Method for calibrating a theoretical model in karst springs: an example for a hydropower station in South China

A theoretical, dimensionless rainfall–runoff model was used to simulate the discharge of Wulongdong spring in western Hubei province, South China. The single parameter (time constant τ) in the model is easy to obtain by fitting the recession rate of the observed hydrographs. The model was scaled by simply matching the total annual flow volume of the model to the observed value. Annual distribution of actual evapotranspiration was embedded in the model input to calculate the accumulated deficit of soil moisture before each rain event. Hourly precipitation input data performed better than daily data, defining τ of 0.85 days and returning a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.89 and the root mean square error of 0.07. This model offers an effective way to simulate the discharge of karst springs that respond sensitively to rainfall events. The model parameters of a successful simulation can be used to estimate the recharge area and indicate the intrinsic response time of the basin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

龙门山及其邻区的地壳厚度和泊松比

根据龙门山及其周边地区(26°～35°N,98°～109°E)的132个台站的宽频带远震记录,使用H-k叠加方法计算地壳厚度和波速比.结果表明该区域的地壳厚度总体变化是:从东向西增加,东部的最小厚度为37.8km,西部的最大厚度是68.1 km,其中横跨龙门山断裂带的地壳厚度变化最大,从东南的41.5km增加到西北的52.5km.根据Airy均衡理论,用台站的高程和观测地壳厚度数据求得最小二乘意义下的壳幔密度差为0.649g/cm3,平均地壳厚度为37.9km.龙门山及其邻近地区基本上处于均衡状态.松潘-甘孜地体北部和西秦岭造山带具有低泊松比(v<0.26),扬子地台的西南部具有低一中泊松比(v<0.27),松潘-甘孜地体南部、三江褶皱带和四川盆地具有中一高泊松比(0.26≤P≤0.29).该地区的泊松比空间分布不支持青藏高原东部广泛分布的下地壳流的假说.龙门山断裂带南段及其附近地区的高泊松比(v≥0.30)可以看成是地壳具有较高的铁镁质组分和/或存在部分熔融.该地区下地壳可能是处于富含流体和温度较高的部分熔融状态.松潘-甘孜块体南部的上地壳物质向东运动,受刚性强度较大的扬子地台的阻挡,导致沿龙门山断裂带产生应变积累.当断层被地壳流体弱化,积累的应变能量快速释放,产生汶川Ms8.0地震.     

西藏改则盆地渐新统—中新统康托组沉积相特征

改则盆地地处青藏高原羌塘地层区,研究程度较低。通过对西藏改则盆地新近系康托组沉积特征和沉积岩相的详细研究,共划分出3类沉积相:扇三角洲相、湖泊三角洲相和湖泊相,整体表现为自下向上沉积物粒度由粗到细、水深逐渐增大的退积序列。综合区域地质特征及古流向分析认为,改则盆地渐新世—中新世的沉积演化可大致分为2个阶段:盆地初始裂陷阶段和盆地稳定沉积阶段。康托组剖面沉积相的研究有助于了解改则盆地渐新世—中新世的沉积演化。     

华北地台前寒武花岗岩类、陆壳演化与克拉通形成

通过华北前寒武纪花岗岩类的研究,提出英云闪长岩和奥长花岗岩（Ｔ１Ｔ２）代表不成熟陆壳组成,Ｔ１Ｔ２Ｇ１Ｇ２代表半成熟陆壳组成,花岗闪长岩和花岗岩（Ｇ１Ｇ２）代表成熟陆壳组成。讨论了大陆根的形成与性质。识别出华北地台内１０个太古陆核。讨论了中太古代初始陆核、新太古代陆核;新太古代末两个微大陆尺度的陆核的形成;早元古代两个成熟陆核的构造拼合并形成华北克拉通     

A multi-scale 3-D crust velocity model in the Hefei-Chao Lake area around the southern segment of Tanlu Fault Zone

Regional high-precision velocity models of the crust are an important foundation for examining seismic activity, seismogenic environments, and disaster distribution characteristics. The Hefei-Chao Lake area contains the main geological units of Hefei Basin, with thick sediments and the Chao Lake depression. Several major concealed faults of the southern NNE-trending Tanlu Fault Zone cross this area. To further explore the underground distribution characteristics of the faults and their tectonic evolutionary relationship with adjacent tectonic units, this study used ambient noise data recorded by a seismic array deployed in Hefei City and Chao Lake, constructing a 3-D velocity model at the depth of 1–8 km. Then a multi-scale high-resolution 3-D velocity model of this area was constructed by this new upper crustal velocity model with the previous middle and lower crustal model. The new model reveals that a high-velocity belt is highly consistent with the strike of the Tanlu Fault Zone, and a low-velocity sedimentary characteristic is consistent with the Hefei Basin and Chao Lake depression. The distribution morphology of high and low velocity bodies shows that the sedimentary pattern of Hefei-Chao Lake area is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the Tanlu Fault Zone since the Mesozoic. This study also identifies multiple low-velocity anomalies in the southeastern Hefei City. We speculate that strong ground motion during the 2009 Feidong earthquake (magnitude of 3.5) was related to amplification by the thick sediments in the Hefei Basin. We also discuss further applications of multi-scale high-resolution models of the shallow layer to strong ground motion simulations in cities and for earthquake disaster assessments.     

西安市冬季采暖气象条件分析和预报方法初探

对西安市冬季采暖气象条件和预报方法进行了研究。根据国家采暖规范结合西安冬季采暖的实际，首先对西安1951年7月到2003年6月历年的逐日气象资料进行了详尽的分析，比较了国家采暖日期相关规范和规定中的3种不同的统计方法，确定了符合西安特点的采暖初终日。充分利用T213数值预报产品，对2002年和2003年两个冬半年的逐日850hPa和500hPa各时次各类气象要素及与之对应的西安各时次实况的气温作了相关分析，建立了回归方程，提出了采暖期及其逐日气温预报。     

利用SLR计算地心运动方法研究

Three methods for calculation of geocenter motion are intruduced.     

ALGEBRAIC ROSSBY SOLITARY WAVE AND BLOCKING IN THE ATMOSPHERE

In this paper, the atmosphere is divided into two regions which are governed by different equations. Furthermore, multiple-scale method is used to obtain the Benjamin-Ono equation satisfied by the nonlinear Rossby wave in weak shear zonal flow. The equation has algebraic solitary wave solution, and the sta-tionary streamfunction fields in the atmosphere are calculated by using numerical method, and the results demonstrate that the stationary solution is antisymmetric dipoles with the anticyclone north of the cyclone, and the structure is similar to the equivalent modon obtained by Mcwilliains (1980), Because the modon obtained here is an algebraic solitary wave, the modon may be called “algebraic modon”, and the stationary algebraic modon is consistent with observations of blocking pattern in the atmosphere.     

分布式气象内容管理系统设计

提出了一套分布式气象内容管理系统的设计思路及其技术方法。以中国气象组织体系（包括中央及各省市的气象信息网络和服务器设备）为建设基础,采用LDM通信传输、存储/内容管理、图形化服务产品生成、本体化气象服务、行政区变尺度客观分析等构成组件,构建了覆盖中央及各省市气象业务和服务的分布式气象内容管理系统。实践运行表明,这种采用了统一定义、接口及信息表达方式的内容管理系统可有效提高气象数据的访问、分享及处理效率,加快了各种气象服务产品的开发速度,拓宽了气象信息的服务范围。     

GPS软件接收机捕获方法研究

为解决GPS软件接收机中频信号的捕获问题,首先基于FFT的并行码捕获实现了对基带信号的粗捕,对粗捕的捕获判决进行改进,采用自适应门限值调整方法,即基于次高峰判决,同时对次高峰的寻找采用开窗原理;然后利用FFT的频域分析方法进行精捕。与传统相位差分精捕不同,利用FFT频域内对中频信号进行精捕,通过增大FFT变换的点数来提高精捕频率的分辨率,同时具体给出了粗捕和精捕的具体捕获步骤以及主要的技术问题;最后利用一组GPS实测数据对上述分析进行了计算,实验结果表明：基于FFT的GPS信号的粗捕与利用FFT的频域精捕方法非常有效,捕获快速准确,可以满足GPS软件接收机的要求。