全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4496篇 |
免费 | 941篇 |
国内免费 | 1189篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 457篇 |
大气科学 | 769篇 |
地球物理 | 938篇 |
地质学 | 2620篇 |
海洋学 | 619篇 |
天文学 | 146篇 |
综合类 | 450篇 |
自然地理 | 627篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 34篇 |
2023年 | 108篇 |
2022年 | 297篇 |
2021年 | 303篇 |
2020年 | 257篇 |
2019年 | 282篇 |
2018年 | 311篇 |
2017年 | 271篇 |
2016年 | 283篇 |
2015年 | 261篇 |
2014年 | 269篇 |
2013年 | 276篇 |
2012年 | 224篇 |
2011年 | 250篇 |
2010年 | 257篇 |
2009年 | 232篇 |
2008年 | 213篇 |
2007年 | 206篇 |
2006年 | 144篇 |
2005年 | 155篇 |
2004年 | 153篇 |
2003年 | 178篇 |
2002年 | 306篇 |
2001年 | 239篇 |
2000年 | 206篇 |
1999年 | 202篇 |
1998年 | 116篇 |
1997年 | 86篇 |
1996年 | 78篇 |
1995年 | 76篇 |
1994年 | 73篇 |
1993年 | 59篇 |
1992年 | 56篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 4篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有6626条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
162.
163.
Urbanization in modern times led to a series of development strategies that brought new opportunities in China. Rapid urbanization caused severe stress to the ecosystems and the environment. Using the center-of-gravity(COG) method and parameters such as population, economy, and land, we studied the urbanization pattern in Songhua River Basin and its southern source sub-basin from 1990 to 2010. Urbanization was analyzed based on the COG position, eccentric distance, movement direction of COG, and distance of COG movement. Various characteristics of urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River were explained in relation to the whole Songhua River Basin. Urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River is balanced, relatively advanced, and stable compared to the whole Songhua River Basin. The average eccentric distance between the urbanization COGs in the Songhua River′s south source basin indicated rapid expansion of land urbanization during the span of this study. A basic pattern of urbanization COG in the whole Songhua Basin was observed, but there existed differences among the three aspects of urbanization process. Land urbanization is still in its active stage, so future studies should focus on analysis of such urbanization trends. 相似文献
164.
Oplegnathus fasciatus (rock bream) is a commercial rocky reef fish species in East Asia that has been considered for aquaculture. We estimated the population genetic diversity and population structure of the species along the coastal waters of China using fluorescent-amplified fragment length polymorphisms technology. Using 53 individuals from three populations and four pairs of selective primers, we amplified 1 264 bands, 98.73% of which were polymorphic. The Zhoushan population showed the highest Nei’s genetic diversity and Shannon genetic diversity. The results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 59.55% of genetic variation existed among populations and 40.45% occurred within populations, which indicated that a significant population genetic structure existed in the species. The pairwise fixation index F st ranged from 0.20 to 0.63 and were significant after sequential Bonferroni correction. The topology of an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean tree showed two significant genealogical branches corresponding to the sampling locations of North and South China. The AMOVA and STRUCTURE analyses suggested that the O. fasciatus populations examined should comprise two stocks. 相似文献
165.
LI Yunfeng HUANG Wei WANG Hongshan David L. DILCHER TAN Xiao LI Tao NA Yuling SUN Chunlin 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(4):1649-1650
正Objective The Jehol Biota,a world-famous Early Cretaceous fossil Lagerst?tte characterized by the traditional Eosestheria-Ephemeropsis-Lycoptera(EEL)assemblage,has a wide distribution over most parts of northern China,the coastal area of southeastern China,southeastern Mongolia,Transbaikalian area of Russia,Korea and Japan(Shao et al.,2017).The Baishan Basin,situated in 相似文献
166.
167.
168.
XIA Bin LU Ye YUAN Yajuan CHEN Weiyan ZHANG Xiao XU Chi YU Shengrui WAN Zhifeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(5):1753-1768
New zircon U–Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopes from the Habo porphyry Western Yunnan, China, were determined to provide constraints on the timing of uplift of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The intrusive rocks consist of shoshonitic porphyry (syenite porphyry and monzonite porphyry). Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb dating indicates coeval emplacement ages of ~35 Ma. The porphyries have alkaline affinities, enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) (e.g., Rb, Th, U, Pb), with depletion of high field strength elements (HFSEs) (e.g., Nb, Ti, Ta) and weak Eu anomalies. They display uniform Lu–Hf isotopic compositions with negative zircon εHf(t) values ranging from -3.9 to -0.6. The chemical characteristics of the syenite porphyries indicated that they most likely originated from the lower crust, with mantle-derived material involved in their generation. Geochemically, the monzonite porphyries are similar to the syenite porphyries; however, the lower MgO contents suggest that they were produced by different degrees of partial melting of the same lower crust source. Combined with the geochemical and isotopic data in this paper, imply that the alkali-rich porphyries of the Habo polymetallic deposit were derived from the partial melting of lower crust, enriched by mantle magma, formed in a conversion stage from stress extrusion (a strike-slip shear process) to local stress relaxation (a strike-slip pull-apart process) at the Ailaoshao tectonic zone. 相似文献
169.
Saba Fatima Ishtiaque Hussain Atta Rasool Tangfu Xiao Abida Farooqi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(10):382
The study was done to assess the effect of the river Sutlej on arsenic (As) contamination. Sampling was done from the alluvial plain with increasing distance from the river Sutlej in district Vehari and compared with the study done in the proximity of River Sutlej. Sixty (60) groundwater samples mostly from shallow depths were collected and analyzed for As concentrations. Multivariate statistical tools (PCA and CA), saturation index, piper plots and Gibbs diagrams were used to detect evidence about the interrelationship and sources of As and other water quality variables responsible for groundwater contamination. Results revealed that As concentration ranged from below detection limit to 156 µg/L indicating that 50% samples exceeding the WHO guidelines (10 µg/L) and 17% exceeding the Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) limits (50 µg/L) Sutlej. The piper plot revealed that water chemistry of the study area was Ca–HCO3?, Ca–Mg–Cl, type. Correlations between As and HCO3? (r2?=?0.433) was positive, while negative correlations were observed between As–Mn2+ and As–Fe2+ (r2?=???0.102), (r2?=?0.107) respectively. Geochemical signatures of the groundwater in the study area showed that the As could be released by oxidative dissolution to some extent and elevated evaporation in the arid environment of the study area under the stimulus of alkaline water and high pH (range 7.1–8.4). Although the concentrations are exceeding the WHO limit in 50% of the water samples but, are less than the previous study done in Mailsi near River Sutlej. Further, the concentrations decreased as the distance from the River increased which shows the probable role of sediments deposited by the River Sutlej. 相似文献
170.
Su Li Cui Jia Ding Wang Xiao Dong Wang Yan Feng Du Xue Pan Wang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(17):521
In this study, the effects of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the swelling properties, strength properties, and microstructures of CKD-stabilized expansive soil were investigated. Samples were prepared and stabilized with different CKD content ratios, ranging from 0 to 18% by dry mass. The results obtained show that the maximum swelling pressures decrease exponentially with increases in CKD content. Both the cohesion and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increase at ratios below 10% CKD and then decrease slightly, above that ratio. CKD can also improve the strength of saturated, expansive soil. There is no visible change of UCS for soil without CKD when cured, while the UCS of a sample with 10% CKD content after curing for 90 days is higher than that after curing for only 1 day. This indicates that CKD can improve the long-term strength of expansive soil. Finally, microstructure analysis reveals that the addition of CKD reduces the montmorillonite content of expansive soil and decreases its swelling properties. The addition of CKD also changes the pore volume distribution, both the size and amount of macro-pores and micro-pores decrease with increase in CKD content. For saturated samples, the size of macro-pores is obviously reduced, while that of micro-pores is slightly increased for both treated and untreated soils. Hydration and saturation processes make the soil structure become dispersive which results in a lower strength, and adding CKD can restrain this process. The suggested optimal CKD content is between 10 and 14% and with a curing time of more than 27 days. 相似文献