Dynamics of the soil water and solute in the sodic saline soil in the Songnen Plain,China

According to the field experiment in the sodic saline soil region in the Songnen Plain, the dynamics of the soil water and solute affected by the shallow groundwater were explored during the growing season in 2004. The results presented that, influenced by the strongly evaporative demand, the soil water tended to transport to the upper soil layer with salt. The layered soil water balance model (LSWB model) revealed that the ratio of the water exchange between the groundwater and upper layer of the soil was 11.7:1. The groundwater discharge was 53.86 mm, but the groundwater recharge from the upper layer of soil was only 5.04 mm from 11 July to 06 September, which indicated that the groundwater could discharge to upper layer of soil and influence the soil salinization through capillary rise. The observed values of the salt content from July to mid-October presented that the soil solute was more changeable influenced by the climatic condition at 30 cm depth. As the field saturated hydraulic conductivity was low, the salts mainly accumulated in about 50–70 cm depth soil layer and hardly leached into deeper soil layer. Furthermore, the salt content was mainly controlled by the groundwater in the subsoil below 100 cm depth, the salt content decreased with the groundwater level receding. As influenced by the shallow groundwater and freeze-thaw action, further studies should be performed on the mechanism of soil salinization in the sodic saline soil region in the Songnen Plain of China.     

某工程地基软弱夹层的补强设计与检测

对于地基主要受力层范围内局部存在软弱夹层的复杂地质条件,通常的处理方法或挖除换填或采用复合地基,针对具体工程探讨了的不同补强处理设计和施工方法的适用性,利用以往的研究成果,提出了按沉降控制进行补强设计的新思路,并针对处理后的深层复合土层不便直观和开挖检验的难题,结合多道瞬态面波法检验补强加固效果,实现了预期的目的,为类似工程实践提供了有益的借鉴。     

Low-mature gases and their resource potentiality

In the 80’s of last century, based on the advances in natural gas exploration practice, the concepts of bio-thermocatalytic transitional-zone gas and early thermogenetic gas were proposed, and the lower limit Ro values for the formation and accumulation of thermogenetic natural gases of industrial importance have been extended to 0.3%–0.4%. In accordance with the two-stage model established on the basis of carbon isotope fractionation involved in the formation of coal-type natural gases, the upper limit Ro ...     

洛阳地震台面波震级的偏差研究

利用洛阳地震台1985 ～ 2003 年记录的1755 个地震的面波资料,采用与国家地震台网中心相同的面波震级公式,研究了该台测定的面波震级与国家地震台网中心测定面波震级之间的偏差。结果表明,洛阳地震台测定面波震级的偏差与震中距之间有明显的相关性,在1°≤Δ≤130°范围内面波震级由偏小0. 1 逐渐变化到偏大,Δ≥20°时偏大0. 2 ～ 0. 3;在130° ＜ Δ≤180°范围内偏大0. 2。     

北斗卫星通信在强震动台网数据传输中的应用

北斗卫星系统是中国正在实施的自主研发、独立运行的卫星定位与通信系统.因其具有短报文通信功能,进行相应的软硬件开发,可以用于传输包括烈度在内的强震动台网观测数据.通过北斗卫星传输烈度速报的性能测试和在芦山7.0级大地震中的实际应用效果,对北斗卫星系统目前在强震动台网数据传输中的应用方式和效能进行介绍.     

新疆及哈萨克斯坦地下流体氦气震兆特征

分析新疆10泉、04泉及哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔—阿拉善4井、下卡姆卡井氦气(He)含量变化的源兆、场兆、远兆的映震特征,地震前兆异常表现为:上升(或下降)幅度、速率变化超出正常范围,具有较好的重复性,测值遵循背景值—趋势性上升(或突升)—恢复至背景值;趋势性下降(或突降)—恢复至背景值的变化过程.各监测点氦气异常形态、异常持续时间、异常幅度同源兆、场兆、大震远兆没有明显的关系;由于各观测点的水文地质条件和地球化学环境不同,不同监测点氦气映震能力有较大差异,其中新10号泉和卡帕尔—阿拉善4井氦气的映震能力较强.     

Combined GPS/GLONASS precise positioning for long-distance baselines

Combined GPS/GLONASS can increase the accuracy and reliability of positioning especially in some applications with many impediments. Due to the atmosphere delay, the commonly used methods for processing short distance baselines can not be implemented in long distance baselines. In this paper, a new data processing strategy for long distance baselines is proposed, which uses the properties of some combination observables of combined GPS/GLONASS and distance baselines may come to the order of 10?8 and combined GPS/GLONASS improves the accuracy over that of GPS-only positioning, which brings benefit to crust deformation monitoring and research on geodynamics.     

注聚调驱井聚合物堵塞物的矿物复合结构形貌及组成特征

胜利油田渤19区块注交联聚合物开采多年后,因注入水的水质不达标导致聚合物过度交联形成强凝胶,造成聚合物注入区块许多油水井的堵塞。对现场聚合物垢样品所做的化学组分、表面元素能谱及红外光谱的研究表明,垢的主体结构由交联的聚丙烯酰胺组成,交联体吸收了大量水分,在交联体内小环境中因富集而形成氯化物矿物晶体无机垢结构,而在成垢的过程中又将地层内的一些粘土矿物包裹于交联体内,形成具有聚合物-矿物复合结构的强胶凝态物质,严重影响聚合物注入—调剖—驱油过程中的聚合物溶液的流动。     

水力类泥石流冲出规模模拟实验

在物源条件一定的情况下,通过实验模拟,研究水力类泥石流在不同流速、流量和纵比降组合条件下的沟道启动、揭底机理和运动特征。用Herschel-ulkley模型分析泥石流运动时的受力情况,整理实验数据获得侵蚀高度与纵比降的关系和流量与揭底距离的关系。     

西南某水电站坝基岩体质量分级研究

坝基岩体质量分级关系到大坝工程的安全性和经济性.通过对坝基岩体质量分级要素及各要素之间的联系进行研究,得出岩体分级各要素界限指标的对应值.在此基础上提出适用于本工程坝基岩体质量分级的单因素和双因素标准.并应用此标准对该坝基进行岩体质量分级.