北京市居住-就业空间结构及影响因素分析

在中国城市社会经济发展和住房市场化的进程中,居住-就业的空间格局发生了巨大的变化,居住-就业的空间分离引发了一系列交通和社会问题。本文通过对北京市不同区域的4个社区进行问卷发放和实地调查研究,考察了北京市居民的通勤特征和居住地、就业地的空间分布特征,测算了样本的居住-就业平衡度,进而比较了居住-就业平衡和不平衡的居民社会经济属性的差异。研究表明：北京市居民居住-就业不平衡现象十分普遍,居住-就业不平衡现象在大型就业中心和大规模居住区表现得愈突出。对居民社会经济属性与居住-就业空间平衡关系的研究发现,居住-就业平衡群体的最突出特征是年龄在50岁以上、职业为公务员、住房为单位集体宿舍或借住朋友／亲戚家。而相反,已婚居民、自有住房群体或从事农林渔牧水利生产等这部分人群往往最容易产生居住-就业不平衡。     

中国南北构造带北部中生代地质事件及其演化序列

南北构造带是中国大陆中部地表系统、地质构造及地球物理场的重要分界线,也是一条强震多发地带,长期以来被诸多学者所关注。但目前对该带中生代期间所经历的重要地质事件及其演化序列的研究较为薄弱,限制了对该带演化过程的认识。本文以南北构造带北部（宁南—六盘山地区）为研究对象,收集整理了大量低温热年代学数据、火山事件、构造事件及其它事件沉积的时空分布,分析和探讨了南北构造带北部中生代构造事件的演化序列。裂变径迹年龄统计结果表明,南北构造带北部中生代期间经历了晚三叠世—早侏罗世（220~180 Ma）、晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期（160~135 Ma）和晚白垩世—古新世中期（100~60 Ma）等多期的构造抬升事件。这些构造抬升事件在研究区均具有明显的地质响应,且其形成与中生代期间研究区及周邻的地球动力学环境变迁密切相关。而在构造变动的间歇期内,研究区大量接受沉积,并伴随着区域气候的变化,发生了诸多事件沉积,这一时期也往往是研究区油、气、煤、膏岩等能源矿产的富集时期。     

CMIP5全球气候模式对上海极端气温和降水的情景预估

基于国际耦合模式比较计划第五阶段(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5,以下简称CMIP5)28个模式的数值模拟结果和1981~2010年华东和上海气温和降水观测数据,评估了该28个气候模式对华东和上海气温和降水的模拟能力,并预估了RCP4.5(Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5)情景下上海2021~2030年极端气温和降水气候的变化趋势和不确定性。结果表明:与观测值相比,模式对华东和上海年平均气温的模拟大多均值偏高、方差偏低;对年总降水量的模拟大多均值偏高,但方差以华东偏高、上海偏低为主;26个模式的气温变化趋势和12个模式的降水变化趋势与观测值相同。选出8个模式的预估结果表明:与2001~2010年相比,2021~2030年上海冬天极端低温的出现日数(冷夜日数)呈减少趋势,不确定性最小;夏天暖夜日数呈增加的趋势,不确定性较小;其他极端气温事件的变化趋势则存在较大的不确定性,冷夜指标的不确定性最大。强降水发生日数和强降水的强度都呈现增加的趋势,且不确定性较小。     

新疆马庄山金矿控矿地质条件及其成因浅析

华力西期次火山活动及同熔岩浆侵入活动为马庄山金矿提供了中低温含金热液，前寒武纪结晶基底，石炭系白山组英安质凝灰岩及石英斑岩（次火山岩）为矿源层，横贯矿区的两条北东主干断裂（Ｆ３１２，Ｆ３１３）为导矿构造，次火山岩内张性断裂及主干断裂派生的张扭性断裂为主要容矿，控矿构造，今后找矿工作中应侧重深部找矿。     

控制网敏感度分析法及其在优化设计中的应用

本文推导出了控制网中观测值的精度变化与未知参数精度变化和控制网可靠性变化的关系式,即精度敏感度和可靠性敏感度的定义式。提出根据敏感度确定控制网优化设计方案的思路和方法,证明了敏感度分析法的重要性和在控制网设计中的实用性。     

多种再分析地面气温资料在江西省的适用性

为评估不同再分析地面气温资料的适用性和模拟精度，采用双线性内插法将JRA55、ERA Interim、ERA5和MERRA2等再分析地面气温资料降尺度至气象观测站，评估其对实测气温的平均态（平均偏差、均方根误差、相关性分析）、趋势态（年际趋势）和极端态（高温日数、低温日数）的再现能力。通过在江西省的对比分析，结果表明：①利用邻近格点气温和高度值计算的逐时气温垂直递减率具有合理的波动范围以及季节性周期，适用于复杂地形下逐时再分析资料的内插订正；②订正后JRA55地面气温资料的均方根误差最小，MERRA2其次，ERA Interim和ERA5最大；③从气温年际变化趋势来看，JRA55、ERA Interim和ERA5增温速率与实测值较为一致，且JRA55对增温中心的刻画更优；④4种再分析资料均能再现高、低温日数的年际波动，但JRA55在量级上描述最优。综上，再分析地面气温资料的适用性JRA55＞ERA Interim＞ERA5＞MERRA2，JRA55再分析资料能较好地再现气温实际观测资料。     

渭河盆地及周缘上古生界残留地层分布及油气意义

近年来,由于全球资源量的需求增多,作为勘探程度较低的渭河盆地受到了越来越多学者的关注。而制约渭河盆地油气勘探的主要矛盾是缺乏烃源岩,若盆地存在上古生界烃源岩,则具有重要油气地质意义,可为氦载体气成藏提供物质基础。为了研究渭河盆地及周缘上古生界残留地层分布特征,本文系统收集、整理了渭河盆地及周缘已有地球物理资料,结合地质、地震、钻井、地球化学等研究成果,明确了研究区上古生界残留地层分布,通过对比盆地南北缘上古生界烃源岩特征,探讨渭河盆地内部上古生界天然气勘探潜力。结果表明,渭河盆地内确实存在上古生界地层,主要位于西安凹陷和固市凹陷内,固市凹陷中煤系地层的厚度较西安凹陷大,且厚度较大处靠近南部。烃源岩产生的甲烷气通过盆地内大量的断裂运移到新生界断层封闭的圈闭构造中成藏,新生代地层中发育优质的储盖组合,新近系张家坡组上部分布大范围的湖泛沉积泥岩,构成了良好的区域性盖层,为天然气提供了有利的保存条件。此外,天然气藏的存在可为盆地内氦气成藏提供基础条件。对渭河盆地基底气源岩认识的深化,为鄂尔多斯周缘盆地群油气基础地质调查提供重要的借鉴意义。     

Biomarker records of phytoplankton productivity and community structure changes in the Central Yellow Sea mud area during the Mid-late Holocene

The Yellow Sea (YS) environmental and ecological changes during the Holocene are driven by the interactions between the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and the Kuroshio Current (KC). We report marine biomarker records of brassicasterol, dinosterol and C37 alkenones in core ZY1 and core ZY2 from the South Yellow Sea (SYS) to reconstruct the spatial/temporal variations and possible mechanisms of phytoplankton primary productivity and community structure changes during the Mid-late Holocene. The contents of the corresponding biomarkers in the two cores are similar, and they also reveal broadly similar temporal trends. From 6 kyr to 3 kyr, the biomarker contents in the two cores were relatively low with small oscillations, followed by a distinct increase at about 3 kyr indicating productivity increases caused by a stronger EAWM. The alkenone/brassicasterol ratio (A/B) is used as a community structure proxy, which also showed higher values in both cores since 3 kyr, indicating increased haptophyte contribution to total productivity. It is proposed that the YS community structure has been mainly influenced by the YSWC, with stronger YSWC influences causing an increase in haptophyte contribution since 3 kyr. Some differences of the biomarker records between ZY2 and ZY1 suggest spatial variations in response to YSWC and KC forcing. When the KC was intensified during the periods of 6–4.2 kyr and 1.7–0 kyr, the YSWC extended eastward, exerting more influence on core ZY1. On the other hand, when the KC weakened during 4.2–1.7 kyr, the YSWC extended westward, exerting more influence on the ZY2.     

Biomarker evidence for paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Yellow Sea over the last 8200 years

Previous studies have indicated that the Yellow Sea underwent significant environmental changes during the Holocene, but many questions remain concerning the timing of the establishment of the modern circulation system, which would have major implications for the Yellow Sea ecosystem and carbon cycle. In this study, marine and terrestrial biomarkers were analyzed in Core YE-2 from a muddy area in the southern Yellow Sea to reconstruct Holocene environmental and phytoplankton community change. The content of three individual marine phytoplankton biomarkers (alkenones, brassicasterol and dinosterol) all display a similar trend, and their total contents during the early Holocene (362 ng/g) were lower than those during the mid-late Holocene (991 ng/g). On the other hand, the contents of terrestrial biomarkers (C27+C29+C31n-alkanes) during the early Holocene (1 661 ng/g) were about three times higher than those during the mid-late Holocene (499 ng/g). Our biomarker results suggest that the modern circulation system of the Yellow Sea was established by 5-6 ka, and resulted in higher marine productivity and lower terrestrial organic matter inputs. Biomarker ratios were used to estimate shifts in phytoplankton community structure in response to mid-Holocene (5-6 ka) environmental changes in the Yellow Sea, revealing a transition from a dinoflagellate-diatom dominant community structure during the early Holocene to a coccolithophore-dominant community structure during the mid-late Holocene.