河东煤田三交区块水文地质条件控气的正负耦合效应

煤层气的开采受多种地质因素的影响,不同区块的主控因素各不相同.山西河东煤田三交区块构造简单,煤岩渗透率和临储比相对其他区块较优,含气性良好,是煤层气开采的优势区块,但是区内不同气井产气量却相差很大.结合现场排采井采出水的水质分析实验与stiff图解法,综合分析各种地质因素,认为水文条件是该区块控气的主要因素,且水文地质控气存在着正负效应耦合的特殊性,合理分析水文地质特征是成功开采煤层气的关键所在.     

Fault-Growth Pattern of the South Margin Normal Fault of the Yuguang Basin in Northwest Beijing and its Influencing Factors

Based on high-resolution remote sensing image interpretation, digital elevation model 3-D analysis, field geologic field investigation, trenching engineering, and ground-penetrating radar, synthetic research on the evolution of the Yuguang Basin South Margin Fault (YBSMF) in northwest Beijing was carried out. We found that the propagation and growth of faults most often occurred often at two locations: the fault overlapping zone and the uneven or rough fault segment. Through detailed observation and analysis of all cropouts of faults along the YBSMF from zone a to zone i, we identified three major factors that dominate or affect fault propagation and growth. First, the irregularity of fault geometry determine the propagation and growth of the fault, and therefore, the faults always propagate and grow at such irregular fault segments. The fault finally cuts off and eliminates its irregularity, making the fault geometry and fault plane smoother than before, which contributes to the slipping movement of the half-graben block in the basin. Second, the scale of the irregularity of the fault geometry affects the result of fault propagation and growth, that is, the degree of the cutting off of fault irregularity. The degree of cutting off decreases as irregularity scale increases. Third, the maximum possible slip displacement of the fault segment influences the duration of fault propagation and growth. The duration at the central segments with a large slip displacement is longer than that at the end segments with a smaller slippage value.     

ADS40地面数据处理的数据流分析

线阵CCD推扫式数字航测相机ADS40系统的引进为我国数字航空摄影测量提供了新型的数据源。对ADS40数据特点进行分析,在对数据处理软件功能测试的基础上形成了地面数据处理的数据流图,并成功用于指导相应实验测区的测绘任务。完备、正确的数据流图为ADS40作业流程的制订提供了基础和依据。     

汪家寨煤矿煤与瓦斯突出规律及其主控因素分析

汪家寨煤矿是严重的煤与瓦斯突出矿井,依据矿区实际瓦斯地质资料,运用瓦斯地质理论和构造演化理论,研究了区域和井田构造控制特征。分析认为该矿主要以中小型突出、倾出为主,压出为辅;随煤层埋深的增加突出强度增大;C409煤突出最为严重;突出多发生在煤巷掘进面及断层影响带。分析了埋藏深度、顶底板岩性、煤厚及其变化、软分层、地质构造等因素对煤矿煤与瓦斯突出的影响,认为断层及其影响带、厚煤尤其是其增厚部位是煤与瓦斯突出的易发区域,因此断层构造和煤层厚度及其变化控制着该矿突出的发生和分布规律,为煤与瓦斯突出的主控因素。研究成果为矿井突出防治工作提供了理论指导。     

Quantifying contributions of climate feedbacks to tropospheric warming in the NCAR CCSM3.0

In this study, a coupled atmosphere-surface “climate feedback-response analysis method” (CFRAM) was applied to the slab ocean model version of the NCAR CCSM3.0 to understand the tropospheric warming due to a doubling of CO₂ concentration through quantifying the contributions of each climate feedback process. It is shown that the tropospheric warming displays distinct meridional and vertical patterns that are in a good agreement with the multi-model mean projection from the IPCC AR4. In the tropics, the warming in the upper troposphere is stronger than in the lower troposphere, leading to a decrease in temperature lapse rate, whereas in high latitudes the opposite it true. In terms of meridional contrast, the lower tropospheric warming in the tropics is weaker than that in high latitudes, resulting in a weakened meridional temperature gradient. In the upper troposphere the meridional temperature gradient is enhanced due to much stronger warming in the tropics than in high latitudes. Using the CFRAM method, we analyzed both radiative feedbacks, which have been emphasized in previous climate feedback analysis, and non-radiative feedbacks. It is shown that non-radiative (radiative) feedbacks are the major contributors to the temperature lapse rate decrease (increase) in the tropical (polar) region. Atmospheric convection is the leading contributor to temperature lapse rate decrease in the tropics. The cloud feedback also has non-negligible contributions. In the polar region, water vapor feedback is the main contributor to the temperature lapse rate increase, followed by albedo feedback and CO₂ forcing. The decrease of meridional temperature gradient in the lower troposphere is mainly due to strong cooling from convection and cloud feedback in the tropics and the strong warming from albedo feedback in the polar region. The strengthening of meridional temperature gradient in the upper troposphere can be attributed to the warming associated with convection and cloud feedback in the tropics. Since convection is the leading contributor to the warming differences between tropical lower and upper troposphere, and between the tropical and polar regions, this study indicates that tropical convection plays a critical role in determining the climate sensitivity. In addition, the CFRAM analysis shows that convective process and water vapor feedback are the two major contributors to the tropical upper troposphere temperature change, indicating that the excessive upper tropospheric warming in the IPCC AR4 models may be due to overestimated warming from convective process or underestimated cooling due to water vapor feedback.     

北京区域成矿规律综述

2013～2019年开展的"中国矿产地质志·北京卷"项目是全面总结北京地区现代地质矿产工作,特别是新中国成立以来北京地区矿产勘查与研究成果,旨在全面反映北京市矿产全貌及重要成矿规律。本文是对该项工作部分成果的概括总结。系统收集了北京市铁、金、煤、石灰岩等各类矿产资料,划分了矿种矿床类型,重点对铁、金、煤、石灰岩等矿种成矿地质特征进行了阐述。在全国Ⅰ-Ⅲ级成矿区带划分基础上,结合北京市地质构造演化和成矿特点,提出北京市区域成矿区带划分方案,划分了怀柔北金萤石成矿区、八达岭金铜钼铅锌成矿区、京西煤石灰岩成矿区、密云-怀柔铁金成矿区、密云-平谷金石灰岩成矿区5个Ⅴ级成矿区,总结了不同区带各矿种规律特征。从矿产时空演化、岩浆岩控矿、构造控矿角度进行了区域成矿规律总结,提升了北京地区矿产地质研究水平,填补了北京区域成矿规律多矿种综合性研究的空白。     

青海柴达木盆地马海凹陷冷湖地区古—新近系泥岩地球化学特征及物源区性质

为了明确柴达木盆地马海凹陷沉积物物源的演化过程,以古—新近系泥岩的主要元素、微量元素和稀土元素测试数据为基础,采用数值对比及判别图解等方法对研究区物源性质、构造背景和古气候特征进行了深入研究。稀土元素分布配分形式显示轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素则较平稳,Eu出现负异常的特征。V/(V+Ni),Ce/La比值及Ce_(anom)表明古环境处于缺氧环境;构造背景图解La/Yb-∑REE,La/Sc-Co/Th,K_2O/Na_2O-Si O_2/Al_2O_3,La-Th-Sc,Th-Sc-Zr/10表明马海凹陷冷湖地区泥岩处于活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧环境;母岩物源复杂,岩性为长英质火山岩和铁镁质岩均可见;古气候指标CAI及Sr/Cu比值反映了源区古气候主要为干热气候或构造活动区,风化程度较弱。     

扬子西缘江浪穹窿核部里伍岩群的形成时代及构造背景

江浪穹窿位于扬子陆块西缘,核部地层里伍岩群为一套变质的火山-沉积岩系。为精确厘定里伍岩群的形成时代并探讨其成岩构造背景,本文进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学以及岩石地球化学研究。定年结果表明变沉积岩中碎屑锆石年龄介于2521~262 Ma,其中最年轻一组岩浆成因锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为552.8±5.7 Ma(MSWD=2.1,n=6)。变沉积岩SiO_2含量变化很大(53.48%~96.08%),显示明显的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.50~0.67),相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba和U等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti等),其稀土、微量配分模式与大陆上地壳完全一致。变基性火山岩具有很低的SiO_2含量(39.92%~48.27%),其稀土、微量配分模式平坦,类似于E-MORB。结合变基性火山岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果(542±9.0 Ma),本文指出里伍岩群应当形成于新元古代晚期(553~542 Ma),而并非前人所认为的古元古代或中元古代。变沉积岩的物源区主要为扬子西缘新元古代地质体,与变基性火山岩均形成于Gondwana超大陆聚合之后的板片俯冲环境。此外,碎屑锆石的年龄谱反映江浪穹窿可能存在太古宙—古元古代变质基底,并且具有Rodinia超大陆的会聚-裂解事件以及加里东运动的地质年龄记录。     

基于经验模式分解的希尔伯特变换包络提取在机械故障诊断中的应用

本文采用经验模式分解 (EMD)提取信号的内在模函数 (IMF) ,并利用希尔伯特变换对所得IMF进行包络分析 ,提取机械故障特征。与直接对原信号进行包络分析相比较 ,该方法提取的机械故障特征更明显。数值模拟和对故障轴承振动信号分析表明了该方法的有效性。