南极纳尔逊冰缘沉积物元素地球化学特征及其化学风化作用研究

本文对西南极地区纳尔逊冰盖边缘N1沉积序列化学元素组成特征和风化作用地球化学过程进行了研究。结果表明:N1沉积序列中元素的组成与该地区玄武质火山岩的化学组成具有密切的关系,该序列沉积物是自然环境下风化的产物,因此本文分析样品元素的平均含量可以作为该地区冰缘沉积物的背景值;冰缘沉积物所记录的源区化学风化作用强度显得非常微弱,处于脱Ca、Mg、Na早期风化阶段,碎屑矿物的风化过程多处在蒙脱石阶段;沉积序列中元素的活动强度及其比值变化,反映了局部的风化作用强度不同和气候环境的变化。上述研究结果有助于进一步研究南极冰缘环境的演变。     

云南马厂箐斑岩型铜钼(金)矿床地质特征与矿床成因

滇西马厂箐铜钼(金)矿床是与喜马拉雅期富碱侵入岩体有成因联系的内生金属矿床.铜钼金成矿与马厂箐岩体空间上紧密相伴,时间上相近或稍晚.蚀变矿化和元素组合具有明显地分带性:岩体内发育斑岩型铜钼矿化,岩体与围岩接触带产出接触交代型铜钼(金)矿化,围岩地层中则产出浅成低温热液型金、银、铅锌矿化.铜钼矿化主要发育在石英钾长石绢云母化蚀变带中.这些不同成矿作用在时空上紧密共生,在矿化类型、蚀变类型和元素组合分布上连续递变,清晰地展现出成矿流体从岩浆中分凝出来并在向外运移的路径上淀积金属的图像.同位素地球化学研究表明,喜马拉雅期富碱侵入岩提供了成矿物质和成矿流体,铜钼金成矿属于同一个构造-岩浆-成矿系统在不同物理化学条件下的产物.受富碱侵入伴驱动,成矿作用由斑岩体内部向接触带和围岩地层推进,矿化类型、围岩蚀变和元素组合反映出成矿流体系统由高温向低温的演化趋势.     

川西南陆内俯冲造山带地质特征及金成矿作用

川西南地区北起青川,向南西至云南丽江发育着一条长达800余公里的燕山晚期-喜马拉雅期陆内俯冲造山带.其中央地带的地质构造特征主要表现为由主滑脱-俯冲带、超壳断裂和次级滑脱带组成的一套巨型推覆构造体系,伴随构造活动发育有从绿片岩相到角闪岩相的动力变质作用;仰冲块体地质构造特征主要表现为由前俯冲阶段的边缘海沉积物仰冲并褶皱变质形成复合山链,而在俯冲阶段则于山链间形成山间断陷盆地并接受磨拉石建造红层沉积.形成特征的岩浆活动分带;俯冲块体上则只有大型断陷盆地内的典型红色沉积,而不发育岩浆活动.陆内俯冲造山带的央央巨型推覆构造带和仰冲块体是金矿成矿的重要大地构造环境,形成了各具特色的金矿床.中央地带主要表现为断裂构造系统中不同层次、类型和性质的构造对金矿成矿的控制,矿床类型主要为蚀变岩型;在仰冲块体上,与复杂的构造-岩浆活动相伴,金矿类型多样,成因复杂.金矿成矿可以划分为2个系列和6个亚系列.陆内俯冲造山带内的这种金矿成矿特点可用陆内俯冲造山成矿模式进行解释.     

莱州湾晚第四纪以来沉积物元素地球化学特征及来源

元素地球化学信息对于地层划分和物源分析具有重要的指示意义。通过分析莱州湾BH1302孔岩芯沉积物常微量元素特征发现,元素含量在地层分界处发生明显变化,可以作为晚第四纪地层划分的重要指标。结合钻孔岩性相、粒度特征和测年数据,将研究区晚第四纪以来的沉积划分为4段,分别对应于晚中更新世、MIS 5期、MIS 4—3期和MIS 1期。钻孔岩芯沉积物常微量元素在垂向上变化存在着共生的关系,除Na2O、Ba和Sr外,大部分常微量元素变化与粒径强相关。R型因子分析揭示陆源细颗粒碎屑沉积、陆源粗颗粒碎屑沉积和海洋自生元素供应对BH1302孔沉积物的地球化学组成具有重要作用,但不同时期影响作用有所差异,陆源细颗粒碎屑沉积占主导地位,但短时期内陆源粗颗粒碎屑沉积或海洋自生元素供应也可能成为主导因素。     

Geochemical characteristics of soil gas in the Yanhuai basin,northern China

The geochemical backgrounds and origins of soil gases in the Yanhuai basin are discussed based on the regional seismogeological data and concentrations of Rn, Hg, CO<sub<2</sub<, H<sub<2</sub<, He and CH<sub<4</sub< in soil gas measured at 422 investigating sites in field during September to October 2007. The geochemical background values of Rn, Hg, CO<sub<2</sub<, H<sub<2</sub<, He and CH<sub<4</sub< are (8105.8?±5937.4) Bq/m<sup<3</sup<, (9.7?±5.8) ng/m<sup<3</sup<, (395.9?±35.3)?×10<sup<?6</sup<, (4.0?±2.3)?×10<sup<?6</sup<, (15.9?±10.4)×?10<sup<?6</sup< and (12.7?±8.1)?×10<sup<?6</sup<, respectively. The geochemical backgrounds of the soil gases are higher in the eastern part of the Yanhuai basin. The main factors affecting the gasgeochemical backgrounds are gaseous origins, structure of the crust, faults, stratum and microbe activity. The higher values of gasgeochemical backgrounds in the eastern part are attributed to the existence of low-velocity zones in the upper crust, stronger tectonic activity and more contributions of Hg and He derived from the deep-earth and Rn originated from granite, corresponding to stronger seismic activity. The results can be applied to identifying seismic precursor from monitoring data of gases in the studied area.     

Relation between the characteristics of strong earthquake activities in Chinese mainland and the Wenchuan earthquake

This paper studies the relations between the great Wenchuan earthquake and the active-quiet periodic characteristics of strong earthquakes, the rhythmic feature of great earthquakes, and the grouped spatial distribution of M_S8.0 earthquakes in Chinese mainland. We also studied the relation between the Wenchuan earthquake and the stepwise migration characteristics of M_S?≥7.0 earthquakes on the North-South seismic belt, the features of the energy releasing acceleration in the active crustal blocks related to the Wenchuan earthquake and the relation between the Wenchuan earthquake and the so called second-arc fault zone. The results can be summarized as follows: ① the occurrence of the Wenchuan earthquake was consistent with the activequiet periodic characteristics of strong earthquakes; ② its occurrence is consistent with the features of grouped occurrence of M_S8.0 earthquakes and follows the 25 years rhythm (each circulation experiences the same time) of great earthquakes; ③ the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake follows the well known stepwise migration feature of strong earthquakes on the North-South seismic belt; ④ the location where the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake took place has an obvious consistency with the temporal and spatial characteristic of grouped activity of M_S≥?7.0 strong earthquakes on the second-arc fault zone; ⑤ the second-arc fault zone is not only the lower boundary for earthquakes with more than 30 km focal depth, but also looks like a lower boundary for deep substance movement; and ⑥ there are obvious seismic accelerations nearby the Qaidam and Qiangtang active crustal blocks (the northern and southern neighbors of the Bayan Har active block, respectively), which agrees with the GPS observation data.     

Seismic comprehensive forecast based on modified project pursuit regression

In the research of projection pursuit for seismic comprehensive forecast, the algorithm of projection pursuit regression (PPR) is one of most applicable methods. But generally, the algorithm structure of the PPR is very complicated. By partial smooth regressions for many times, it has a large amount of calculation and complicated extrapolation, so it is easily trapped in partial solution. On the basis of the algorithm features of the PPR method, some solutions are given as below to aim at some shortcomings in the PPR calculation: to optimize project direction by using particle swarm optimization instead of Gauss-Newton algorithm, to simplify the optimal process with fitting ridge function by using Hermitian polynomial instead of piecewise linear regression. The overall optimal ridge function can be obtained without grouping the parameter optimization. The modeling capability and calculating accuracy of projection pursuit method are tested by means of numerical emulation technique on the basis of particle swarm optimization and Hermitian polynomial, and then applied to the seismic comprehensive forecasting models of poly-dimensional seismic time series and general disorder seismic samples. The calculation and analysis show that the projection pursuit model in this paper is characterized by simplicity, celerity and effectiveness. And this model is approved to have satisfactory effects in the real seismic comprehensive forecasting, which can be regarded as a comprehensive analysis method in seismic comprehensive forecast.     

基于时延三维电阻率反演的岩溶地下河管道空间分布识别物理模拟研究

岩溶地下河管道空间分布的识别对岩溶区的各类地球科学工作意义重大,文章阐述了采用时延三维电阻率反演技术,开展对地下河管道空间分布识别的研究,在室内灰岩介质下的物理模拟实验结果表明：对雨季管道充水和枯季管道干涸时采集的电阻率数据进行时延反演后,地下河管道的模拟三维空间分布被很好地突显出来,时延反演效果大大地优于对单次采集数据的反演效果,管道充填水时的反演效果次之,管道充填空气时的反演结果很难有效识别地下河管道的空间分布情况。物理模型试验成果可指导野外实践中对岩溶地下河管道的探测研究。     

云南武定地震余震近场尾波衰减的区域特征

根据地方震尾波散射理论,利用云南武定MS6.5主震后近场田心和云龙两个流动数字化台站记录的余震序列地震资料,以不同中心频率（1.5～20Ｈｚ）取样分频研究了近场尾波振幅衰减率（f ）的空间分布特征．结果表明,两个台站给出的尾波振幅衰减率（f ）存在明显的小区域范围非均匀性变化．位于主发震断层两侧的云龙台（东侧）和田心台（西侧）测得的尾波振幅衰减率（f ）值,当 f ＜6.0Ｈｚ时基本一致．相应的Qc（f ）值为66～120的低值;但在高频范围（f 6.0Ｈｚ）,由于穿过主断层的近场尾波遭到断层破碎带强烈的吸收,因而云龙台测得的尾波振幅衰减率（f ）值,比不穿过主断层的田心台给出的（f ）降低30％,并讨论了产生近场尾波振幅衰减空间分布差异的原因．本文的研究结果还表明,波源因子A0（f）不仅与震源强度相关,也与频率犳相关,用1.5～20Ｈｚ求出的Ｓ波平均自由程犔在主断层东侧为30ｋｍ、西侧为40ｋｍ ,由此证实了地震波穿过主断层破碎带时有更强的散射．     

安家营子金矿田矿床及同源岩体同位素地球化学

S、Pb、C、O和H同位素研究表明,安家营子矿田金矿成矿物质主要来自深部岩浆源,成矿流体为再平衡岩浆水.与金矿有关的安家营子二长花岗岩体为下地壳重熔成因,属金铜系列花岗岩类.金矿成矿年龄为120~130Ma.