基于分数阶傅里叶变换的水下目标速度估计

在高斯白噪声背景下,匹配滤波器作为线性调频信号的最优检测器,在水声信号处理中被广泛应用。 当发射信号为线性调频信号时,由水下目标径向速度引起的多普勒频移会造成回波和样本之间失配, 使匹配滤波器的检测性能下降,增加了目标速度估计的难度。 利用分数阶傅里叶变换对于线性调频信号的聚焦特性,提出了应用分数阶傅里叶变换的水下运动目标线性调频回波检测算法,完成对目标速度的估计, 推导目标运动速度与分数阶傅里叶变换阶数之间的关系,并对测量结果进行误差分析。 仿真测试表明,该算法可有效地估计混响背景下的目标径向速度,且具有良好的估计性能。     

Gravitational Waves and Gravitational-wave Sourcestwo

The recent discovery of gravitational-wave burst GW150914 marks the coming of a new era of gravitational-wave astronomy, which provides a new window to study the physics of strong gravitational field, extremely massive stars, extremely high energy processes, and extremely early universe. In this article, we introduce the basic characters of gravitational waves in the Einstein's general relativity, their observational effects and main generation mechanisms, including the rotation of neutron stars, evolution of binary systems, and spontaneous generation in the inflation universe. Different sources produce the gravitational waves at quite different frequencies, which can be detected by different methods. In the lowest frequency range (f < 10^?15 Hz), the detection is mainly dependent of the observation of B-mode polarization of cosmic microwave background radiation. In the middle frequency range (10^?9 < f < 10^?6 Hz), the gravitational waves are detected by analyzing the timing residuals of millisecond pulsars. And in the high frequency range (10 ? 4 < f < 10⁴ Hz), they can be detected by the space-based and ground-based laser interferometers. In particular, we focus on the main features, detection methods, detection status, and the future prospects for several important sources, including the continuous sources (e.g., the spinning neutron stars, and stable binary systems), the burst sources (e.g., the supernovae, and the merge of binary system), and the stochastic backgrounds generated by the astrophysical and cosmological process. In addition, we forecast the potential breakthroughs in gravitational-wave astronomy in the near future, and the Chinese projects which might involve in these discoveries.     

What do parameterized Om(z) diagnostics tell us in light of recent observations?

In this paper, we propose a new parametrization for Om(z) diagnostics and show how the most recent and significantly improved observations concerning the H(z) and SN Ia measurements can be used to probe the consistency or tension between the ΛCDM model and observations. Our results demonstrate that H0 plays a very important role in the consistency test of ΛCDM with H(z)data. Adopting the Hubble constant priors from Planck 2013 and Riess, one finds considerable tension between the current H(z) data and ΛCDM model and confirms the conclusions obtained previously by others. However, with the Hubble constant prior taken from WMAP9, the discrepancy between H(z) data and ΛCDM disappears, i.e., the current H(z) observations still support the cosmological constant scenario. This conclusion is also supported by the results derived from the Joint Lightcurve Analysis(JLA) SN Ia sample. The best-fit Hubble constant from the combination of H(z)+JLA(H00 = 68.81+1.5-1.49 km s-1 Mpc-1) is very consistent with results derived both by Planck 2013 and WMAP9, but is significantly different from the recent local measurement by Riess.     

Changing Connectivities of Chinese Cities in the World City Network,2010–2016

Against the backdrop of the sizable economic growth of China in recent years, this paper uses the most recent data gathering of the Globalization and World Cities(Ga WC) research network to update and supplement earlier research on the shifting global connectivity of Chinese cities. The update consists of an evaluation of the connectivity of Chinese cities in 2016, the supplement of an analysis of the changing position of Chinese cities in the world city network between 2010 and 2016. To this end, we build on a specification of the world city network as an ‘interlocking network' in which producer services firms play the crucial role in city network formation. Information about the presence of leading producer services firms in cities in 2010 and 2016 is used as the input to a bipartite network projection algorithm in order to measure cities' network connectivity. The first set of results discusses the geographies of urban connectivity in the world city network in 2016. The second set of results discusses standardized measures of change to reveal the major dimensions of the transformations between 2010 and 2016. We find that, with the exception of Hong Kong, Macau and Kaohsiung of Taiwan, all Chinese cities record connectivity gains. This wholesale rise in connectivity is nonetheless geographically uneven, with above all Beijing, Chengdu/Chongqing and Changsha/Wuhan becoming more connected. We conclude that the wholesale rise of Chinese cities in the world city network and their changing trajectories in the post-crisis era are embedded in shifting external and internal political economies.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF A MESO-β SCALE RAINSTORM EVENT*

Diagnosis is performed of a thunderstorm rainstorm event occurring in the summer of 1996 at Nanjing and numerical simulation undertaken in the context of hydrostatic equilibrium framework of MM5 as the fifth version of the PSU/NCAR mesoscale model. Analyses show that the rainstorm-associated thermal condition was the accumulation of unstable potential energy and the dynamic condition was vigorous convergence updrafts. And the simulation within the hydrostatic framework indicates the significant role of latent heat release in the rainstorm occurrence: that even for a 30 km grid spacing horizontally of great importance to the successful modeling of the meso-p event was a convection parameterization scheme that led to less rainfall in our run based only on its explicit version but to the prediction in closer agreement with the observed when its implicit version was used in combination: for the thunderstorm-accompanied torrential rain. the Grell scheme was superior to the version of Kuo and the improved Arakawa-Schubert parameterization scheme (Grell 1993:Anthese and Kuo 1987; Arakawa and Scherbt 1974: Grell et al. 1991).Moreover, better results came from the simulation in the context of hydrostatic framework of the MM5 compared to those from the run within the nonhydrostatic equilibrium framework, a problem that awaits further efforts.     

北京高空温度的统计特征

对１９６１～１９９４年自地面至高空２０ｈＰａ的温度资料进行了统计分析,以了解北京高空气温的季节变化、垂直分布和长期变化趋势。研究发现：以１５０ｈＰａ层为界,其上部和下部的温度变化有着不同的气候特征,如在该层以下各层上的温度年较差为正值,而其上则为负值;近３０余年来,对流层下层温度显著增加,对流层上层和平流层的温度在降低,对流层温度直减率加大     

中朝古大陆东部早前寒武纪变质岩系对比及其演化阶段划分

介绍了朝鲜半岛太古宙、古元古宙的表壳岩和花岗质岩石的岩石组合、岩石化学和地球化学特征;根据近几年来华北古大陆前寒武纪地质研究的新发现和同位素年代学的最新成果,对中朝古大陆东部吉－辽－鲁古陆同朝鲜半岛的狼林陆块、京畿陆块和冠帽陆块等进行对比,表明朝鲜北部的狼林、冠帽陆块同胶辽古陆为同一演化体系,而其南部的京畿、小白山陆块的对比,存在不少问题,有待今后深入对比研究。     

火成岩构造组合与壳-幔成矿系统

讨论了火成岩构造组合,指出不能单纯地运用化学图解,强调要结合岩相学、岩石组合特征研究,要注意区分区域与局部的构造环境。指出双峰式火成岩组合的确切含义是指缺乏中性成员,而不单看化学图解的几何形态,讨论了伸展与挤压对双峰式和钙碱性火成岩组合的可能约束。指出由蛇绿岩套再造的古构造历史可能是残缺的,结合弧火成岩的厘定可在某些方面弥补这个不足,讨论了弧火成岩组成极性形成的可能原因。讨论了大陆碰撞造山带的火成岩构造组合类型及其在再造造山带的边界性质、造山带演化历史中的重要意义。指出大陆裂谷带的火成岩常呈组成对称的水平分带,而不同于弧火成岩的组成极性。讨论了岩浆构造热事件及其序列的重要意义,提出大陆碰撞造山带具类似于变质作用的顺时针演化的事件序列,而大洋俯冲造山带则具反时针演化的事件序列。最后,强调并讨论了“壳幔岩浆流体成矿系统”的科学命题,提出从壳幔这个大系统来考察成矿作用是很重要的     

青藏高原多向碰撞─揳入隆升地球动力学模式

论证了青藏高原形成与隆升过程中的变形构造格局。岩石圈结构、青藏高原隆升与周边前陆沉积盆地耦合关系、高原隆升的地球动力学模式等。提出青藏高原碰撞-隆升过程中,高原边缘以走滑-挤压构造为主,高原内部以伸展构造为主;高原隆升过程中,岩石圈变形总体是：上部以伸展变形为主,中部以挤压变形为主,下部以伸展变形为主。通过青藏高原及周边岩石圈结构及隆升过程变形作用时-空耦合关系的对比研究,建立起青藏高原隆升机制的多向碰撞-入隆升地球动力学模式。     

江西金山金矿床两类矿化及其石英热发光特征

金山金矿床为一大型剪切带型独立矿床,主要矿化类型分为含金石英脉及硅化岩型两种,前者分布于金山剪切带上盘粉砂质千枚岩中,受顺层剪切裂隙控制,规模较小;后者主要受金山剪切带内Ｒ型剪切裂隙控制,规模大。研究表明,两类矿化是性质相同的含矿变质流体以不同方式在不同构造位置发生成矿作用的产物。石英热发光特征是评价两者含矿性的有效标志。