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EMD方法在广西夏季降水量预测中的应用

对广西夏季降水量进行EMD分解后,利用均生函数相关法,比较不同IMF分量组合建模的预测,不同组合试验预测显示,用前二个IMF分量组合建模预测是最佳的组合方案。经对2001—2010年共10年广西夏季降水量实际预测检验表明,趋势预测准确率达70%以上,对夏季降水量预测较有参考价值。为基层台站的气候预测及服务提供一个客观预测方法。     

遥感信息与作物模型结合在冬小麦区域模拟中的应用

遥感数据与作物模型结合是当前农业信息技术应用研究的重要内容和发展趋势之一,能够解决单独利用遥感或作物模型无法解决的问题。为了开展大范围、区域性作物生长过程的模拟和产量预测,首先对作物模型WOFOST进行了订正和验证,使得调整后的模型适于模拟河南新乡县冬小麦生长;根据实际生产分三类情形模拟新乡县2002—2003年度冬小麦的生长发育状况;利用全生育期内能获取的Landsat-7 ETM+数据反演叶面积指数,结合WOFOST模型的模拟情况,确定每个像元对应的冬小麦的生长状况,从而在像元上实现了WOFOST模型对冬小麦生长的模拟;最后对照比较本研究方法的结果与当年新乡县冬小麦的统计情况,结果相近,验证了本文研究方法的技术可行性。     

陕北煤矿区地质环境保护与恢复治理措施——以神府矿区郭家湾煤矿为例

郭家湾煤矿地处神府矿区新民采区西北部,为生态环境脆弱区。井田七层煤三个煤组开采后引发地面塌陷、含水层疏干、土地结构变化等地质环境问题,严重制约了地方经济的发展。为了煤炭资源可持续发展,研究陕北煤矿区地质环境保护与恢复治理措施,以1∶10000野外详细调查为依据,首先进行现状评估,然后针对矿山工程建设可能遭受、加剧、引发的矿山地质环境问题进行预测评估,最后提出了以移民搬迁、回填裂缝、生态恢复、建立矿山地质环境监测体系等为主的防治措施,让煤矿开采与矿山地质环境问题恢复治理并行。旨为陕北地区乃至全国煤矿,在保护地质环境中开发利用矿产资源提供依据和示范。     

Geochemistry,and zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology of Jilongshan Cu–Au deposit,southeastern Hubei Province,China

The Jilongshan skarn Cu–Au deposit is located at the Jiurui ore cluster region in the southwestern part of the Middle–Lower Yangtze River valley metallogenic belt. The region is characterized by NW‐, NNW‐ and EW‐trending faults and the mineralization occurs at the contact of lower Triassic carbonate rocks and Jurassic granodiorite porphyry intrusions. The intrusives are characterized by SiO₂, K₂O, and Na₂O concentrations ranging from 61.66 to 67.8 wt.%, 3.29 to 5.65 wt.%, and 2.83 to 3.9 wt.%, respectively. Their A/CNK (A/CNK = n(Al₂O₃)/[n(CaO) + n(Na₂O) + n(K₂O)]) ratio, δEu, and δCe vary from 0.77 to 1.17, 0.86 to 1, and 0.88 to 0.96, respectively. The rocks show enrichment in light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)_N = 7.61–12.94) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE), such as Zr, Ti. They also display a peraluminous, high‐K calc‐alkaline signature typical of intrusives associated with skarn and porphyry Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb age indicates that the granodiorite porphyry formed at 151.75 ± 0.70 Ma. A few inherited zircons with older ages (677 ± 10 Ma, 848 ± 11 Ma, 2645 ± 38 Ma, and 3411 ± 36 Ma) suggest the existence of an Archaean basement beneath the Middle–Lower Yangtze River region. The temperature of crystallization of the porphyry estimated from zircon thermometer ranges from 744.3 °C to 751.5 °C, and 634.04 °C to 823.8 °C. Molybdenite Re–Os dating shows that the Jilongshan deposit formed at 150.79 ± 0.82 Ma. The metallogeny and magmatism are correlated to mantle–crust interaction, associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate from the east. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

胶北南山口含榴辉石岩岩石学与锆石U-Pb定年的初步研究

胶北南山口镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩主要由含榴辉石岩和含榴基性麻粒岩所组成,且以不规则透镜体的形式赋存于太古宙英云闪长质片麻岩之中。岩相学观察、矿物相转变分析与矿物化学研究结果表明,胶北南山口含榴辉石岩不仅普遍发育近等温减压反应结构,即石榴石+富钙流体→单斜辉石+葡萄石+榍石±钠长石与石榴石+富钙流体+二氧化碳→角闪石+葡萄石±钠长石±方解石±榍石,指示其早期可能经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用。而且,与南山口含榴基性麻粒岩类似,在晚期降温退变过程中,它们还经历了强烈的钙质交代作用,形成富钙矿物组合:富钙铝榴石的石榴石+次透辉石质单斜辉石+钙质角闪石+葡萄石+钠长石+方解石+榍石。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,胶北南山口含榴辉石岩中的岩浆锆石记录了2900~2850Ma的207Pb/206Pb年龄,指示胶北地体在中太古代晚期存在一次重要的岩浆事件,而其变质锆石还记录了1950~1800Ma的207Pb/206Pb年龄,说明胶北南山口镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩曾卷入了胶北古元古代晚期地壳造山作用。结合研究区其它地质研究资料,本文推断胶北南山口镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩可能形成于古元古代,是华北克拉通胶-辽-吉带古元古代岩系的重要组成部分,并于1950~1800Ma期间,卷入了胶-辽-吉带古元古代造山作用,先后经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用和晚期降温与钙质交代的联合退变质作用。     

斑岩铜矿成矿构造背景研究进展

斑岩铜矿是指与具斑状结构的中酸性侵入岩伴生,蚀变与矿化受流体、构造控制且分带明显,矿石以细脉浸染状为主,低品位、大储量的铜矿床,是最重要的铜矿床类型。大地构造背景对斑岩铜矿的形成具有重要意义,经典的斑岩铜矿主要产于岛弧、陆缘弧环境。然而,近年来国内矿床学家发现,国内形成于大陆环境的斑岩铜矿与大洋板块俯冲、板块消减作用无关,斑岩铜矿还可产于碰撞造山带,甚至是在陆内环境。相比之下,不同构造背景下形成的斑岩铜矿床含矿岩浆、成矿物质来源、矿床成因等方面存在一定差异与共性。综述了目前斑岩铜矿研究内容中的关于构造背景的一些重要观点和几个重要进展,对比了不同构造背景下形成的斑岩铜矿床的含矿岩浆、蚀变矿化、成矿流体等方面的共性与差异,以期对斑岩型矿床的成因与找矿提供一定的线索。     

Effects of Crustal Structure for Estimation of Vertical Load Deformation on the Solid Earth Using GRACE in China Mainland

When the inversion of vertical load deformation on Earth’s surface using GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) data, the load Love numbers based on PREM (Preliminary Reference Earth Model) are commonly used. But the crustal structure under China mainland especially under Tibet Plateau is quite different from that given by PREM Earth model. New load Love numbers were calculated based on a modified Earth model which accounted for regional crustal structure in China mainland. And the effect of regional crustal structure in China mainland for estimation of vertical load deformation on Earth’s surface using GRACE RL05 data was investigated in this paper. It is found that the effect of crustal difference is very prominent. The relative difference of load Love numbers for vertical deformation can reach about 11% at degree 90. The extreme value of difference in vertical load deformation below 90 degree of spherical harmonic coefficients located at the southeastern Tibet Plateau and the maximum relative difference reaches 10%. The relative difference of the root mean square is about 4%. It is suggesting that an Earth model with a more realistic crustal structue instead of PREM should be used for the estimation of vertical load deformation in China mainland espacially in Tibet Plateau.     

1989—2019年中国滑雪场时空特征及其演变规律

滑雪场空间分布特征、集聚演变状况与分布方向性变化深刻影响着中国滑雪旅游乃至冰雪产业的发展。运用地统计学空间分析原理,通过最邻近指数分析、空间自相关分析、核密度分析、标准差椭圆及平均中心分析,对1990年前后每10 a 中国滑雪场空间特征及其演变规律进行了综合分析。结果显示：① 1990年之前,仅在黑龙江和吉林省有7家滑雪场,且分布较为离散。② 1990—1999年,滑雪场数量呈小幅增长,空间上出现向新疆、河北和四川扩散的现象。③ 2000—2009年,滑雪场增速较快,并形成了以哈尔滨?牡丹江、北京?张家口两地区为核心的滑雪场双核驱动模式。④ 2010—2019年,是滑雪场数量增速最快的10 a,期间新增滑雪场522家,并在双核驱动模式基础上,逐步形成了以长白山、燕山–太行山为主要条带的联通南北的滑雪场空间结构。总体上,近30 a中国滑雪场呈现出了“南展西扩东进”的空间演变特征。该研究结果对于未来中国滑雪场空间布局、优化及其区域间的协调发展具有一定的理论指导意义。