织纳煤田红梅煤矿瓦斯分布特征及其控制因素研究

为了查明煤层瓦斯赋存的地质规律,探讨其控制因素,基于矿区地质资料和瓦斯化验结果,对贵州省织纳煤田织金矿区红梅煤矿可采煤层瓦斯分布特征进行了研究。研究结果表明,矿区可采煤层基本处于沼气带,且属于富甲烷煤层;在垂向上,煤层呈波动式,体现了沉积-水文-构造地质条件耦合作用;在平面上,具有向斜控气特征,正是在埋深背景上构造-水文地质条件耦合作用的结果。     

内蒙古扎赉特旗神山铁铜矿床成岩成矿年代学及其地质意义

内蒙古神山铁铜矿床是大兴安岭中段具有代表性的矽卡岩型铁铜矿床。笔者就该矿床成矿岩体的地球化学及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学开展相关研究。研究表明：矿区中与成矿有关的伊力特岩体岩石类型为英云闪长岩,属I型花岗岩类,铝过饱和,高钾钙碱性系列和磁铁矿系列;岩石富集轻稀土（LREE）、大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）,铕异常不明显（δEu为0.97~1.17）,存在弱铈异常（δCe为0.86~0.92）;锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年显示,与成矿有关的伊力特岩体形成于晚侏罗世（（155.3±1.3）Ma）,因此推测神山铁铜矿床成矿时代为晚侏罗世。综合研究认为神山铁铜矿床形成于地壳加厚和构造活化的构造环境。     

羌塘盆地拉雄错地区上二叠统热觉茶卡组烃源岩地球化学特征及油气潜力分析

羌塘盆地上二叠统热觉茶卡组烃源岩主要为一套深灰色—灰黑色薄层—极薄层泥岩,通过有机地球化学特征分析,结果表明:该套烃源岩的有机碳含量为0.31%~0.72%,并以差—中等烃源岩居多,有机质类型主要为II2型,有机质母质形成于具有一定盐度的还原环境,主要来源于海相浮游类和菌藻类等低等水生生物,并伴有一定量高等植物的输入,有机质热演化程度已达到高成熟阶段。羌塘盆地上二叠统热觉茶卡组烃源岩的发现进一步证实了古生界烃源岩具有良好的生烃潜力,为羌塘盆地油气资源评价提供了基础地质资料。     

南麂列岛海域蟹类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

根据2013年11月、2014年2月、5月、9月在南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区海域进行生物资源调查所获得的资料,分析了南麂列岛海域蟹类种类组成、优势种、生物多样性等群落结构特征,并定量分析了群落结构与水文环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,周年4个季度月调查共鉴定出蟹类21种,隶属7科、12属,其中优势种为三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）、日本蟳（Charybdis bimaculata）和双斑蟳（Charybdis bimaculata）3种。不同季节的蟹类种类组成差异较大,而优势种类组成变化较少,其中,以秋季的蟹类种类数最多,冬季最少。从不同水深区域的渔获种类分布趋势来看,蟹类种类以20~30 m水深带较多,30~40 m水深带较少。夏季多样性指数低于其他季节,以水深来看,多样性指数在10~20 m水深带较高,30~40 m水深带较低,蟹类多样性指数与水深呈反比。根据冗余分析认为,水深、水温和盐度是影响调查海域蟹类种类组成和群落结构特征的主要环境因子。     

Water Quality Characteristics and Variations of Lake Dian

In order to understand the seasonal change tendencies of the water quality of the Lake Dian (Dianchi), the monitoring data from April to September 2015 at four sites distributed in the central part from North to south were analyzed, these data includes the profiles of the water temperature (Temperature or Temp.), Dissolved Oxygen content (DO), pH values, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Phycocyanin (PC) and Conductivity (CD). At the same time, the Cyanophyte Relative Quantity Index (CRQI) was calculated based on the contents of Phycocyanin and Chlorophyll-a. The results demonstrate that along with the air temperature increase, the water temperature also increased step by step from April and May, and reach the maximum in June, from July to September, the water temperature kept relatively stable and decrease steadily. It also shows that the water temperature is not only various with different water depth, but also show that the temperature increase at different speed, even generally show that the surface temperature increase more rapidly than the deep water. The water temperature and its changes may adjust the air temperature of Kunming strongly and therefore, it is important for the forming of the Four Springs City of Kunming. We found that the amount of eukaryotes represented by Chlorophyll-a increased quickly and reach the highest level in the April, but the blue-green algae, which represented by the Phycocyanin is blooming in the September. This might imply that when the blue-green algae dominated the algae, the algae blooming occur. This is of great importance to understand the algae blooming processes in Lake Dian. We hope the further monitoring will provide us more detailed and useful information. Mean while, the changes of DO, pH and CD all have shown their unique that inspire us to continue the lake water monitoring. This monitoring work also proves that the single site measurements cannot provide any reliable and useful information about the lake water quality. More detailed and sustained monitoring works need to be done before we have a fully understanding on the changes of the lake water quality.     

河北坝上丰宁黄土剖面记录的230 ka BP以来的环境演化*

河北坝上地区位于东亚季风气候边缘区,对气候变化响应敏感。丰宁黄土剖面为研究该区域长时间尺度的环境演化提供了理想材料。通过丰宁黄土剖面地球化学元素和磁化率分析,结合光释光测年结果,恢复了该地区230,ka BP以来的环境演化历史; 通过野外观察,识别出了S₁古土壤之下发育的风化淋滤黄土层,探讨了S₁古土壤发育时期的风化淋滤特征及其所揭示的气候变化问题。结果表明: (1)230,ka BP以来的磁化率记录可与深海氧同位素3—8阶段进行细节上的对比,表明丰宁黄土堆积区对全球气候变化有着积极的响应;(2)S₁古土壤发育时期,由于受到强降水的影响,土壤中元素受到强烈淋溶从而向下迁移到L₂黄土中,造成L₂上部地球化学记录与磁化率的差异;(3)从S₁古土壤顶部到钙结核层之间土壤属于酸性淋溶土,可能相当于现今中国北亚热带的黄棕壤,其剖面由土壤层、风化淋滤黄土层和CaCO₃淀积层构成;(4)S₁古土壤发育时期的温度和降水量与现今江苏泗洪和六合地区相当,表明当时研究区为亚热带气候。     

Increasing Winter Conductive Heat Transfer in the Arctic Sea-ice-covered Areas:1979–2014

Sea ice is a quite sensitive indicator in response to regional and global climate changes. Based on monthly mean PanArctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS) sea ice thickness fields, we computed the conductive heat flux(CHF) in the Arctic Ocean in the four winter months(November–February) for a long period of 36 years(1979–2014). The calculated results for each month manifest the increasing extension of the domain with high CHF values since 1979 till 2014. In 2014, regions of roughly 90% of the central Arctic Ocean have been dominated by the CHF values larger than 18 Wm~(-2)(November–December) and 12 Wm~(-2)(January–February), especially significant in the shelf seas around the Arctic Ocean. Moreover, the population distribution frequency(PDF) patterns of the CHF with time show gradually peak shifting toward increased CHF values. The spatiotemporal patterns in terms of the trends in sea ice thickness and other three geophysical parameters, surface air temperature(SAT), sea ice thickness(SIT), and CHF, are well coupled. This suggests that the thinner sea ice cover preconditions for the more oceanic heat loss into atmosphere(as suggested by increased CHF values), which probably contributes to warmer atmosphere which in turn in the long run will cause thinner ice cover. This represents a positive feedback mechanism of which the overall effects would amplify the Arctic climate changes.     

Distribution and provenance of detrital minerals in southern coast of Shandong Peninsula

Detrital minerals of 137 offshore and 22 river sediment samples collected from Qingdao coastal areas have been analyzed. Four mineral assemblage provinces can be classified by Q-mode cluster analysis. Factor analysis identifies two major factors that account for the total variability in most common minerals: 1) based on the relationship of quartz, hornblende, actinolite, micas, and authigenic pyrite, 41.55% of the variability is related to sediment sources; 2) based on the relationship of epidote, garnet, sphere, and ilmenite, 23.21% can be related to strong hydrodynamic conditions that control transport and sedimentation. By comparing mineral compositions of river waters in the study area, the following four mineral provenances can be identified. The Qingdao-Laoshan nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-epidote-hornblende-limenite-limonite-sphene assemblage, which is largely attributed to relict sediment and coastal erosion. The Jimo-Haiyang nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-hornblende-epidote-limonite-mica-actinolite assemblage, derived largely from the Wulong River and Rushan River, and is also affected by the Huanghe River, while the Qianliyan Island area in the deeper offshore area separated by a mud belt has a similar assemblage. The Haiyang-Rushan nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-hornblende-epidote-micas-limonite assemblage, indicating multiple sources from the Rushan River, the Wulong River, the Huanghe River, and coastal erosion. The central area, located in an eddy center, has a mica-authigenic pyrite-hornblende-quartzfeldspar assemblage, indicating multiple sources dominated by Huanghe River distal sediments.     

Establishing a Clean‐quality Indicator System for Evaluating Reclaimed Land in the Antaibao Opencast Mine Area,China

This article discusses the existing problems associated with reclaimed land in the area of the Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine, which is located in the semi‐arid region of northwest China. The following eight indicators of the suitability of the reclaimed land were developed based on the theory of soil genesis and landscape ecology: the thickness of the effective soil layer, composition of the soil surface, vegetation index, types of covering vegetation, slope of the terrain, time of reclamation, area of the evaluation unit, and the shape index of the evaluation unit. The suitability evaluation indexes of the reclaimed land were determined using the 3S technology and fuzzy evaluation methods, which revealed that the suitability of the reclaimed land in the study area could be divided into six grades and two categories, land suitable for farming, and land suitable for trees or grass. The suitability evaluation indicators and evaluation methods developed to evaluate reclaimed land in this study will be beneficial to the large‐scale rapid monitoring and the effective management of reclaimed land in the opencast mine area.     

Crystallisation conditions (T, P, fO2) from mineral chemistry of Cu- and Au-mineralised alkaline intrusions in the Red River–Jinshajiang alkaline igneous belt, western Yunnan Province, China

The Oligocene Yao’an syenite porphyry, associated with gold mineralisation, and the Machangqing alkali granite porphyry–monzonite porphyry, associated with Cu mineralisation, belong to the Red River–Jinshajiang alkaline igneous belt that formed in a continental setting in southwestern China. A study of the mineral chemistry of major silicate minerals in these two mineralised intrusions provides insights into their overall crystallisation conditions. The temperature and pressure conditions, derived from amphibole–plagioclase and perthite–plagioclase geothermometry and Al-in-amphibole barometry, suggest that the Yao’an intrusion crystallised at around 820?±?50°C and 0.9–1.3 kbar, whereas the Machangqing intrusion crystallised at around 730?±?50°C and 2.2–2.8 kbar. The higher temperature and lower pressure of crystallisation for the Yao’an intrusion relative to the Machangqing intrusion indicates that it was emplaced at a shallower crustal level. Based on biotite composition, the two intrusions formed under imposed oxygen fugacities above the Ni–NiO buffer (NNO), and the Yao’an intrusion crystallised under more oxidising conditions than the Machangqing intrusion. The results show that the intrusions associated with Cu–Au mineralisation in the Red River–Jinshajiang alkaline igneous belt were emplaced at a relatively high fO₂, which, together with the weakly fractionated magma, favoured Au enrichment relative to Cu in the belt.