播期对不同类型水稻生长及产量构成因素的影响

通过分期播种,研究了不同播期对水稻生长和产量的影响.通过测定不同播期水稻抽穗期和成熟期的叶绿素、可溶性糖和氮的质量分数,分析不同播期对水稻生长的影响.结果表明Ⅰ期为两优培九和6两优9386最适宜播期,Ⅱ期为Ⅱ优084最适宜播期.播期对水稻单株穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重均有影响,尤其是对两优培九的结实率、6两优9386的每穗粒数有显著影响.研究结果可为合理利用南方气候资源、合理安排播栽播期、提高水稻产量提供理论依据和技术指导.     

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乐清湾悬沙输移机制分析

以乐清湾海区特征测站实测资料为据,运用机制分解法将悬沙净输移通量分解成多个动力项并讨论不同区域悬沙输移的时空分布特征,认为潮泵输沙在湾内贡献均较大,在浅滩附近占明显优势,垂向净环流输沙在小潮期中,内湾作用显著,平流输沙在开阔水域及中湾深槽起主要作用.从余流分布、流速与含沙量的相位关系、垂向余流结构与悬沙浓度垂向梯度变化...     

塔里木河下游土壤水分和地下水位变化对植被的影响

Based on data collected over five years of monitoring the Lower Tarim River,we analyzed the variability of soil moisture content (SMC) and the relationship between SMC,groundwater table depth (GWD) and vegetation by using the methods of coefficient of variation (Cv),Pearson correlation and regression. The results of the variability of SMC indicate that it rose with increase in depth of soil layer -SMC in the soil layer of 0-60 cm was relatively small compared to SMC in the soil layer of 100-260 cm which showed a significant increase in variability. SMC and GWD before and after ecological water diversions exhibited significant differences at the site of the Yingsu transect and its vicinity of the watercourse,especially SMC in the soil layer of 100-260 cm increased significantly with a significant rise of GWD and reached maximum values at a GWD of about 4 m. Plant coverage and species diversity significantly improved with increases in SMC in the soil layer of 100-260 cm,both of them approached the maximum values and 92.3% of major plant species were able to grow when SMC was > 10%. To restore the ecosystem of desert riparian forest along the Lower Tarim River,the GWD must be maintained at < 4 m in the vicinity of the watercourse and at about 4 m for the rest of this arid region.     

The variation in soil moisture and the appropriate groundwater table for desert riparian forest along the Lower Tarim River

Based on data collected over five years of monitoring the Lower Tarim River, we analyzed the variability of soil moisture content (SMC) and the relationship between SMC, groundwater table depth (GWD) and vegetation by using the methods of coefficient of variation (Cv), Pearson correlation and regression. The results of the variability of SMC indicate that it rose with increase in depth of soil layer – SMC in the soil layer of 0–60 cm was relatively small compared to SMC in the soil layer of 100–260 cm which showed a significant increase in variability. SMC and GWD before and after ecological water diversions exhibited significant differences at the site of the Yingsu transect and its vicinity of the watercourse, especially SMC in the soil layer of 100–260 cm increased significantly with a significant rise of GWD and reached maximum values at a GWD of about 4 m. Plant coverage and species diversity significantly improved with increases in SMC in the soil layer of 100–260 cm, both of them approached the maximum values and 92.3% of major plant species were able to grow when SMC was > 10%. To restore the ecosystem of desert riparian forest along the Lower Tarim River, the GWD must be maintained at < 4 m in the vicinity of the watercourse and at about 4 m for the rest of this arid region.     

贵州秋绵雨的气候特征及异常成因浅析

利用贵州省83个气象观测站点1961—2021年逐日降水数据,定义贵州省单站秋绵雨过程,构建了综合考虑秋绵雨最长时段日数、其余时段累计日数、9—10月雨量占年雨量比例的秋绵雨综合强度评估指标,通过小波分析、突变分析、合成分析、相关分析等方法,对贵州秋绵雨的时空特征及其与北半球500 hPa高度场、全球海温场的关系进行了研究。结果表明：秋绵雨指数大致呈东北—西南向的条带状分布,自西北部向东南部递减;秋绵雨指数年际波动大,近61 a来以0.064/10a的速率呈下降趋势;秋绵雨指数EOF分析第1模态空间型表现为全区一致分布型,是贵州秋绵雨气候变率的主模态;贵州省秋绵雨存在2~4 a的年际变化周期;1997年为贵州秋绵雨突变点;重秋绵雨年500 hPa高度场欧亚大陆上空位势高度距平呈“北正南负”的距平分布,有利于北方冷空气南下,850 hPa距平风场南海及其周边地区为显著的反气旋性环流,加强了西南暖湿气流的输送;ENSO对贵州秋绵雨的影响是非对称的,当前期8月热带东太平洋偏暖、热带西太平洋偏冷时,对应El Niño年贵州秋绵雨偏重。     

日流量视角下铁路客运网络时空格局演变——以成渝地区双城经济圈为例

基于长时序列车时刻表数据,对成渝双城经济圈内铁路客运网络可达性、铁路日流量时空特征展开分析,采用社会网络分析对铁路客运网络展开研究。结果表明：① 成渝双城经济圈铁路客运网络发展经历了双城割裂、廊道构筑与网络完善3个阶段,可达性呈现出沿双城廊道收敛的“哑铃式”空间格局,运量主轴带集聚作用显著,呈由北向南转移态势;② 经济圈铁路客运组织模式由双核扩散转变为廊道集聚扩散;③ 双核凝聚子群范围不断扩大,经济圈铁路客运网络一体化水平大幅提升。     

Vegetation-related dry deposition of global PM2.5 from satellite observations

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Vegetation plays an important role in the dry deposition of particles with significant spatial variability, but the magnitude remains unclear at the global scale....     

温泉水库坝址区断裂活动性氡气测量成果分析评价

采用ＨＤＳ－１型快速数字闪烁测氡仪，对温泉水库坝址区活动断裂（带）或破碎带以及地震鼓包等进行了氡气测试。在计算与确定了氡含量、背景值、异常值及其背景值与异常值之差等有关数据资料的基础上，对１１条测氧剖面的成果进行了解释分析，从而判定出了隐伏活动断裂（带）或破碎带的空间分布位置，并分析评价了断裂（带）之间的相对活动强弱及其活动性。     

Changes in vegetation condition in areas with different gradients (1980–2010) on the Loess Plateau, China

This study characterized and compared changes in vegetation condition in areas with different gradients during the past three decades across the entire Loess Plateau. For this purpose, changes in vegetation type and vegetation coverage at sites with 0 – 15° and >15° slope gradients were determined by analyzing land use data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, respectively. The software Arc/Info 9.3, land use transformation matrix, linear regression analysis, and Mann–Kendall test were used for the data processing and analysis. Policy influences, human impacts, and climate variability were also taken into account to find the reasons for vegetation condition change. The results indicated that the “Grain-For-Green” project achieved initial success. Areas of farmland and grassland changed most extensively, and far greater areas of farmland were transformed into forest and grassland than vice versa. Moreover, the conversion of farmland to forest and grassland mainly occurred in areas where slopes exceeded 15°, while grassland was mainly changed to farmland in areas with gentle slopes. Vegetation coverage on the Loess Plateau exhibited overall increases after the implementation of “Grain-For-Green” project. Regions with sparse vegetation have declined sharply, mostly in steeply sloped areas. Vegetation coverage has increased significantly in most regions, particularly in the parts traversed by the principal sediment source of the Yellow River, which could help to control the severe soil and water losses. However, regions with sparse vegetation on the Loess Plateau still covered 71.1 % of the total area in 2010. Therefore, it is important to further increase vegetation coverage in the future.