Experimental studies to 10 kb of the bulk composition tremolite50-tschermakite50+excess H2O

Phase relations for the magnesio-hornblende bulk composition, 2 CaO·4 MgO·Al₂O₃·7 SiO₂+ excess H₂O, have been investigated to 10 kb employing hydrothermal and piston-cylinder techniques. The low-temperature limit of amphibole in this system lies at 519° C, 1,000 bars, 541° C, 2,000 bars, and 718° C, 10 kb. The low-T assemblage consists of an+chl+di+tc(+f), and is related to the adjacent high-T equilibrium assemblage, amph+an+chl+f, by the solid-solid reaction (A): 2 di+tc=tr. Small amounts of aluminum, hypothesized to be preferentially dissolved in the cpx (and in the tc) relative to amph, may account for the broad P-T stability range of the di+tc assemblage in the synthetic work relative to systems involving stoichiometric tr, Ca₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂, such as are common in natural, Al-poor calc-silicate parageneses. Alternatively, the low-temperature assemblage produced in the experiments may be metastable. For the investigated bulk composition, synthetic tremolitic-cummingtonitic amphibole contains relatively modest amounts of ts, Ca₂Mg₃Al₂ ^IVSi₆-Al₂ ^IVO₂₂(OH)₂; at pressures of 1,000–3,000 bars, solid solution extends from near tremolite only to about cu₁₁tr₆₉ts₂₀, analogous to most analyzed natural magnesio-hornblendic specimens. At 10 kb fluid pressure, the solid solution reaches approximately cu₀₆tr₅₃ts₄₁ for the investigated bulk composition, and appears to be virtually independent of temperature. Amphibole and 14 Å chl react within the amphibole stability field, along curve (B), at about 704° C and 2,000 bars, to produce an, en, fo and f (H=40.9 kcal/ mole); at pressures greater than approximately 7kb, due to the incompatibility of an and fo, the higher temperature assemblage consists of amph, an, en, sp and f. Above P _fluid– T curve (B), the amphibole coexists with an+en+fo+f at low pressures; at higher pressures, the amphibole, which is in equilibrium with an+en+sp+f, is relatively more aluminous. The high-T stability limit of aluminous tr+fo lies approximately 20–25° C below the dehydration curve for stoichiometric tremolite on its own bulk composition. Reaction (C), tr+fo=2 di+5 en+f (H = 39.4 kcal/mole), produces an+di+en+f, the highest temperature subsolidus assemblage investigated for the tr₅₀ts₅₀ bulk composition. Hydrous melt is encountered at temperatures at least as low as 900° C at 10 kb, and at that fluid pressure coexists with amphibole over an interval of more than 60° C. Limited solid solution observed between tr and ts in nature (tr_100-70) is accounted for by the restricted range of amphibole compositions produced in the present study. Such amphiboles, moreover, appear to have both high- and low-temperature stability limits, as demonstrated by the experimental results.Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Publication No. 2811     

特大城市空间形态差异对交通网络效率的影响

以交通网络出行迂回作为交通网络效率分析的切入点,选取形状指数、紧凑度作为空间形态分析指标,对特大城市空间形态布局进行类型划分,并挖掘各城市交通网络效率空间分布差异特征,基于多元回归模型剖析中国各特大城市空间形态布局与交通网络效率之间的影响关系。研究表明：① 5种类型城市交通效率高低分布差异明显,紧凑圆形城市边缘区交通网络效率较低,而非紧凑带形交通效率低的区域多分布于城市核心区,紧凑方形城市交通网络效率高地区分布较为集中,而非紧凑方形交通效率低的地区分布较为分散,紧凑带形城市面积越小则交通效率越高。② 就城市空间布局与交通网络效率影响关系而言,随着城市形状指数的增大,城市交通迂回值未进一步增大,说明城市形态布局接近圆形均匀分布时,其城市交通网络效率较高;随着城市紧凑度值的增加,城市交通迂回程度值亦不断增加,说明城市形态布局程度越紧密,反而其交通网络效率越低,当城市形态布局紧密程度适中时,交通网络效率水平较高。     

Combined effects of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on soil microorganism communities

Soil contaminated sites contain a variety of pollutants, especially heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Interactions between heavy metals have been relatively well studied, but little is known about interactions between heavy metals and PAHs. The combined effect of heavy metals and PAHs on soil microorganism was studied in laboratory conditions and evaluated by random denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. We extracted DNA directly from contaminated soils and then amplified the V3 sequences of the 16S rDNA. The results showed that with different culture time, the gene diversity of the single and combined contaminated soil differed as well. After 15 days of culture, the microorganisms were stimulated and accommodated. After 45 days of cultivation, the quantities of the soil microorganisms were affected. It is concluded that some of the microorganisms utilize phenanthrene as important carbon resources. Microorganisms directly isolated from soil could reflect the diversity of soil microorganism and population distribution conditions.     

库车盆地古近系-新近系蒸发岩沉积旋回识别及对比

库车盆地古近纪-新近纪发育巨厚的蒸发岩沉积,根据蒸发岩沉积旋回的变化,即由于盐湖水体
从淡-咸-盐-咸-淡的旋回变化,相应地沉积物发生由碎井的屑岩-膏岩-盐岩-膏岩-碎屑岩的变化。考
虑钻井的分布位置及其剖面在时代上的完整性,选取盆地中 13口井的钻井剖面进行沉积旋回识别和对比,共识
别出 5个蒸发岩沉积旋回,其中库姆格列木群两个,苏维依组一个,吉迪克组两个。通过对比,确立了以东秋8井剖面为库车盆地蒸发岩沉积旋回对比的标准剖面,初步分析认为,盆地蒸发岩沉积旋回的沉积区迁移特征,
应受盆地基底控制和南北向构造挤压应力变化的影响。古近系蒸发岩主要分布在盆地西部,新近系吉迪克组沉
积时期,盆地西北部转为陆源碎屑岩沉积 （ 西南部发育少量蒸发岩） ,而东部发育巨厚的蒸发岩,显示出东西分
带的特点。在始新世末印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞的远距离效应影响下,库车盆地自苏维依组沉积时期蒸发岩沉
积中心就已经开始迁移,迁移中心一分为二,自盆地北西分别向南、向东移动,形成两个沉积区,吉迪克组沉
积时期在上述两个沉积区继续发育盐岩、膏岩沉积。     

井间电阻率层析成象的几个问题研究

井间电阻率层析成象是一种较新的高精度电法勘探方法，尚有许多问题需要探讨。本文针对平滑度约束反演算法，研究了平滑因子及迭代次数对成象结果的影响，给出了约束条件的施加方法。     

In situ cosmogenic 10Be dating of the Quaternary glaciations in the southern Shaluli Mountain on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

It is generally considered that four-times ice age happened during the Quaternary epoch on the Tibetan Plateau. However, the research on the chronology of the four-times ice age is far from enough. The Shaluli Mountain on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau is an ideal place for plaeo-glacier study, because there are abundant Quaternary glacial remains there. This paper discusses the ages of the Quaternary glaciations, based on the exposure dating of roche moutonnée, moraines and glacial erosion surfaces using in situ cosmogenic isotopes ¹⁰Be. It is found that the exposure age of the roche moutonnée at Tuershan is 15 ka, corresponding to Stage 2 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope, suggesting that the roche moutonnée at Tuershan is formed in the last glacial maximum. The exposure age of glacial erosion surface at Laolinkou is 130–160 ka, corresponding to Stage 6 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope. The oldest end moraine at Kuzhaori may form at 421–766 kaBP, corresponding to Stages 12–18 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope. In accordance with the climate characteristic of stages 12, 14, 16 and 18 reflected by the deep-sea oxygen isotope, polar ice cores and loess sequence, the oldest end moraine at Kuzhaori may form at stage 12 or stage 16, the latter is more possible.     

长江中下游典型浅水湖泊表层水体微塑料时空分布特征——以湖北保安湖为例

以湖北保安湖为研究对象,分别于2021年4、7、10月和2022年1月采集表层水样,测定水体中微塑料丰度、粒径、形状、颜色和类型,探究浅水型湖泊表层水体中微塑料的时空分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,保安湖表层水体微塑料的年平均丰度为(16.20±2.23)items/L。微塑料丰度呈现明显的季节性差异,其中夏季(采样时间7月)平均丰度最低,为(1.40±0.09)items/L。在所有微塑料颗粒中,粒径0.064～1 mm占比最大,为82.57%;黑色和无色微塑料占主导地位,占比分别为36.16%和21.31%;纤维状微塑料分布最广泛,占比达40.01%;聚乙烯(PE)和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)是最主要的微塑料类型,两者之和占比达46.05%,其次为聚苯乙烯(PS,占比17.2%)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET,占比8.33%)和聚乙酸乙酯(PVAC,占比8.31%)。统计分析表明,微塑料丰度与湖水水质无显著相关关系。该研究揭示了长江中下游地区典型浅水湖泊微塑料分布现状,为评估类似湖泊微塑料潜在污染风险提供了科学依据。     

树轮学研究方法及其在全球变化中的应用

树轮学研究方法逐步完善, 形成了特有的框架和体系, 并不断应用到全球变化的不同领域, 形成树轮学不同分支学科所特有的研究方法。当前树轮学研究方法, 一方面关注如何更好地提取树轮中的环境和生态信息, 包括去除树轮宽度生长趋势和提取树轮中与环境和生态过程密切相关的密度、稳定同位素、元素和木材解剖等指标信息; 另一方面, 树轮学方法又与全球变化不同领域方法的交叉, 例如气候重建、森林动态(包括生物量重建和森林干扰等)和地貌改变等不同应用领域的研究方法, 以建立特有的研究方法以解决不同地球科学领域的问题。目前, 我国已经成为树轮学研究领域最高产的国家, 然而关于树轮学方法方面的研究仍然相对较少, 有待更多的关注。     

昆明近300年的旱涝变化规律

应用昆明近３００年历史旱涝指数和近百年降雨观测资料,研究了旱涝历史气候演变、气候周期变化和年际变化的规律,探讨了厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子、大气环流因子对旱涝气候变化的影响。主要结果有：（１）昆明旱涝气候变化主要存在４０年和１１年的周期,４０年变化周期受厄尔尼诺变化周期影响,１１年变化周期受太阳黑子变化周期影响,厄尔尼诺和太阳黑子的周期变化是昆明旱涝周期变化和两大影响因子。（２）昆明降雨年际变化与大气环流     

南阳市城区地下水系统划分及供水意义

根据地层、水文地质条件等,把南阳市城区地下水划分为浅层、中深层、深层和超深层四个含水系统,提出分别作为城市工业冷却水、生活饮用水、天然矿泉水和医疗热矿水水源的分层开发观点.