鲁西杨庄条带状铁建造特征及锆石年代学研究

泰山群主要分布于鲁西地区中部,是鲁西花岗-绿岩带的一个重要组成部分。近年来,在沂水县杨庄发现了一定规模的沉积变质铁矿,铁矿层位赋存于柳杭岩组上段的斜长角闪岩段内。本文对杨庄铁矿BIF及侵入地层的岩浆岩进行锆石年代学测定,测定的含磁铁矿斜长角闪岩中锆石U-Pb年龄数据主要集中在2.6Ga附近,确定斜长角闪岩的形成年龄为2615±61Ma;铁矿顶板黑云母石英片岩的形成年龄小于2527±66Ma,该岩段又被晚期混合花岗岩穿插,其锆石年龄测定结果为2469±34Ma,所以推测黑云母石英片岩的形成年龄在2.5Ga附近。据此我们认为鲁西地区的"柳杭岩组"似可近一步解体为新太古的斜长角闪岩段(含磁铁矿建造)和古元古的表壳岩段(以片岩系为主)。混合花岗岩的形成年龄属于古元古代早期,似乎可以填补全球地质演化的静寂期 (2.3~2.5Ga)。以泰山群为代表的变质岩系在地下较深部位出现或者被中晚元古代盖层覆盖,为探讨华北克拉通早期演化和开展华北克拉通BIF型铁矿研究具有重要意义。     

Numerical study of aerosol effect on three types of clouds and precipitation in Beijing area

Three types of rainfall (storm, moderate and slight rainfall) in the Beijing area were simulated by the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF3.2) model coupled with Milbrandt-two-moment cloud microphysics scheme, to explore the effect of aerosols on clouds and precipitation under continental and maritime aerosol scenarios. Results indicate that an increase of aerosols has various effects on clouds and precipitation. (1) The amount of surface precipitation is obviously affected. With an increase of aerosol concentration, the 48-hr total precipitation of storm and moderate rainfall decreased by 23% and 16.6%, respectively, and the 24-hr total precipitation of slight rainfall decreased by 14.0%. (2) The distribution of surface precipitation is also clearly affected. The average precipitation for a rain storm increases in most parts of western Beijing and decreases by more than 20 mm in most parts of eastern Beijing with increasing aerosol concentration. The average precipitation of moderate rainfall decreases by 0.1–5 mm in most parts of the Beijing area. The effect of increased aerosol concentration is weak for slight rainfall distribution in the study area. (3) With an increase of aerosol concentration, a narrower width and lower precipitation peak value are found in the storm rainfall, and its duration is prolonged for the high aerosol concentration. An earlier precipitation termination of moderate rainfall is found with increasing aerosol concentration. (4) The upper-air hydrometeors vary with aerosol concentration. For storm and moderate rainfall, significantly higher cloud water concentration and lower rain water were found under the continental aerosol scenario.     

钛闪石的高压结构及其地质意义

利用同步辐射EDXD方法和DAc高压技术对采于新疆天山碱性玄武岩地幔捕虏体中的钛闪石进行了原位高压(达25．4GPa)结构研究：在室温下，随着压力的增加，钛闪石的轴长a、b、c被逐渐压缩；当压力为18、9GPa时，钛闪石可能由于“脱水”而导致结构发生相变，此相变应属于可逆的二级相变。结合钛闪石的地质产状，我们认为，钛闪石在上地幔一定深度范围内可以保持稳定，是上地幔中重要的含水矿物相之一，其被携带到地表是一个非常快速的过程，本文的结果对某些含钛矿物的高压行为研究提供了一定的参考。     

云南宝兴厂金矿床地质特征及成因

文章总结了云南宝兴厂金矿区地质特征,划分了成矿期和成矿阶段,通过对硫、铅、氢氧同位素特征的研究,认为下奥陶统向阳组第四岩性段的碎屑岩为金成矿的矿源层。多期次的构造-岩浆活动,形成了该区多期次、多阶段、多样式、多矿种的矿床组合类型。矿床类型主要有:斑岩型、石英脉型、构造蚀变岩型、红土型等。该金矿的形成在时间、空间上与喜马拉雅期的富碱斑岩密切相关。     

粤西阳春盆地多金属矿床成矿系列及动力学背景

粤西阳春盆地为广东省重要的多金属矿集区之一,主要包括矽卡岩型、斑岩-矽卡岩型和热液脉型3类多金属矿床。阳春盆地发育多种矿化元素,矿种以Cu、Fe、Pb、Zn、Ag、W、Sn为主,Au、Mo、Bi次之。文章在梳理前人工作成果的基础上,将阳春盆地的多金属矿床厘定为一个成矿系列和3个成矿亚系列:即与燕山期侵入岩有关的Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-W-Sn多金属矿床成矿系列,包括与中侏罗世侵入岩有关的铁铜多金属矿床成矿亚系列(Ⅰ)、与早白垩世中酸性侵入岩有关的铜钼铅锌多金属矿床成矿亚系列(Ⅱ)和与晚白垩世花岗岩有关的W-Sn多金属矿床成矿亚系列(Ⅲ)。Ⅰ和Ⅱ成矿亚系列主要沿阳春盆地的边缘坳陷带分布,受NE-NNE向构造及EW向构造复合控制,成矿岩体主要为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗斑岩以及二长花岗岩等,来源于相对深部,为壳幔同熔的产物,成因类型主要包括矽卡岩型和斑岩-矽卡岩型;Ⅲ成矿亚系列主要产于隆起区与坳陷带接壤部位及坳陷带中局部隆起地段,受隐伏的NW向构造控制,与成矿有关的花岗岩类属弱过铝质-准铝质花岗岩,由地壳物质重熔而形成,也可能有少量的地幔物质加入,矿床类型以石英脉型和斑岩-矽卡岩型-热液脉型为主。大量的高精度测年数据表明:Ⅰ亚系列成矿时代主要集中在170~160 Ma,Ⅱ亚系列成矿年龄主要集中在110~98 Ma,而Ⅲ亚系列成矿年龄为85~76 Ma,前一成矿亚系列对应的成矿动力学背景为太平洋板块的俯冲环境,而Ⅱ和Ⅲ成矿亚系列则处于燕山晚期的拉张伸展环境并伴随强烈的壳幔相互作用,其可能与135 Ma之后太平洋板块的运动方向发生转向有关。     

淮南深地实验室分布式光纤地震立体台阵观测数据分析

在淮南深地实验室布设了水泥固结的传感光缆,结合竖井中已有通信光缆,利用分布式光纤地震传感技术(DAS)构建了高密度的三分量立体台阵,开展了为期一年的连续观测.通过分析地下870 m的背景噪声记录,发现其日间变化幅度较小,这表明深地实验室受气压、温度和人类活动等的影响较小.然而,在低频段观测到明显增强的噪声,这给低频信号研究带来了一定困难.在连续记录中,识别出了多个地方震和区域震信号,尤其是获得了高质量的玛多地震P波信号.与共址地震仪数据的一致性表明DAS波形记录的可靠性.通过三分量DAS记录识别了Rayleigh面波信号,并利用多重滤波技术测量得到其群速度频散曲线;利用DAS应变率记录与共址宽频带地震仪的速度记录比值获得了相速度信息.两种方法测得的面波频散数据可用于研究速度结构.这些初步结果展现了深地实验室提供的超静环境以及三分量立体DAS台阵观测的优势,为后续进一步研究提供参考.

     

桃山-诸广铀成矿带成岩成矿年代学研究进展及存在问题

桃山-诸广铀成矿带位于钦杭结合带以南的华夏地块西部,属华东南铀成矿省,是中国最重要的花岗岩型铀成矿带.文章收集了该成矿带近十年获得的118组岩浆岩同位素年龄数据和41组铀成矿同位素年龄数据,通过遴选可信度较高的年龄数据,厘定成岩成矿年龄,并探讨岩浆岩活动与铀成矿时代的关系.结果表明:桃山-诸广铀成矿带的岩浆岩是加里东期...     

川东北地区海相深层多源生烃动态转化机制——以普光气田为例

海相碳酸盐岩层系深层-超深层油气形成机制是石油地质学研究的热点和难点。以川东北普光气田为例,通过烃源(岩)评价及其与原油、储层沥青和天然气之间的地球化学对比、油气藏形成演化与保存过程分析,结合不同类型天然气组分、流体包裹体以及多种烃源生烃模拟等实验数据,对油气来源和成烃成藏过程进行了系统分析。结果表明,在多期沉积构造活动背景下,海相深层烃源岩系和主力产层均经历过高温高压环境与高热演化,形成了不同类型的干酪根、以分散和富集状态赋存的可溶有机质,以及以有机酸盐形式存在的不溶有机质等多种形式烃源,并普遍存在不同类型烃源、不同成因油气的连续或叠置动态相态转化,及其对油气成藏贡献的接替过程,呈现出"来源的多样性、转化的接替性、过程的多期性和成因的复合性"之油气形成演化特点,提出"多源生烃动态转化"是深层油气形成演化的主要机制,将烃源生气过程延续到更高的演化阶段,有利于深层-超深层条件下油气藏的再充注和聚集保存。     

西南印度洋中脊49.5°E离轴地壳结构

超慢速扩张西南印度洋中脊岩浆的集中供给在空间维度上表现为岩浆扩张段（NVR）与相邻的非转换断层不连续带（NTD）地壳结构的差异,而在时间维度上表现为离轴与沿轴地壳结构的差异.为了进一步揭示岩浆集中供给的时空分布特征,本文选取西南印度洋中脊热液区2010年海底地震仪深部探测中平行于洋中脊距轴部偏北约10 km的离轴测线d0d10,使用射线追踪正演和反演的方法,得到了NVR和NTD北侧离轴区域的地壳及上地幔P波速度结构,并与轴部速度结构进行了对比分析.研究结果表明：（1）NTD北侧离轴区域的地壳厚度约5.2 km,其厚度明显大于轴部NTD下方地壳厚度（~3.2 km）,由此推测洋脊轴部NTD区域形成的地壳在不断减薄;（2）NVR北侧离轴区域的地壳厚度约7.0 km,其厚度亦大于轴部NVR地壳厚度（~5.8 km）,表明在洋中脊演化过程中洋脊轴区域的岩浆供给在不断减少,其活动性在不断减弱.     

Classification and origin of natural gases from Lishui Sag,the East China Sea Basin

Natural gases discovered up to now in Lishui Sag, the East China Sea Basin, differ greatly in gaseous compositions, of which hydrocarbon gases amount to 2%–94% while non-hydrocarbon gases are dominated by CO₂. Their hydrocarbon gases, without exception, contain less than 90% of methane and over 10% of C₂ ⁺ heavier hydrocarbons, indicating a wet gas. Carbon isotopic analyses on these hydrocarbon gases showed that δ ¹³C₁, δ ¹³C₂ and δ ¹³C₃ are basically lighter than ?44‰, ?29‰ and ?26‰, respectively. The difference in carbon isotopic values between methane and ethane is great, suggesting a biogenic oil-type gas produced by the mixed organic matter at peak generation. δ ¹³ \(C_{CO_2 } \) values of nonhydrocarbon gases are all heavier than ?10‰, indicating a typical abiogenic gas. The simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generation of organic matter in a closed gold-tube system showed that the proportion of methane in natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit is obviously higher than that in natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit, consequently the proportion of heavier hydrocarbons of the former is remarkably lower than that of the latter. Moreover, δ ¹³C₁ values of natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit are about 5‰ heavier than those of natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit while δ ¹³C₂ and δ ¹³C₃ values of the former are over 9‰ heavier than those of the latter. Currently the LS36-1 oil-gas pool is the only commercial oil-gas reservoir in Lishui Sag, where carbon isotopic compositions of various hydrocarbon components differ greatly from those of natural gases produced by the Lingfeng Formation organic matter but are very similar to those of natural gases derived from the Yueguifeng Formation organic matter, therefore, natural gases in the LS36-1 oil-gas pool are mainly derived from the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine source rock rather than the Lingfeng Formation marine or Mingyuefeng Formation coal-measures source rocks.