全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10780篇 |
免费 | 2074篇 |
国内免费 | 2703篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 870篇 |
大气科学 | 2134篇 |
地球物理 | 2465篇 |
地质学 | 5680篇 |
海洋学 | 1453篇 |
天文学 | 482篇 |
综合类 | 1099篇 |
自然地理 | 1374篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 79篇 |
2023年 | 275篇 |
2022年 | 627篇 |
2021年 | 676篇 |
2020年 | 552篇 |
2019年 | 558篇 |
2018年 | 670篇 |
2017年 | 574篇 |
2016年 | 651篇 |
2015年 | 577篇 |
2014年 | 669篇 |
2013年 | 638篇 |
2012年 | 553篇 |
2011年 | 579篇 |
2010年 | 616篇 |
2009年 | 557篇 |
2008年 | 520篇 |
2007年 | 488篇 |
2006年 | 363篇 |
2005年 | 318篇 |
2004年 | 320篇 |
2003年 | 322篇 |
2002年 | 473篇 |
2001年 | 394篇 |
2000年 | 368篇 |
1999年 | 468篇 |
1998年 | 402篇 |
1997年 | 341篇 |
1996年 | 337篇 |
1995年 | 273篇 |
1994年 | 252篇 |
1993年 | 193篇 |
1992年 | 170篇 |
1991年 | 123篇 |
1990年 | 127篇 |
1989年 | 91篇 |
1988年 | 74篇 |
1987年 | 68篇 |
1986年 | 55篇 |
1985年 | 37篇 |
1984年 | 27篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 23篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1958年 | 4篇 |
1954年 | 5篇 |
1936年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
火是生态系统中的重要因子,是反映古气候和环境变化的重要标志。因此,重建火活动历史可以帮助我们理解过去的气候变化和火活动的机制,但是目前在全球范围内十分缺少对中新世时期高分辨率的火活动记录的研究。炭屑已被证明是重建火活动历史的有效替代性指标,基于青藏高原东北缘武山盆地中中新世时期高分辨率的炭屑记录,重建了研究区天然火活动历史,结合现有资料,探讨了火-植被-气候之间的关系以及研究区火活动对全球变化的响应。结果表明:(1) 15.30~13.60 Ma时期,炭屑总浓度变化范围为59~4324粒·g-1,平均浓度为835粒·g-1。炭屑形状以次圆形为主,且几乎所有的炭屑粒径都小于50 μm,反映出研究区天然火活动是以乔木植物燃烧的森林火活动为主,主要是区域性火活动。根据炭屑总浓度的变化趋势,将研究区天然火活动历史分为2个主要阶段。阶段Ⅰ(15.30~14.00 Ma):炭屑总浓度逐步增加,平均浓度为866粒·g-1。其中,阶段Ⅰ又可以细分为3个次要阶段,Ⅰa(15.30~14.38 Ma):炭屑总浓度最低,平均浓度为693粒·g-1;Ⅰb(14.38~14.20 Ma):炭屑总浓度快速减少,平均浓度为1140粒·g-1;Ⅰc(14.20~14.00 Ma):炭屑总浓度急剧增加,平均浓度为988粒·g-1。阶段Ⅱ(14.00~13.60 Ma):炭屑总浓度急剧减少,平均浓度为777粒·g-1。(2) 孢粉数据重建的研究区的植被和气候变化结果表明,15.30~14.38 Ma时期为开阔的森林植被,湿度较低;14.38~14.00 Ma时期乔木增加,湿度增加;14.00~13.60 Ma时期乔木属种显著减少,湿度降低。(3) 经过对比分析,炭屑总浓度变化趋势与乔木类花粉百分比趋势相近,次圆形炭屑浓度趋势与阔叶类植物花粉的百分比趋势显著正相关,认为武山盆地中中新世的天然火活动与森林植被的盖度(尤其是阔叶林的盖度)有较强联系,在气候温暖湿润的时期,炭屑浓度高。此外,通过对比炭屑总浓度趋势和深海底栖有孔虫氧同位素的变化,可以推测,全球温度变化可能通过影响研究区植被变化来对天然火活动产生重要影响。 相似文献
72.
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????з???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????С????????????????÷????????????????????????????????????У???????????????????????? 相似文献
73.
74.
75.
以中部六省为研究对象,对R&D经费投入总量及强度、R&D经费的支出结构与来源结构进行深入分析,并找出与先进地区或国家相比存在的差距。研究结果表明:中部六省之间,R&D经费投入与结构均存在较大差异。总体而言,中部六省R&D经费投入不足,强度偏低;对原始创新重视程度不够,R&D经费支出在科研机构与高校所占的比例以及在基础研究与应用研究所占的比例偏低;政府对R&D活动支持的力度有待进一步提升。 相似文献
76.
Chinese summer extreme rainfall often brings huge economic losses, so the prediction of summer extreme rainfall is necessary. This study focuses on the predictability of the leading mode of Chinese summer extreme rainfall from empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis. The predictors used in this study are Arctic sea ice concentration(ASIC) and regional sea surface temperature(SST) in selected optimal time periods. The most important role that Arctic sea ice(ASI) plays in the appearance of EOF1 may be strengthening the high pressure over North China, thereby preventing water vapor from going north. The contribution of SST is mainly at low latitudes and characterized by a significant cyclone anomaly over South China. The forecast models using predictor ASIC(PA), SST(PS), and the two together(PAS) are established by using data from 1980 to 2004. An independent forecast is made for the last 11 years(2005-2015). The correlation coefficient(COR) skills between the observed and cross-validation reforecast principal components(PC) of the PA, PS, and PAS models are 0.47, 0.66, and 0.76, respectively. These values indicate that SST is a major cause of Chinese summer extreme rainfall during 1980-2004. The COR skill of the PA model during the independent forecast period of 2004-2015 is 0.7, which is significantly higher than those of the PS and PAS models. Thus, the main factor influencing Chinese summer extreme rainfall in recent years has changed from low latitudes to high latitudes. The impact of ASI on Chinese summer extreme rainfall is becoming increasingly significant. 相似文献
77.
This study on the environmental quality of the Qingdao Cove intertidal zone sewage discharge area is based on data obtained
from the December of 1989 and 1990 macrobenthos investigations there, and uses pollution indicator species and computer aided
cladistic analysis to divide the area into a polluted area and a semipolluted area. The study showed the environmental quality
in 1990 improved over that in 1989.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Fonndation of China 相似文献
78.
More than 240 items of historical records containing climatic information were retrieved from official historical books, local
chronicles, annals and regional meteorological disaster yearbooks. By using moisture index and flood/drought (F/D) index obtained
from the above information, the historical climate change, namely wet-dry conditions in borderland of Shaanxi Province, Gansu
Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (BSGN, mainly included Ningxialu, Hezhoulu, Gongchanglu, Fengyuanlu and Yan’anlu
in the Yuan Dynasty) was studied. The results showed that the climate of the region was generally dry and the ratio between
drought and flood disasters was 85/38 during the period of 1208–1369. According to the frequencies of drought-flood disasters,
the whole period could be divided into three phases. (1) 1208–1240: drought dominated the phase with occasional flood disasters.
(2) 1240–1320: long-time drought disasters and extreme drought events happened frequently. (3) 1320–1369: drought disasters
were less severe when flood and drought disasters happened alternately. Besides, the reconstructed wet-dry change curve revealed
obvious transition and periodicity in the Mongol-Yuan Period. The transitions occurred in 1230 and 1325. The wet-dry change
revealed 10- and 23-year quasi-periods which were consistent with solar cycles, indicating that solar activity had affected
the wet-dry conditions of the study region in the Mongol-Yuan Period. The reconstructed results were consistent with two other
study results reconstructed from natural evidences, and were similar to another study results from historical documents. All
the above results showed that the climate in BSGN was characterized by long-time dry condition with frequent severe drought
disasters during 1258 to 1308. Thus, these aspects of climatic changes might have profound impacts on local vegetation and
socio-economic system. 相似文献
79.
为了研究碱湖N2O释放速率及其对盐度与pH的响应,选取内蒙古大克泊碱湖的五个沉积物样点,采用15N同位素标记模拟实验,研究反硝化和厌氧氨氧化的速率、相对比例和气体产生情况,揭示高盐和高pH对碱湖氮移除的影响。发现大克泊湖潜在氮移除速率为0~16.06 n mol N mL-1 h-1,潜在反硝化速率为0~12.62 n mol N mL-1 h-1,潜在厌氧氨氧化速率为0~9.81 n mol N mL-1 h-1;当盐度34.00 g·L-1与pH 10.22时,厌氧氨氧化对氮移除贡献较大,达到43.18%~71.79%。反硝化过程气体产物以N2为主,几乎无N2O气体释出。另外,该区域潜在氮移除速率与pH呈正相关关系,与TOC、NO-3、HCO-3呈负相关关系;未发现氮移除速率与盐度之间的相关关系。因此,在研究的碱湖中,氮移除过程中主要为N2排放,而N2O低于检测水平;氮移除过程的影响因素复杂且不限于最主要的环境变量(盐度与pH)。这些结果为研究湖泊N2O排放提供了数据基础。 相似文献
80.