新元古代地球气候研究进展

新元古代曾发生过强烈的全球性冰川作用,本文回顾了新元古代晚期全球性冰川作用存在的证据及其特点,论述了新元古代冰期产生的原因,综述了一些代表性的“雪球地球”模型并探讨了“雪球地球”对早期生物演化的影响,最后对未来“雪球地球”研究趋势进行了展望.     

川主寺尕里台滑坡形成机制分析

尕里台滑坡位于松潘县北西约39km,在哲波河上游尕里台支沟右岸Ⅰ级阶地边缘谷坡中下部,为体积约10×10^4m^3的中型滑坡。滑坡体在天然或暴雨状态下处于不稳定状态,现根据所掌握的资料,对滑坡形成机制进行分析。     

贵州锦屏新元古界青白口系下江群稀土、微量元素分布特征——探讨金的来源问题

贵州东南地区的新元古界下江群产大量的石英脉型金矿,有关金的矿源一直是争议的问题。通过对下江群逐层采样,进行微量、稀土元素测试,结果表明金主要在变余砂岩中富集,特别是在变余砂岩透镜体或板岩封闭的变余砂岩顶部是含金石英脉形成的部位。Au与Mn、Sr、Cu等成正相关,特别是Au与Mn呈显著的正相关,可能是Mn胶体对金具有显著的吸附作用,Mn含量高的层位金含量高。而Au与Hg、Ba、W、As呈弱的负相关性,Ti、Co与Au呈负相关性,说明Au与陆源物质没有关系。下江群中稀土配分非常类似,表明地层被后期热液充分混合作用,金往往在稀土含量较低的层位富集,说明流体运移到砂岩内,而砂岩中的石英对稀土有稀释作用。富含金的pq-15样品具有与下江群完全不同的稀土配分,其表明金的成矿物质可能除来源于下江群外,还有深部流体参与成矿。     

A Holocene climatic record denoted by geochemical indicators from Barkol Lake in the northeastern Xinjiang,NW China

The Barkol Lake, as a closed inland lake, is located at the northeast Xinjiang in northwest China. A combination of geochemical indicators including δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C of carbonate, TOC, carbonate contents, as well as grain size proxies and magnetic susceptibility of sediments obtained from a newly recovered section at this lake, provides a high-resolution history of climatic change in the past 9400 years. Multi-indicators reflect that Holocene climatic change in the study region generally follows the Westerly Wind pattern of Holocene, and three climatic periods can be identified. Between 9400 and 7500 cal a B.P., climate was characterized by relatively drier and colder condition. From 7500 to 5800 cal a B.P., a relatively warmer and moister climate prevailed, but between 5800 and 3500 cal a B.P., climate shifted towards warmer and drier conditions. A relatively colder and wetter climate prevailed during 3500∼1000 cal a B.P., then it changed towards cold and dry between 1000 and 500 cal a B.P.; after 500 cal a B.P., climate changed towards warm and dry conditions again. This study reflects that during the Middle Holocene (from ca 7000 to 3500 cal a B.P.), variations of carbonate δ¹⁸O of sediments from several lakes in the northern Xinjiang were synchronous with that of Qinghai Lake, where was strongly influenced by the South Asian monsoon; however, after 3500 cal a B.P. this consistency was interrupted, possibly resulting from a re-domination of the Westerly Wind and the retreat of South Asian monsoon in the northern Xinjiang.     

Hydrocarbon Generation Evolution of Permo-Carboniferous Rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China

<正>The Bohai Bay Basin is a Mesozoic subsidence and Cenozoic rift basin in the North China Craton.Since the deposition of the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock,the basin has undergone many tectonic events.The source rocks have undergone non-uniform uplift,twisting,deep burying,and magmatism and that led to an interrupted or stepwise during the evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks.We have investigated the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks history of burying,heating,and hydrocarbon generation,not only on the basis of tectonic disturbance and deeply buried but also with new studies on apatite fission track analysis,fluid inclusion measurements,and the application of the numerical simulation of EASY%R_o.The heating temperature of the source rocks continued to rise from the Indosinian to Himalayan stage and reached a maximum at the Late Himalayan.This led to the stepwise increases during organic maturation and multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation.The study delineated the tectonic stages, the intensity of hydrocarbon generation and spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbon generations.The hydrocarbon generation occurred during the Indosinian,Yanshanian,and particularly Late Himalayan.The hydrocarbon generation during the late Himalayan stage is the most important one for the Permo-Carboniferous source rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China.     

基于eSuperMap的自然地理实习数据采集与导航系统

针对传统自然地理实习技术手段落后、效率低下、数据采集困难等问题,利用eSuperMap嵌入式开发技术,结合自然地理实习的实际情况,开发出运行于智能终端的自然地理实习数据采集与导航系统,为自然地理实习中的数据采集与导航提供有效的辅助手段。应用实践表明,该系统能够提高实习质量,具有应用推广价值。     

用环境应力参数对云南地区进行地震短临跟综监视

利用云南区域台网数字化地震资料,直接用峰值速度估算环境应力参数的方法,实现了对云南及邻区环境应力场的短临实时跟综;获得了一大批中小地震的环境应力参数值;估算了云南不同地区长期环境应力场本底值。根据动态跟踪得出云南地区应力场强度在空间分布上是极不均匀的,总体表现出西部地区高、东部地区低的基本特征。从2002年9月～2003年2月,逐月对云南及邻区发生的M≥3．0级地震进行预测及检验,认为未来较大的地震容易发生在应力场强度较高的地区及其附近。     

城区机载LiDAR数据与航空影像的自动配准

为解决机载LiDAR数据与航空影像集成应用中二者的配准问题,提出了一种机载LiDAR数据与航空影像配准的方法。首先,直接在LiDAR点云中提取建筑物3维轮廓线,通过将轮廓线规则化得到由两条相互垂直的直线段组成的建筑物角特征,并在航空影像上提取直线特征;然后,根据影像初始外方位元素将建筑物角特征投影到航空影像上,并采用一定的相似性测度在影像上寻找同名的影像角特征;最后,将角特征的角点当作控制点,利用传统的摄影测量光束法区域网平差解求影像新的外方位元素。解算过程中采用循环迭代策略。本方法的主要特点是,直接从LiDAR点云中提取线特征,避免了常规方法从距离图(或强度图)中提取线特征所产生的内插误差。通过与现有基于点云强度图的配准方法的对比实验表明,在低精度初始外方位元素的辅助下,本文方法能够达到较高的配准精度。     

东秦岭杨斜-丰北河成矿带杨屋场钨(金)矿床地质特征及成因探讨

杨屋场小型钨（金）矿床位于东秦岭杨斜-丰北河金钨成矿带东段。通过野外调查、岩矿鉴定及综合研究,查明了该矿床的地质特征与控矿因素,探讨了矿床成因,初步建立其“三位一体”找矿预测模型,可为杨斜地区钨金找矿提供一定的借鉴。研究表明,矿体赋存于商丹断裂带内北东—北北东走向的缓倾断裂,围岩为新元古代杨斜片麻岩套。矿石金属矿物为黄铁矿、黑钨矿、白钨矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿及黝铜矿等中-高温组合。成矿过程包括热液成矿期与表生期,前者可划分为石英-细粒黄铁矿、石英-黑钨矿-白钨矿-多金属硫化物和石英-方解石-绢云母3个成矿阶段,围岩蚀变以硅化、黄铁矿化和白云母化为主。矿床的成矿作用受印支期花岗岩、断裂构造及围岩控制,成因应属于岩浆期后热液矿床。     

MODIS地表温度产品在青藏高原连续多年冻土区的适用性分析

利用自动气象站观测的长波辐射计算得到的地表温度对MODIS地表温度(LST)产品在青藏高原中部连续多年冻土区的精度进行验证, 并利用具有较高空间分辨率的Landsat 5 TM和Landsat 7 ETM+反演的地表温度与MODIS LST产品进行了对比分析. 结果表明: 白天MODIS LST产品的平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别约为3.42~4.41 ℃和4.41~5.29 ℃, 夜晚MODIS产品MAE和RMSE分别为2.15~2.90 ℃和3.05~3.78 ℃, 精度高于白天; MODIS LST与TM、ETM+反演的地表温度一致性较好, 相关系数分别达到0.85和0.95. 说明MODIS LST产品在连续多年冻土区的适用性较高, 是研究多年冻土地表热状况的一个非常好的数据源. 而且, 不同空间尺度的遥感数据之间一致性较好, 可考虑将多源遥感数据应用于多年冻土热状况监测研究.