个旧锡矿锡石的矿物学研究

对个旧锡矿床的块状硫化物型、电气石细脉带型、含锡白云岩型、层间氧化矿型矿床中的锡石晶体运用扫描电镜、阴极发光成像技术、X-射线粉晶衍射、电子探针等试验开展了矿物学的系统研究.结果表明从块状硫化物型→电气石细脉带型→含锡白云岩型→层间氧化矿型矿床中的锡石有如下特征或变化规律:①颗粒体积依次变小.②深色的锡石到浅色锡石晶胞参数变大,c:a值变小.③锡石晶体单型组合共有7种,单型从{111}锥面发育逐渐向{110}柱面发育.④锡石内部环带从均匀发育到不发育.以上特征均指示了4种矿床类型中锡石的形成温度依次降低.根据CL阴极发光下锡石亮度的差异,判断块状硫化物型、电气石细脉带型、含锡白云岩型矿床中锡石存在2个形成期次,认为此3类矿床在早阶段高温热液流体活动与早期锡石结晶作用有关,晚阶段低温热液流体活动与晚期锡石结晶作用有关.而层间氧化矿型矿床中的锡石具备悬浮在流体中生成的特征,可能为被流体搬运沉积形成,认为此矿床为重泥质沉积成因.     

基于FAI-L方法的巢湖水域藻华提取方法研究

近年来随着人类的活动日益加剧,水体富营养化问题已经严重威胁到湖泊生态安全。为了快速并准确地获取藻华爆发的范围,本文提出浮游藻类指数线性拟合模型（FAI linear fitting model, FAI-L）。在以往的研究中,NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index)已经广泛应用于藻华的识别中,且采用坡度计算获取NDVI阈值的方法也得到验证,相对于NDVI,FAI对环境条件的改变敏感度较低,且由于FAI增加了短红外波段,能够有效地降低部分大气和薄云的影响,对藻华的识别有较高的精度,但是FAI识别藻华的阈值如何确定的问题没有有效的解决办法。本文通过建立NDVI与FAI的线性拟合方程,利用NDVI阈值确定FAI阈值,能够有效地解决FAI阈值确定问题。通过Landsat8和Sentinel-2的提取结果显示：（1）FAI-L相对于NDVI提取结果在精度上有较大提升。采用该方法对于Landsat8影像的藻华提取精度为97.16%,相对于NDVI的提取精度（91.72%）提高了5.44%。（2）以Sentinel-2数据为基础探究FAI-L的适用性情...     

南海北部沉积物特征及其对珠江演变的响应

采用沉积地球化学、沉积物矿物成分分析等手段研究发现,自渐新世以来,南海北部沉积物成分具有阶段性改变的特征.在早渐新世,沉积物反映出其母岩以花岗岩和区域变质岩为主;到晚渐新世,母岩中区域变质岩类型消失,而以花岗岩、沉积岩和接触变质岩为特征;进入中新世,沉积物主要反映出碳酸盐岩等沉积岩为主的源区特点.这种沉积物成分演变特征与南海北部盆地基底及珠江流域不同区域物质组成特征极为一致,反映出珠江流域演化与南海北部沉积充填之间的对应关系.因此,通过这种研究方法,可以更好地理解32Ma以来南海北部沉积物成分发生改变的原因.同时,可以通过对比南海北部古珠江来源沉积物各时期的成分特点,建立珠江流域的侵蚀-搬运-沉积过程,探讨珠江流域演化历史.     

基于闪电定位数据的鲁西南地区雷电灾害易损度区划

为了明确不同县区雷电灾害风险的高低,防御和减轻雷电灾害,利用鲁西南地区闪电定位资料、土壤电阻率数据、经济社会数据,选取地闪密度、强雷电流分布、土壤电阻率、人口密度、单位面积GDP为影响因子,采用层次分析法和加权综合评价法,建立雷电灾害易损度区划模型,以县区为单位,将该地区雷电灾害易损度区划为5个等级,绘制区划图,并利用历史雷灾频次对区划结论进行检验。结果表明:地闪密度高值区位于曹县和东明,这两个县区的雷电灾害易损度最高;郓城和牡丹区的强雷电流分布密度大,易损度次高;巨野和定陶的易损度居中;鄄城的地闪密度最小,成武的土壤电阻率和人口密度较低,两者划为易损度次低区;单县由于强雷电流分布密度最低,划为易损度低风险区。易损度和历史雷灾数据正相关,且相关性较好,密切程度较高,回归显著。     

Global correlation for strontium isotope curve in the Late Cretaceous of Tibet and dating marine sediments

87Sr/86Sr ratios of marine carbonate samples collected from a sedimentary section of the Late Cretaceous in the south of Tibet were measured. Based on the absence of cathodo-luminescence and a very low Mn/Sr ratio (average 0.06) of the samples, it is thought that they contain information on the original seawater strontium isotope composition. The strontium isotope evolution curve of the Late Cretaceous in Tibet we established here, is consistent with other coeval curves from Europe, North America and Antarctica, supports the notion that the strontium isotope composition of seawater is governed by global events, which provides a new approach for the inter-continental and inter-basinal correlations of Late Cretaceous in the area and is a complementarity for biostratigraphy. In addition, we attempt to determine the age of the boundaries for Campanian/Santonian and Maastrichtian/Campanian by 87Sr/86Sr ratios for Gamba section in southern Tibet. The two boundaries are located in the thickness of 217 m (83.5 M     

Temporal and spatial evolution of a deep-reaching anticyclonic eddy in the South China Sea

The temporal and spatial evolution of a deep-reaching anticyclonic eddy(AE) is studied using a combination of satellite measurements, moored observations and ocean model reanalysis data in the South China Sea(SCS). Three evolutionary stages in eddy's lifecycle are identified from changes in eddy dynamical characteristics estimated from satellite altimetry: birth(22 days), growth(64 days), and decay(47 days). Similar patterns are also distinguished from dynamic signals in HYCOM.Further, flows reversal and upwelling of cold water below 1500 m were captured by the in-situ records when this energetic,highly nonlinear and long-lived(over 19 weeks) AE passed by our mooring position. Its detailed vertical structure is examined through temperature anomalies, vertical shear of horizontal velocities, and horizontal streamlines estimated from ocean model reanalysis data. Results from the model reveal a mesoscale AE with first-mode baroclinic structure: a bowl-shaped anticyclonic flow in the upper ocean connected to a slant-cylinder cyclonic flow at depth, with a transition layer at depths between 400 and 700 m. It is in good agreement with moored observations but showing a shallower transition depth, suggesting a slight deficiency in the model due to limited deep-sea observations. Last, we estimate eddy heat transport at different depths and stages along the AE's path based on the model data. The result reveals that pronounced heat fluxes occur during growth stage(depths 400 m),counting for 73.03% of the total value. In the decay stage, major heat transport occurs at deeper depth(depths 700–1500 m).Dynamical characteristics suggest that the vertical structure and temporal evolution of the eddy play significant roles in basinscale movement and heat transferring. Considering that mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous in the SCS, our results support a recently-proposed mechanism, whereby upper ocean flows produce changes in the deep-sea circulation, potentially influencing boundary layer dynamics. For the first time to track and link an individual AE observed by satellite altimetry and ocean model,comparisons indicate that assimilative HYCOM outputs may be useful for examining the deep ocean properties within the SCS,especially under the impact of such an intensified surface-detected eddy.     

超高压变质岩中柯石英→石英相变研究的进展

柯石英是石英的高压同质多相变体，是超高压变质作用的产物，它是识别超高压变质作用的重要标志矿物。柯石英的发现表明了近地表的岩石随板块运动曾被俯冲至地下大于90km的深度并经受了超高压变质作用。研究柯石英→石英相变过程中的微结构变化，对进一步研究超高压变质作用的机理及超高压变质岩折返过程的动力学机制具有重要意义。本文简述了近年来有关超高压变质岩中柯石英→石英相变研究的一些进展。     

南海北部深水区沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源指示意义

对南海北部白云深水区沉积物稀土元素的研究表明,渐新世至中新世的物源发生较大变化。渐新世时期,白云深水区不同区域稀土元素的分布特征差异明显,表明沉积物物源不同。深水区北部沉积物主要来自古珠江物源区,深水区东、西部沉积物中含有较多中基性火山物质,南部则主要包含基性火山物质,说明当时南海北部地区构造活动较强,存在较多火山活动,火山活动由北向南基性成分增多。渐新世末的白云运动使南海北部深水区产生强烈持续沉降,造成陆架坡折带北移,白云深水区从渐新世浅海陆架环境演化为中新世陆坡深水环境,中新世期间沉积物主要来自深水区北部的珠江三角洲物源,深水区东部存在东沙隆起源区,而深水区南部沉积物在中新世仍受到基性火山活动的影响。     

胶东地热田地热流体的补径排特征——以招远东汤地热田为例

招远东汤地热田是胶东现有16处天然温泉典型之一,以东汤地热田为例,剖析胶东地热田的补径排特征,对胶东各地热田的资源评价及开发利用具有重要的现实意义。该文通过地热地质条件综合分析、地热流体与基岩水及第四系水水化学成分对比、D,18O同位素分析、模型概化等手段综合研究,认为东汤地热田主要受招平断裂带与玲珑断裂带的控制,其复合部位为地热流体入渗、深循环的主径流通道。地热流体的Cl-,F-,Ba2+,Li-,Sr2+,H2Si O3等离子及TDS含量明显高于其周边的水体,且随第四系水、基岩水及地热流体埋藏深度的增加,其δD与δ18O值逐渐偏负,确定地热流体与其周边的水体并无水力联系;通过地热流体D,18O同位素与大气降雨线的关系,得出地热流体补给来源于大气降雨。由D同位素高程效应,算得地热流体补给高程为314～414 m左右,结合招平断裂与玲珑断裂的复合部位延伸方向,确定地热田的主要补给区为距离地热田东北方向15 km的双顶山山区。该文补径排特征的研究,对胶东其他天然温泉的补径排特征及补给区的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

人工越冬对虾体内寄生纤毛虫病的研究

本文报道了中国对虾越冬亲虾体内寄生纤毛虫病的发病机制、病理组织及防治方法。试验结果表明：虾体表损伤是致病的主要原因。纤毛虫通过伤口进入虾体内，寄生于心脏血淋巴，吞噬血细胞，破坏组织尤其是鳃组织。致使组织机构损伤，缺血、变性，对虾呼吸困难，贫血、窒息而死，防止对虾体表受伤是预防该病的唯一途径。一些外用消毒剂如福尔马林、孔雀绿等对该病有预防作用。