测定水浸土壤样的水中氦找铀矿方法的研究

本文讨论了利用离子泵测氦仪,测定水浸土壤样的水中氦的找铀矿方法。通过十项浸泡条件及测量试验,确定了处理土壤样的水浸技术。在矿床上取样分析的结果表明,在陡倾角地层的条件下,壤中氦异常出现在深部铀矿化范围的水平投影位置上,说明该方法对寻找隐伏铀矿是有效的,可用于地表详测等找矿工作。     

Element Mobility During Incipient Granulite Formation at Kabbaldurga, Southern India

At Kabbaldurga, infiltration of carbonic fluids along a systemof ductile shears and foliation planes has led to partial transformationof Archaean grey biotite–hornblende gneiss to coarse-grainedmassive charnockite at about 2.5 b.y. ago. The dehydration ofthe gneiss assemblage was induced by a marked metasomatic changeof the reacting system from granodioritic to granitic, and obviouslytook place under conditions of an open system at 700–750?C and 5–7 kb. Extensive replacement of plagioclase (An_16–30)by K-feldspar through Na, Ca–K exchange reactions withthe ascending carbonic fluids led to strong enrichment in K,Rb, Ba, and SiO₂, and to a depletion in Ca. Progressive dissolutionof hornblende, biotite, magnetite, and the accessory mineralsapatite and zircon resulted in a marked depletion in Fe, Mg,Ti, Zn, V, P, and Zr. Most important is the recognition of REEmobility: with advancing charnockitization, the moderately fractionatedREE distribution patterns of the grey gneisses (La_N270; La_N/Yb_N= 5–20; Eu_N27; Eu/Eu^* = 0.6–0.3) give way to stronglyfractionated REE patterns with a positive Eu-anomaly (La_N200;La_N/Yb_N = 20–80; Eu_N22; Eu/Eu^* = 0.6–1.8). The systematicdepletion especially in the HREE is due to the progressive dissolutionof zircon, apatite (and monazite), which strongly concentratethe REE. Stable isotope data (¹⁸O of 6.9–8.0 per mille for gneissesand charnockites; ¹³C of –8.5 and –6.5 per millefor late carbonate) indicate a magmatogenic source for the carbonicfluids. In contrast to the currently favoured derivation ofcarbonic fluids by decarbonation of the upper mantle or degassingof underplated basaltic intrusions, it is discussed here thatabundant fluid inclusions in lower crustal charnockites providedan extensive reservoir of ‘fossil’ carbonic fluids.Shear deformation has tapped this reservoir and generated thechannel-ways for fluid ascent. Charnockitization of the Kabbaldurgatypethus appears to be a metasomatic process which is tectonicallycontrolled and restricted to the crustal level of the amphiboliteto granulite transition.     

Studies on Fast Loading Technique of Soft Rock and Automatic Data Processing

A fast loading technique of soft rocks and an automatic data processing system used in the experiments are presented in this paper. Research results demonstrate that the 10t fast loading equipment is applicable to study on dynamic mechanical properties of soft rocks under medium strain rate. By using an automatic data processing system, a group of curve which reflect the relations between some physical parameters, such as σ-ε and σ-t，can be drawn by a plotter, so that the period of experiment can be reduced, and more accurate results can be expected.     

黄海海州湾钙结体的特征及其地质意义

近年,我所在黄海底质调查中发现,黄海海州湾海区、成内头海区和渤海海峡海区广泛分布着各种形态的钙结体。为了探明其特征,我们以海州湾海区为例,进行了钙结体的结构、矿物成分、化学成分以及它们的分布状态的研究,并通过海区的地质构造背景、水动力状况、物质通量变化以及生物化学作用等控制因素的分析,对钙结体进行了物质来源和成因上的探讨。     

Site Monitoring of a Tunnel Opening—Introducing the Site Monitoring Technique of Tunnel opening in Japan—

The tunnel construction method based on “NATM” principle is tried and has been spread out gradually in china . It is important to monitor the tunnel opening during the construction with “NATM” , which is still a weak link in china. This paper briefly sums up the basic conception and direction principle of “NATM”, and it also expounds of significance and main contents of site monitoring. Furthermore, there gives an example to explain the results of monitoring at the tunnel of “Mine Yen” in Japan. The method of so called “Direct-strain-control” which was proposed by Prof. Shunsuke Sakurai of Kobe university in Japan introduced emphatically in this paper. This method considers the strain as a failure criterion to evaluate the stability of tunnel opening.     

500毫巴湿位势倾向诊断分析和应用

本文用湿位势倾向方程进行诊断分析,表明,湿大气中差动潜热能平流对500毫巴湿位势倾向有重要影响。日常业务中计算500毫巴层位势倾向,在判断未来低值系统的移动和暴雨落区中,有一定指示意义。     

海南岛地形造成的绕流效应对粤桂南部降雨的影响

本文先从引证华南前汛期暴雨实验(1977、1978)中几个突出个例入手,继而分析海南岛四周濒海台站、北部湾北部海面以及广东广西沿海部分台站的10年(1961—1970)平均地面流场①,揭露了海南岛地形造成的绕流这一观测事实,并初步研究了这种绕流辐合对粤桂沿海地区降雨的影响。     

高表面活性矿物对Zn~(2+)的吸附机理及其环境意义

本文利用高表面活性矿物蒙脱石、蛭石、沸石在一定的介质条件下对Zn2 +进行吸附实验研究。蒙脱石和蛭石对Zn2 +的等温吸附线呈双“S”型 ,而沸石对Zn2 +的等温吸附线则呈“Langmuir”型。三种矿物对Zn2 +的吸附容量大小顺序为 :蒙脱石 >蛭石 >沸石。运用粉晶X射线衍射、红外光谱、差热及热重分析等技术对矿物及矿物吸附Zn2 +后的结构特征进行了研究。结果表明 ,蒙脱石吸附锌后其层间域中吸附锌大量水解形成新的物相 ,而蛭石与沸石吸附锌后水解很少。这为利用高表面活性矿物控制和治理环境污染及其可循环利用提供了理论依据。     

地球数字产品的空间数学基础

在分析当前地球数字产品空间数学基础局限性的基础上,将地图投影概念由传统的曲面到平面的变换扩展为曲面到曲面的变换,提出一套适合于大型GIS和地球数字产品的“地图投影”模型的实用模型,该模型的视图采用等距离切圆柱投影,度量空间是椭球面几何系统,符合计算机环境下GIS视图与度量空间分离的特性。鉴于全球多分辨率连续可视化,精密可视化量算,三维、多维地球数据统一,标准的空间定位框架和只有在统一的空间系统内全球资源、生态环境数据才能进行精确的地理分析等四个方面的需要,从地图投影进到本模型将是方向和技术趋势。