海带雌性配子体克隆细胞的超低温保存实验

生物种质资源保存的超低温冷冻保存技术在国内外已进行了广泛的研究[1],在藻类种质保存工作方面,绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻[2~6]以及紫菜[7~9]的超低温保存工作也取得了良好的进展.海带配子体(克隆)是一种以有丝分裂方式进行细胞增殖的微小藻体,并可通过两性生殖或单性生殖发育成大型叶状体.     

Vertical Variability of the Undrained Shear Strength of Golden Horn Clay

In this study, a stochastic method was applied to investigate if there exists a statistical correlation between values of undrained shear strength at various vertical distances along Golden Horn. Therefore, the undrained shear strength values measured by field vane shear tests at different depths were used to determine the depth dependent variation of the mean value and standard deviation. Futhermore, autocorrelation functions were defined to describe the correlation between values of c_u at different depths. The study showed that the applied method might provide a statistical range to estimate the undrained shear strength value at depths where no measurements are undertaken.     

1960-2017年艾比湖流域实际蒸散量与气象要素的变化特征

传统估算蒸散发的方法大都基于局地尺度,而在生态水文发生剧烈变化的资料稀缺流域背景下,充分考虑流域下垫面的空间变异性的陆面过程模型为流域长时序、大尺度及连续模拟实际蒸散量提供了新途径.以艾比湖流域为研究区,应用可变下渗能力模型(VIC)模拟1960-2017年艾比湖流域的水文过程,探讨研究区值实际蒸散发量的年、月、日时空...     

Quantitative risk assessment of landslides with direct simulation of pre-failure to post-failure behaviors

Most previous studies on the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of landslides focused on the probability of slope failure at the pre-failure stage and adopted empirical models for consequence analysis. The conventional approaches simplify the relationship between the pre-failure state and the post-failure behavior and cannot reasonably account for the effects of uncertainty on the entire landslide process. In this paper, an efficient QRA method that involves the direct simulation of the entire landslide process is proposed. A QRA formula that considers the probability of only those landslides that can impact the element at risk is used. The coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method is used to simulate the entire landslide process and to identify slopes that can impact the element at risk and determine the failure consequences. The subset simulation method is adopted to efficiently estimate the probability of landslide impact, and parameter uncertainty is considered. Two case histories of landslides are investigated. First, the 2011 Baqiao loess landslide in Xi’an, China, is investigated, and the results of the proposed method are compared with those of the conventional approaches. Second, the proposed method is applied to assess the risk of the 2015 Ganjingzi landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir. The effects of the risk mitigation works are also discussed.

     

Spatiotemporal data model for network time geographic analysis in the era of big data

There has been a resurgence of interest in time geography studies due to emerging spatiotemporal big data in urban environments. However, the rapid increase in the volume, diversity, and intensity of spatiotemporal data poses a significant challenge with respect to the representation and computation of time geographic entities and relations in road networks. To address this challenge, a spatiotemporal data model is proposed in this article. The proposed spatiotemporal data model is based on a compressed linear reference (CLR) technique to transform network time geographic entities in three-dimensional (3D) (x, y, t) space to two-dimensional (2D) CLR space. Using the proposed spatiotemporal data model, network time geographic entities can be stored and managed in classical spatial databases. Efficient spatial operations and index structures can be directly utilized to implement spatiotemporal operations and queries for network time geographic entities in CLR space. To validate the proposed spatiotemporal data model, a prototype system is developed using existing 2D GIS techniques. A case study is performed using large-scale datasets of space-time paths and prisms. The case study indicates that the proposed spatiotemporal data model is effective and efficient for storing, managing, and querying large-scale datasets of network time geographic entities.     

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION OF EMISSIONFACTORS IN CHINA

1.IntrodctionEnvirorun~lehassionsarebyproduCtsofeconoAncadivihes.ThelevelofedrissionsgenerallyincreasesastheleveIOfeconondcaCtivitiesincreases.AsameasureofpollutioninimsihescausedbyeconoAncaedvihes,aneAnssionfaCtorgenerallytakesthefOrmofarati0bforantOtalpollutantquantityandtotaleconohacaCtivity[l],orThenumerator,totalwaSteorpollthentqUantitymaybemeasuredinwegh,orvoIumeor,somedmes,nuybemulhpliedbyahealthriskfaCtor(tokicityindex)0fthepollutant.Thedenondnator,totaleconothecaCtivities,canbe…     

中印度洋海盆富稀土沉积地球化学特征及富集机制研究

本文对中印度洋海盆深海富稀土沉积区两根柱样GC02和GC06开展了沉积物涂片观察,X-射线衍射分析,主量、微量和稀土元素分析,以及单矿物原位微区地球化学分析等,探讨了其地球化学特征、物质来源及稀土元素（REY）的富集机制。结果表明,GC02柱状沉积物类型为钙质黏土和沸石黏土,GC06柱状沉积物类型为钙质黏土、含沸石黏土和沸石黏土。稀土元素主要在含沸石黏土和沸石黏土中富集。北美页岩标准化（NASC）配分模式指示沉积物的REY主要来源于海水,矿物学和地球化学等特征表明该地区沉积物陆源组分可能主要源于澳大利亚的风尘物质。元素相关性和CaO/P₂O₅比值等指示了深海富稀土沉积中REY的主要赋存矿物为生物磷灰石（鱼牙/骨等）,其次为铁锰微结核。本文总结和探讨了深海富稀土沉积的形成机制,完善了深海富稀土沉积形成过程的概念模型。     

开封大相国寺游憩价值TCIA分析

将传统的评估自然资源、环境资源经济价值的方法用于佛教文化旅游资源经济价值的评估中.以河南开封大相国寺为例,采用旅游费用区间分析法(TCIA)设计出其游憩价值的评估路线,在实地问卷调查的基础上,运用SPSS统计分析技术,评估大相国寺的游憩价值,得出大相国寺2011年的游憩价值为1.49亿元.运用这一结果对大相国寺资源管理决策和资源补偿提供一定的参考,对其维修、保护与发展提供有益的帮助,同时为佛教文化旅游资源的价值评估提供可参照的样本,为佛教文化旅游资源的发掘、管理和补偿提供积极的参考.     

干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀特征及参数化研究进展

干旱半干旱地区是中国的农业后备战略基地,然而近年来该地区农田土壤风蚀现象严重,沙/尘释放量显著增大,威胁农业的可持续发展和生态系统平衡。目前绝大部分的天气和气候模式仅考虑了沙漠地表起沙,忽视退化农田的土壤风蚀起沙,导致起沙通量模拟存在很大的不确定性。对20世纪50年代以来干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀起沙特征及参数化做了详细的分析总结,回顾并梳理了干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀观测和数值模拟的研究脉络以及存在的问题,为提高农田起沙的模拟精度提供了有效参考,对中国干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀防治、土地荒漠化治理以及理解未来土地利用改变对大气污染的影响具有重要意义。     

城市化进程对湖南长株潭地区气温变化的影响

利用1961~2012年湖南省长株潭地区8个气象站的逐日气温观测数据,以郊区站作为背景场,分析了长株潭地区城市化对年和季平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的影响,在此基础上结合1990年代后长沙市人口、GDP及建成区面积,探讨了城市化进程与城乡温差的关系。结果表明:近52 a来长株潭地区呈现增温趋势,年平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的城市化影响贡献率分别为24.0%、21.2%、15.2%,城市化对长株潭地区年平均气温影响最大,年最高气温次之,年最低气温影响最小。城市化贡献率的最大值都出现在夏季,而其最小值平均气温和最低气温出现在冬季,最高气温出现在春季。城乡温差与长沙市人口、GDP呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.69、0.41,表明城市化进程对城区的气温变化有显著影响。