Bulk viscosity of mixed nucleon–hyperon–quark matter in neutron stars

We calculate the coefficient of bulk viscosity by considering the non-leptonic weak interactions in the cores of hybrid stars with both hyperons and quarks. We first determine the dependence of the production rate of neutrons on the reaction rate of quarks in the non-leptonic processes, that is,  Γ _n = K _s Γ _s +Γ_Λ+ 2Γ_Σ−  . The conversion rate,   K _s   , in our scenario is a complicated function of baryon number density. We also consider the medium effect of quark matter on bulk viscosity. Using these results, we estimate the limiting rotation of the hybrid stars, which may suppress the r-mode instability more effectively. Hybrid stars should be the candidates for the extremely rapid rotators.     

Biocarbonation of reactive magnesia for soil improvement

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents a new microbial technique for soil improvement through microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) incorporating with reactive magnesia cement (RMC)....     

基于RS和GIS的日照万平口潟湖湿地景观格局演变研究

以日照万平口潟湖湿地为研究对象,利用遥感影像及GIS技术,选取景观格局指数,对1990-2014年万平口潟湖湿地的景观格局变化进行研究。结果表明:自1990年到2014年,潟湖浅滩、绿地、建设用地的面积显著增加,养殖池和耕地在潟湖湿地范围内已全部转化为潟湖浅滩、绿地和建设用地。潟湖湿地的景观格局指数表明,湿地景观类型多样性呈下降趋势,均匀度指数增加,聚集度和连通性显著上升。从景观格局分析的结果来看,奥林匹克水上公园的建设在一定程度上优化了万平口潟湖湿地的景观格局,湿地景观破碎化程度有所下降,为了更好地开发和利用潟湖湿地资源,提出了一些保护对策和建议。     

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology and Hf isotope,geochemistry and kinetics of the Daxigou anorthosite from Kuruqtagh block,NW China

Kuruqtagh block is the best area for Precambrian geology in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, NW China, since it exposed complete Precambrian lithology units. The study of this ancient base will deepen the understanding of the Precambrian evolution of the Tarim Basin. In this paper, we studied the petrology, geochemistry, zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb chronology and zircon Hf isotope of Daxigou anorthosite （DA） which is located at the northem margin of Tarim craton and discussed the rock formation, tectonic and geological significance. Zircons from the intrusions display oscillatory zoning and high Th/U ratios （0.39-1.35）, implying their magmatic origin. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results indicate that they formed during the Paleoproterozoic age with the weighted 2~6pb/238U average age of 1818~9 Ma, which is significantly different from former＇s Neoproterozoic age, and is co- incidentally identical with its associated syenite granite age within the error range. Studies on petrogeochemistry suggest that DA belongs to medium-sodium peraluminous alkaline type, rich in Pb, La, Th and LILE, and poor in HFSE （Gd, Nd, and Ta）. The chondrite-normalized REE pattern is slightly to the right form. The average Y~REE is 317.2~ 10-6; HREE show moderate fractionation [average LREE/HREE is 14.71, average （La/Yb）N is 24.77; average （LaJSm）N is 3.85, and average （Gd/Yb）y is 3.46]; and the 6Eu and 8Ce are not obvious. Their initial Hf isotope ratios and Hf two-stage model ages range from -6.6 to -4.43 and 2.63 to 2.74 Ga, respectively. Taken together, it is sug- gested that Daxigou anorthosite is a typical volcanic anorthosite and its primary magma could be contaminated by the partial melt Neoarchaean crust and mainly formed in the arc environment, which recoded the tectonic-magma activities response of the Tarim refers to the amalgamation of the supercontinent Columbia.     

Seismic stability for landfills with a triangular berm using pseudo-static limit equilibrium method

This paper extends a previously developed three-part wedge method for the seismic stability analysis of the landfill with a triangular berm using pseudo-static method, and moreover, the translation failure condition of the landfill along under bottom of the berm is only presented. In the seismic impact zone, it is necessary to consider the impact of the seismic force on the stability of the landfill. Generally, apart from the horizontal seismic force, the landfill is also subjected to both upward and downward vertical seismic forces. The downward vertical seismic force has a positive impact on the seismic stability of the landfill, while the upward vertical seismic force is just opposite. Therefore, simply ignoring vertical seismic force, the seismic stability of the landfill will be overestimated or underestimated in the seismic condition. Besides, the seismic yield coefficient is calculated by assuming FS_V = 2FS and the ratio of vertical seismic coefficient to horizontal seismic coefficient is equal to 2/3.     

瀑布沟水库蓄水前中小地震震源参数研究

研究瀑布沟水库蓄水前库区地震的活动性以及震源机制、应力场等震源参数的性质,为水库蓄水之后可能诱发地震活动的监测、成因及类型鉴别给出可供依据的参考.研究结果显示,水库库尾边缘西部地震活动水平相对较高;库中段的中小地震活动水平相对较弱;大坝附近的库首段地震活动水平相对较低,震源深度主要集中在5-15 km.研究区内小震震源机制解结果显示,瀑布沟水库蓄水前小震主要为走滑型地震,蓄水区与研究区平均应力场总体呈NW方向.     

Modeling residual circulation and stratification in Oujiang River estuary

A 3D,time-dependent,baroclinic,hydrodynamic and salinity model was implemented and applied to the Oujiang River estuarine system in the East China Sea.The model was driven by the forcing of tidal elevations along the open boundaries and freshwater inflows from the Oujiang River.The bottom friction coefficient and vertical eddy viscosity were adjusted to complete model calibration and verification in simulations.It is demonstrated that the model is capable of reproducing observed temporal variability in the water surface elevation and longitudinal velocity,presenting skill coefficient higher than 0.82.This model was then used to investigate the influence of freshwater discharge on residual current and salinity intrusion under different freshwater inflow conditions in the Oujiang River estuary.The model results reveal that the river channel presents a two-layer structure with flood currents near the bottom and ebb currents at the top layer in the region of seawater influenced on north shore under high river flow condition.The river discharge is a major factor affecting the salinity stratification in the estuarine system.The water exchange is mainly driven by the tidal forcing at the estuary mouth,except under high river flow conditions when the freshwater extends its influence from the river’s head to its mouth.     

汶川与昆仑山强烈地震激发的地球自由振荡频谱的对比分析

强烈地震激发的地震波信息非常丰富,高频信息能量部分会在小范围短时间内迅速衰减,而低频信息特别是较低频信息能量部分则衰减较慢,会绕地球很多圈后才会消耗殆尽,从而激发地球的自由振荡.虽然地球自由振荡的固有频率不变,但不同震源机制的地震激发的地球自由振荡频率成分会随着震级、震源机制、方位等的不同而有显著差别.本文利用2008年5月12日汶川(M_w7.9)地震与2001年11月14日昆仑山(M_w7.8)地震这两个能量震级相当但震源机制不同的地震,基于地震波传播理论,考虑横向各向同性PREM地球模型并融合Crust2.0地壳模型、S20RTS地幔模型及PREM径向衰减模型,利用谱元法结合高性能并行计算,对这两次强烈地震激发的全球地震波传播进行了数值模拟,计算它们激发的地球自由振荡频谱特征差异.计算结果显示了汶川地震的逆冲-走滑特性及昆仑山地震的水平左旋走滑特征.利用理论计算得到的地震波动记录进行功率谱密度估计对比分析,研究结果显示这两次强烈地震释放的低频信息能量大小相当,但总体上看昆仑山地震释放的能量略小于汶川地震的.对比分析表明,不同地震激发的地球自由振荡模式在同一台站处的发育程度不同;同一地震激发的地球自由振荡在不同台站处记录到的振型频率成分也有很大差异.对于不同地震激发的地球自由振荡,有一些频率成分共同出现,表现为地球自由振荡功率谱能量均较大;也有一些振型由于相长干涉,仅在某些地震中被激发而得以良好发育,表现为功率谱能量明显较大;而一些振型由于相消干涉,在一些地震激发方式下被压制,表现为功率谱能量明显很小,甚至接近于0.计算结果清楚地显示了不同地震激发方式下地球振荡模式丰富而复杂的特性,需要对不同地震激发的地球振荡信息进行综合深入的分析,才能对地球内部结构尤其横向不均匀特性给予全面的科学解释.     

Evaluation models of insurers’ risk management based on large system theory

The financial supply chain is increasingly recognized as an area offering significant potential for generating bottom-line improvements and creating competitive advantage. Insurers’ appraisal is one of the basic decisions for a company, and the choosing course has always many criterions. Considering the stability of the financial supply chain, the coordination evaluation and fuzzy multi-objective evaluation model of insurers’ risk management are firstly studied in this paper by using large system theory and methods. The corresponding coordination evaluation index model is then established to evaluate, forecast and control the actuality and the future of risk coordination management, and to improve the durative development for a combination pension model. The evaluation standards of numerous insurers are established to constitute a set of vectors. By presenting a dimensional point to each insurer, the optimal or the worst insurer is decided. Finally, the distances of each insurer to the optimal or the worst insurer on the basis of the Euclidean distance are counted, and the insurers’ ordering according to the value of distances is sorted out. The financial supply chain and large system theory and methods are combined to contribute new evaluation models that revise the deficiency of intrinsic model and improve the financial stability.     

Research of the Activity of Earthquakes Induced by Water Injection of Salt Mining in Changning County,Sichuan Province

According to information from on-the-spot investigations, the tectonics of salt mining areas and digital seismic records, we studied the activity of earthquakes induced by water pumping in and out of the salt mines in Shuanghe town, Changning county, Sichuan Province. The study found that the rates of water injection and extraction in the Shuanghe salt mining region were evenly matched before April 2006 and earthquake activity was stable. On the other hand, shallow small and moderate earthquake numbers increased sharply after the water injection rate became much larger than the water extraction rate. Large injection over a long time may causes the permeation of water through pre-existing small fractures and micro-cracks in the Changning anticlinal and accelerate the rupture of micro tectonic formations in nearby regions, inducing small earthquake swarm activity. The Q value calculated by using digital earthquake records indicates a relatively inhomogeneous medium in this area. The results of the accurate location of small earthquakes show that sources are relatively shallow and are concentrated at a depth of 2km to 3km. Focal mechanism solutions reveal a normal dip-slip character of shallow earthquakes. All of these show certain characteristics of earthquake activity induced by water injection.