Relating hydrograph components to rainfall and streamflow: a case study from northern Taiwan

Abstract

This study investigates the characteristics of hydrograph components from a watershed in Taiwan. Hydrograph components were modelled by using a model of three serial reservoirs with one parallel reservoir. Mean rainfall was calculated by using the block kriging method. The model parameters for 38 events were calibrated by using the shuffled complex evolution optimization algorithm. The model verification was made using 18 events. Based on the study results, the following findings were obtained: (1) for single-peak events, times to peak of hydrograph components are an increasing power function of the peak time of rainfall; (2) peak discharges of hydrograph components are linearly proportional to that of total runoff, and the ratios of quick and slow runoff are approximately 83% and 17% of total runoff, respectively; and (3) the total volume of quick runoff component is 52% of total runoff and that of slow runoff is 27%.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis

Citation Li, Y.-J., Cheng, S.-J. Pao, T.-L. and Bi, Y.-J., 2012. Relating hydrograph components to rainfall and streamflow: a case study from northern Taiwan. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (5), 861–877.     

Failure Mechanism and Control of Surrounding Rock of Mining Roadway Under Overlying Goaf

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Aiming at the deformation and failure of roadway surrounding rock and its control problems under goaf in upper and lower coal seam mining of Buertai Coal...     

长江经济带某石化场地土壤中污染物分布与微生物特征

从长江经济带某在役石化场地采集了3个点位不同深度的土壤样品,测定了石油烃等污染物的含量和微生物的群落结构,以揭示污染物分布规律和微生物特征。结果显示,3个点位污染程度不同,但污染物含量均随深度先升高后降低,最高含量均出现在埋深4.0 m左右,即地下水位附近。土壤中C6-C9高达5 302 mg/kg,C10-C40高达625.6 mg/kg,芳烃高达455.2 mg/kg,卤代烃高达41.54 mg/kg。土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随深度增加而降低,同一深度土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随污染物含量增大而降低。门水平上Actinobacteria、Firmicutes和Spirochaetes的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05),属水平上Streptomyces、SCADC1-2-3、Desulfitobacterium和Cryptanaerobacter的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05)。     

北京西山下苇甸第三统/芙蓉统界线附近碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及古环境意义

芙蓉世早期全球发生的生物绝灭事件与该时期古环境的变化可能存在着密切联系,但未有定论;相对于深水相区,浅水台地沉积物地球化学特征对古环境的变化有着更敏感的响应,有利于深化这一问题的理解。选取北京西山下苇甸剖面第三统崮山组和芙蓉统长山组碳酸盐岩沉积为研究对象,通过元素地球化学和同位素的分析,重建这一时期古环境的变迁过程,并探讨其与生命演化的关系。结果表明:崮山组和长山组沉积更替时期,古气候和古海洋环境有大的波动。海水由海平面低点快速海侵,水体还原性急剧增强,海水温度降至最低点,盐度升高至最高点,可能这是三叶虫生态崩溃及其灭绝的重要原因。长山组早期干热气候和温湿气候交替频繁,大规模海侵促使陆源碎屑物质输入的增加,海水中营养元素的富集促进了生物勃发;同时深水的还原性条件有利于有机质的保存,最终导致碳酸盐岩碳同位素的正漂。研究还表明,这次碳同位素正漂的发生与长山中晚期海平面的下降没有明显的成因联系。     

公益性油气基础地质调查的进展与发展方向

在我国油气资源对外依存度不断攀升,能源安全形势日益严峻的背景下,油气调查评价和勘探开发仍是能源工作的重中之重.近年来,公益性油气调查工作聚焦自身优势,积极服务于国家能源安全,支撑油气资源管理与矿权体制改革成效显著,在油气勘探的新区、新层、新类型方面不断取得突破性成果.公益性油气调查在新疆塔里木盆地西北部温宿凸起新近系、沙井子构造带志留系,准噶尔盆地南缘的二叠系和三叠系均获得了工业油(气)流;在南方鄂西宜昌、黔北武陵山等复杂构造区的页岩气、松辽盆地的页岩油、四川盆地南部煤层气等资源的勘探均取得了重大突破,这些成果有力带动了能源企业的积极投入与勘探,有效彰显了公益性油气地质调查的引领和示范作用.深层油气资源的安全勘探、油气矿权空白区的基础地质调查及非常规油气的调查与勘探将是我国未来油气勘探重要的接替领域.公益性油气调查将以油气基础地质问题为抓手,积极探索油气勘探接替领域,为油气资源规划和管理做好支撑,力争为国家能源安全保障与重大发展战略做出更大的贡献.     

多型号海洋重力仪的海上比测结果分析

通过对GT-2M、KSS-31M和ZLS三种不同型号海洋重力仪开展同船环境下的同步系统测试工作,依据海洋地质调查规范要求对获得的测试结果进行预处理,在分析相同测量环境下各重力仪得到数据的空间变化特征和测线交点差的基础上,探讨其相应的技术性能和工作特点。可认为这三种不同类型重力仪的测试结果总体上差别不大,但在船只变速、转向和恶劣海况等因素影响下所表现出的技术特点有较大差异。     

A review of comminution age method and its potential application in the East China Sea to constrain the time scale of sediment source-to-sink process

The East China Sea(ECS) is a river-dominated epicontinental sea, linking the Asian continent to the northwestern Pacific via the large rivers originating from Tibetan Plateau. The relevant huge influx of riverine detritus has developed unique sedimentary systems in the ECS during the Quaternary, offering ideal terrestrial archives for reconstructing Quaternary paleoenvironmental changes and studying land-sea interactions. Overall, two characteristic river systems dominate the sedimentary systems and sediment source to sink transport patterns in the ECS, represented by the Changjiang(Yangtze River) and Huanghe(Yellow River) for the large river system and Taiwan rivers for the small river system. Given this, the sediments derived from both river systems bear distinct features in terms of parent rock lithology, provenance weathering and sediment transport. Previous studies mostly focus on either the ‘source' discrimination or the ‘sink' records of the sedimentary system in the ECS, while the source to sink process linking the land and sea, in particular its time scale, has been poorly understood. Here we introduce a newly-developed dating technique, the ‘comminution age' method, which offers a quantitative constraint on the time scale of sediment transfer from its ultimate source to the final depositional sink. This novel method is of great significance for improving our understanding on the earth surface processes including tectonic-climate driven weathering, and sediment recycling in relation to landscape evolution and marine environmental changes. The application of comminution age method in the ECS will provide important constraints on sediment source-to-sink process and more evidences for the construction of late Quaternary paleoenvironmental changes under these unique sedimentary systems.     

A Hybrid Link‐Node Approach for Finding Shortest Paths in Road Networks with Turn Restrictions

Turn restrictions, such as ‘no left turn’ or ‘no U‐turn’, are commonly encountered in real road networks. These turn restrictions must be explicitly considered in the shortest path problem and ignoring them may lead to infeasible paths. In the present study, a hybrid link‐node Dijkstra's (HLND) algorithm is proposed to exactly solve the shortest path problem in road networks with turn restrictions. A new hybrid link–node labelling approach is devised by using a link–based labelling strategy at restricted nodes with turn restrictions, and a node‐based labelling strategy at unrestricted nodes without turn restrictions. Computational results for several real road networks show that the proposed HLND algorithm obtains the same optimal results as the link‐based Dijkstra's algorithm, while having a similar computational performance to the classical node‐based Dijkstra's algorithm.     

刀郎文化旅游区开发构想——以喀什经济特区为背景

随着我国文化旅游的快速发展及喀什经济特区设立,地处喀什和阿克苏等地区的刀郎文化逐渐成为关注的重要内容。刀郎文化在其形成过程中不断融合蒙古族等其他民族的文化因子,逐步发展成为维吾尔民族独特的地域文化,在我国目前大力发展文化旅游的背景下,建立刀郎文化旅游区具有重要的现实意义。在对刀郎文化旅游区建立的必要性进行分析的基础上,从机遇、知名度和基础3个角度探讨了刀郎文化旅游区建立的可行性。在喀什经济特区背景下建立刀郎文化旅游区,需要打破行政区划限制,运用前台-帷幕-后台理论,设立三级支撑系统,彰显刀郎文化特色,突出民族和谐,并使刀郎文化旅游区与喀什经济特区进行整合式发展。     

Magnetic interactions during sympathetic solar eruptions

We present the first evidence for occurrences of magnetic interactions between a jet, a filament and coronal loops during a complex event, in which two flares sequen-tially occurred at different positions of the same active region and were closely associated with two successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs), respectively. The coronal loops were located outside but nearby the filament channel before the flares. The jet, originating from the first flare during its rise phase, not only hit the filament body but also met one of the ends of the loops. The filament then underwent an inclined eruption followed by the second flare and met the same loop end once more. Both the jet and the filament erup- tion were accompanied by the development of loop disturbances and the appearances of brightenings around the meeting site. In particular, the erupting filament showed clear manifestations of interactions with the loops. After a short holdup, only its portion passed through this site, while the other portion remained at the same place. Following the fila-ment eruption and the loop disappearance, four dimmings were formed and located near their four ends. This is a situation that we define as "quadrupolar dimmings." It appears that the two flares consisted of a sympathetic pair physically linked by the interaction between the jet and the filament, and their sympathy indicated that of the two CMEs.Moreover, it is very likely that the two sympathetic CMEs were simultaneously associ-ated with the disappearing loops and the quadrupole dimmings.