东平-汶上铁成矿带西侧低缓磁异常区找矿前景分析

梁山东丁庄铁矿位于东平-汶上铁成矿带西侧的低缓磁异常区,为区内新发现的沉积变质型铁矿床。通过1∶1万高精度磁法面积测量工作,在区内圈定3个磁异常,并进行钻探验证,证实其中2个为隐伏磁铁矿体引起,矿体赋存于泰山岩群山草峪组中。通过研究矿体的地质特征、磁异常特征,并与区域铁矿成矿条件对比分析,认为区内矿致磁异常特征一般表现为在数十纳特的平缓背景场基础上,突然升高至数百纳特的相对高值异常,具突变特征。该类异常一般呈NW走向,与东平-汶上铁成矿带走向基本一致,其形态一般呈规则的长条带状、椭圆状或串珠状。区域上存在较多与研究区具有相似特征的低缓磁异常,且具备有利的成矿地层条件,因此认为区域上低缓磁异常区具有较大的找矿潜力,找矿前景良好。     

山东蓬莱沿海鱼类的初步调查

１９９３年７月至１９９８年８月对蓬莱沿海定置网渔获的鱼类进行初步调查,结果表明,蓬莱沿海鱼类共有１３７种,分别隶属于５９科１０８属。根据其适温类型可分为暖水性鱼类３４种,占总数的２４．８２％;暖温性鱼类８３种,占总数的６０．５８％;冷温性鱼类２０种,占总数的１４．６０％。根据食性类型,可分为３类,其中游泳动物食性的鱼类３６种,占总数的２６．２８％;浮游动物食性有２２种,占总数的１６．０６％;底栖动物食性７９种,占总数的５７．６６％．从栖息生境的多样性来看,可分为中上层鱼类３８种,占总数的２７．７４％;近底层鱼类２５种,占总数的１８．２５％;底层鱼类６４种,占总数的４６．７１％;岩礁性鱼类１０种,占总数的７．３０％。并就渔业开发与保护提出了建议。     

基于遥感和GIS的建筑物震害损失评估方法研究与实现

介绍了一种使用遥感技术进行震后损失快速评估的方法,评估流程包括震害提取和损失评估两个部分。评估方式根据需求可以分为基于震害指数的评估和基于图像分类结果的评估两种模式,前者通过震害指数与烈度的关系得到地面居民住地的宏观震害情况,结合地震应急数据进行建筑物损失评估;后者采用图像处理技术,选取典型震害样本以图像分类技术得到地面居民住地的分级分类的震害结果,然后计算参数进行损失评估。损失评估的计算根据震害提取模式而不同。这种遥感震害评估方法和计算流程结合了遥感和GIS技术,以满足实际工作需求目标,提高了震害提取的自动化程度,实现多人工作模式,通过有效率的人机交互来提高遥感震害评估的速度。     

水声环境资料质量检核评估标准规范研究

为规范水声环境资料质量检核评估工作,开展了水声环境资料质量检核评估标准规范研究,参照水声环境数据后期处理一般程序,梳理分析了原始数据、处理算法、模型运用及处理流程等数据质量误差来源;结合标准化水声环境资料处理程序及成果形式,研究了数据及数据处理全流程检核评估方法,给出数据文件、处理代码及配套文档资料应包含的内容及检查方...     

Selection of sand models and identification of parameters using an enhanced genetic algorithm

Numerous constitutive models of granular soils have been developed during the last few decades. As a consequence, how to select an appropriate model with the necessary features based on conventional tests and with an easy way of identifying parameters for geotechnical applications has become a major issue. This paper aims to discuss the selection of sand models and parameters identification by using genetic algorithm. A real‐coded genetic algorithm is enhanced for the optimization with high efficiency. Models with gradually varying features (elastic‐perfectly plastic modelling, nonlinear stress–strain hardening, critical state concept and two‐surface concept) are selected from numerous sand models as examples for optimization. Conventional triaxial tests on Hostun sand are selected as the objectives in the optimization. Four key points are then discussed in turn: (i) which features are necessary to be accounted for in constitutive modelling of sand; (ii) which type of tests (drained and/or undrained) should be selected for an optimal identification of parameters; (iii) what is the minimum number of tests that should be selected for parameter identification; and (iv) what is the suitable and least strain level of objective tests to obtain reliable and reasonable parameters. Finally, a useful guide, based on all comparisons, is provided at the end of the discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rate and historical change of direct recharge from precipitation constrained by unsaturated zone profiles of chloride and oxygen‐18 in dry river bed of North China Plain

Quantifying of direct recharge derived from precipitation is crucial for assessing sustainability of well‐irrigated agriculture. In the North China Plain, the land use is dominated by groundwater‐irrigated farmland where the direct recharge derived from precipitation and irrigation. To characterize the mean rate and historical variance of direct recharge derived from precipitation, unsaturated zone profiles of chloride and δ¹⁸O in the dry river bed of the Beiyishui River were employed. The results show that archival time scale of the profile covers the duration from 1980 to 2002 (corresponding to depths from 5 to 2 m) which is indicated by matching the δ¹⁸O peaks in the isotope profile with the aridity indexes gained by instrumental records of annual precipitation and annual potential evaporation. Using the chloride mass balance method, the mean rate of the direct recharge corresponding to the archival time scale is estimated to be 3·8 ± 0·8 mm year^?1, which accounts for about 0·7% of the long‐term average annual precipitation. Further, the direct recharge rates vary from 2·1 to 6·8 mm year^?1 since 1980. Despite the subhumid climate, the estimate of recharge rates is in line with other findings in semiarid regions. The low rate of direct recharge is considered as a result of the relative dry climate in recent decades. In dry river bed, unsaturated zone profiles of chloride and δ¹⁸O combined with instrumental records could offer valuable information about the direct recharge derived from precipitation during droughts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experiments on steady buoyancy transfer through turbulent fluid layers separated by density interfaces

A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate mixing across a density interface which separates two turbulent fluid layers and coexists with a stabilizing buoyancy flux. It was found that the buoyancy flux (q₀) across the interface and through the turbulent layers (of depth D) becomes steady and constant in magnitude in the vertical direction, only when , where u is the horizontal r.m.s. velocity at the base of the mixed layers. The results suggest that mixing across the density interface is controlled by a dynamically important buoyancy gradient induced in the turbulent layers and that parameters such as the bulk Richardson number, , where Δb is the interfacial buoyancy jump, are of secondary importance. Measurements are used to infer the mixing mechanism at the interface, the mixing efficiency of stratified fluids and the entrainment law. Some geophysical applications of the results are also discussed.     

El Chichón火山的太阳辐射效应

利用1964—1983年冬季无云条件下的太阳辐射资料分析发现,1982年3月底至4月初,墨西哥El Chichón(厄·奇冲)火山爆发后,对到达地球表面的太阳直接辐射、散射辐射以及总辐射产生了显著和持续的影响。这种影响特征与近百年来的几次巨大火山爆发所引起的辐射效应是一致的,这主要是因为火山气溶胶对太阳辐射的强大反向散射和吸收作用,改变了大气透明度所造成的。     

Generation of Hydrogen Gas as a Result of Drilling Within the Saturated Zone

Hydrogen gas was discovered within the steel casing above standing water in a percussion-drilled borehole on the Hanlord Site in south-central Washington state. In situ measurements of the borehole fluids indicated anoxic, low-Eh (<-400 mV) conditions. Ground water sampled from adjacent wells in the same formation indicated that the ground water was oxygenated. H₂ was generated during percussion drilling, due to the decomposition of borehole waters as a result of aqueous reactions with drilled sediment and steel from the drilling tools or casing. The generation of H₂ within percussion-drilled boreholes that extend below the water table may be more common than previously realized. The ambient concentration of H₂ produced during drilling was limited by microbial activity within the casing-resident fluids. H₂ was generated abiotically in the laboratory, whereby sterilized borehole slurry samples produced 100 times more H₂ than unsterilizcd samples. It appears that H₂ is metabolized by microorganisms and concentrations might be significantly greater if not for microbial metabolism.