大规模地形实时动态绘制的速度和质量一直是一个难点。文章主要分析了地形场景数据管理与实时调度、视相关多层次细节模型与可见性判断以及分层数据组织与瓦片数据绘制等关键问题。在研究多种层次算法的基础上，提出了一种实时高帧率绘制大规模地形的瓦片重组数据结构的方法，并改进了视景体裁切重组地形数据的方法。实验结果表明该方法在保持地形逼真的情况下，有很好的绘制网格帧率和实时动态交互的效果。     

Regional fractures and denudation of gold ore deposits in Gangdise block,Tibet: Evidence of Ag/Au values

Mapping with Ag/Au ratios of mineralized rocks and ores as a parameter reveals that the deep fractures in the Gangdise block control the distribution of the high value regions which may represent the shallow zones of strongly mineralized areas. The variance gradient regions with large Ag/Au ratio may represent the boundaries between strongly mineralized areas and weakly mineralized areas. In the middle part of the Gangdise block, gold and silver mineralization centers mainly distribute along the NW extending Coqen-Xigaze region, NE extending Yangbajain region and E-W extending Lhasa-Gongbogyamda region. The gold and silver mineralized rocks and ores may have been slightly denuded in the west of the middle Gangdise block, and the denudation in the east, however, may be stronger. The primary gold and silver prospect in the west may be better than in the east.

     

一次暴雨与特大暴雪并存的华北强降水过程分析

应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2012年11月3—4日华北地区产生大范围雨雪天气的成因和降水相态进行分析。结果表明:深厚的低涡和地面气旋是本次过程的直接影响系统,东南风低空急流带来东部海上的充沛水汽,使得暴雨雪区整层大气可降水量远高于当月平均值;低涡和气旋等低层辐合系统与高空辐散叠置,为强雨雪天气提供了持久强烈的上升运动,暴雨区、暴雪区分别为对流不稳定、条件性对称不稳定大气层结,而锋生作用更有利于暴雪产生;雪花形成和增长的环境条件与雪花下降过程是否融化在判断降水相态方面同等重要,二者兼具才能保证地面降雪的出现。     

Nitrate vertical transport and simulation in soils of rocky desertification in Karst regions,Southwest China

The characteristics of nitrate vertical transport in soils collected from Libo and Puding in Guizhou Province were studied by simulating soil column in laboratory. The results were as follows: (1) Vertical transport velocity of nitrate decreased, and the breakthrough curves (BTCs) of nitrate were more dispersed, in each horizon from surface layer to bottom layer in every soil profile. As rocky desertification progressed, the BTCs experienced a gentle up and down trend, and tailing was more obvious. (2) An analytical solute transport model (CXTFIT 2.0) was used to estimate nitrate dispersion coefficient (D) and average pore water velocity (V) from the observed BTCs. The results showed that CXTFIT 2.0 model was suitable in fitting the nitrate transport in these soils. The dispersion coefficient was found to be a function of average pore water velocity. (3) The transport of nitrate was mainly affected by the soil structural coefficient. As soil structural coefficient decreased, nitrate outflow was retarded, and the peak concentration was reduced. Soil bulk density, organic matter, and clay also affected the vertical transport of nitrate. Low bulk density, clay content, and high organic matter content were each associated with faster nitrate transport.     

Regional tectonic deformation setting before the Ms8.1 earthquake in the west of the Kunlun Mountains Pass

This paper gives a preliminarily study of the regional tectonic deformation setting before the M_s8.1 earthquake that occurred in the west of the Kunlun Mountains Pass; in the study, the data of the velocity field of crustal horizontal movement during 1991-2000 observed by GPS in and around the Qinghai-Tibet block and those of gravity reiteration in 1998 and 2000 were used. Analysis shows that the preparation and occurrence of this large earthquake are related to the horizontal movement and deformation setting in a large region and might be attributed to the block activity on a relatively large scale. Within the Qinghai-Tibet block, the region of left-lateral shear deformation is of a very large extent. This large earthquake occurred right in such a place where the left-lateral shear strain along the fault strike had the highest rate and the planar dilatation strain was tensile, which was on the margin of negative value region of abnormal gravity variation. The regional tectonic deformation setting can help the huge left-lateral strike-slip rupture to develop.

     

Development on management and sharing of data collected in Chinese Antarctic and Arctic Research Expeditions

Combined with the current status of Antarctic data management and the characteristics of polar science data resulted from Chinese Antarctic and Arctic Research Expeditions, the Chinese Polar Science Database System(CPSDS) has been designed and established in 2002. The infrastructure, technical standard, mechanism of sharing data of this system are reviewed in this article. Meanwhile, the development of Chinese polar data management is summarized. As the metadata is the powerful and useful tool for managing and disseminating scientific data, the metadata is also used as “search engine“ of CPSDS. Besides, the trend of data management and sharing is also discussed.