多接收器等离子体质谱仪Zn同位素测定方法研究

该研究建立了Zn同位素比值的MC-ICPMS高精度测定方法.研究内容包括:对干扰信号、介质影响、基质效应和仪器稳定性的评估等方面.重复性测定中,66Zn/64Zn、67Zn/64Zn、68Zn/64Zn外精度分别为0.1‰(2SD)、0.23‰(2sD)、0.22‰(2SD),达到国际先进水准.     

日喀则蛇绿岩中辉长-辉绿岩成因及慢速扩张脊环境

日喀则蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布构造带中段,其成因和构造环境仍存在较大争议。日喀则蛇绿岩下部为蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩,壳幔过渡带缺失超镁铁质堆晶岩。少量辉长岩脉呈块状或韵律结构并侵入到地幔橄榄岩和辉绿岩中。辉绿岩呈席状岩床侵入到地幔橄榄岩之上,且少量辉绿岩脉侵入到下覆的地幔橄榄岩中。通过野外关系和地球化学研究,日喀则辉长岩可能并不是洋壳中岩浆房原位结晶堆积而成,而是深部位置岩浆囊经过不同程度分异演化形成富晶粥岩浆并向上侵入的结果。而席状辉绿岩床则是基性岩浆沿着构造薄弱面顺层侵入的结果。拆离断层可能导致了岩石圈地幔抬升和剥露,进而引起下覆软流圈地幔减压熔融和岩浆上侵。日喀则辉长-辉绿岩形成于慢速扩张脊较小规模的岩浆供应和不连续的岩浆侵入。     

白云鄂博地区相关地质单元的铁同位素特征及其对白云鄂博矿床成因的制约

白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb矿床是世界著名的巨型多金属矿床,它的成因一直是个激烈争论的问题,观点主要集中在沉积成因和岩浆成因上,而铁的物质来源问题是争论的焦点之一。近年来Fe同位素的快速发展为解决白云鄂博铁矿的成因提供了新思路。对白云鄂博地区发育的白云鄂博群尖山组铁质板岩、宽沟北沉积型铁矿、腮林忽洞微晶丘、灰绿岩墙这些相关地质单元的Fe同位素组成特征进行了研究,为白云鄂博矿床成因研究提供了最直接的参考。结果表明,尖山组铁质板岩的δ56Fe值为-0.49‰～0.48‰,平均值为-0.03‰±0.84‰,2SD,n=5;宽沟北沉积型铁矿的δ56Fe值为-0.68‰～0.23‰,平均值为-0.10‰±0.78‰,2SD,n=5;腮林忽洞微晶丘δ56Fe值为-0.64‰～0.12‰,平均值为-0.28‰±0.57‰,2SD,n=6;辉绿岩的Fe同位素组成δ56Fe值集中在0.11‰～0.16‰。腮林忽洞微晶丘总体上比白云鄂博赋矿白云岩富集Fe的轻同位素,Fe同位素组成变化也相对更大,表明两者可能有不同的成因。白云鄂博地区尖山组铁质板岩、宽沟北沉积型铁矿与世界其他地区含铁沉积建造的Fe同位素组成类似,其共同特征是,Fe同位素变化较大,总体上δ56Fe大于0‰。这一特征与白云鄂博铁矿的Fe同位素组成差别较大。白云鄂博矿床的δ56Fe集中在0‰附近,与白云鄂博地区灰绿岩、世界不同地区火成岩和岩浆型铁矿的Fe同位素组成特征一致。表明白云鄂博铁矿可能不是沉积成因的,更有可能与岩浆作用有关。     

Iron isotope fractionation during biogeochemical cycle: Information from suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Aha Lake and its tributaries,Guizhou, China

Iron isotope compositions of suspended particulate matters (SPM) collected from the Aha Lake, an artificial lake in the karst area of Yun-Gui Plateau, and its tributaries in summer and winter were investigated for our understanding of the behavior of Fe isotopes during iron biogeochemical cycling in lake. δ⁵⁶Fe values of SPM display statistically negative shift relative to IRMM-014. Samples from the lake display a range from ?1.36‰ to ?0.10‰ in summer and from ?0.30‰ to ?0.07‰ in winter, while river samples vary from ?0.88‰ to 0.07‰ in summer and from ?0.35‰ to ?0.03‰ in winter. The average iron isotope composition of aerosol samples is + 0.10‰, which is very similar to that of igneous rocks (0.09‰). The SPM in most rivers and water column showed seasonal variation in δ⁵⁶Fe value: the δ⁵⁶Fe values of SPM in summer were lower than in winter. The seasonal variation in δ⁵⁶Fe value of the riverine SPM should be ascribed to the change in source of particulate Fe and geochemical process in the watershed: More particulate Fe was leached from soil and produced by weathering of pyrite widely distributed in coal-containing strata. It is suggested that both allochthonous inputs and the redox iron cycling control the variations of δ⁵⁶Fe values for SPM in lake.During summer stratification, an Fe cycle named “ferrous wheel” is established near the redox boundary where the upwardly diffusing Fe(II) is oxidized and the reactive Fe oxides formed will continuously sink back into the reduction zone to complete the cycle. The δ⁵⁶Fe values for SPM reach the minima, ?0.88‰ for DB station and ?1.36‰ for LJK station, just near the redox boundary as a result of the Fe cycling, where a rough 45% to 76% of Fe in these particles was produced by the repetitive cycle. Due to random transportation and diffusion, δ⁵⁶Fe values of the particles near the redox zone distributed into approximately a Gaussian shape. The good negative correlation existed between δ⁵⁶Fe values and Fe/Al ratios for DB station, suggesting that they together can be used as good indicators of the redox-driven Fe transformations.     

蓟县下马岭组菱铁矿的成因及古海洋意义

蓟县铁岭子村附近新出露的下马岭组下部黑色岩系中富含菱铁矿,对这些菱铁矿形成机制的认识直接关系到对下马岭期乃至中元古代古海洋氧化还原状态和地球化学性质的判断.文中利用碳同位素对其成因加以制约,进而反演该时期的古海洋环境.结果显示,研究区菱铁矿的δ13C的变化范围为-19.2‰～-7.8‰,平均约-15.0‰,明显富集碳的轻同位素.根据自然界中不同碳库的碳同位素组成特征,判定这些菱铁矿中的碳主要来源于有机碳.虽然海洋中大量有机质被氧化释放出富12C的CO2溶解于海水后可直接沉淀出轻同位素富集的碳酸盐岩,但这往往要求极端氧化的水体环境,而这种情况下并不能形成菱铁矿沉淀,因此认为研究区菱铁矿应是成岩过程中由有机质降解产生的CO2与孔隙水中的Fe2结合的产物.海洋中的铁首先以氧化铁或氢氧化铁的形式沉淀下来,并与有机质一起埋藏于海底缺氧带中,后在成岩过程中发生氧化还原反应,三价铁作为氧化剂氧化有机质使之生成CO2,有机质则作为还原剂将三价铁还原为二价铁,二者结合即构成菱铁矿.同时,有机质热脱羧反应提供的CO2保证了更多的二价铁以菱铁矿的形式保存在地层中.海洋中铁的沉淀形式表明,至少在燕辽海盆,下马岭期古海洋已呈现广泛氧化状态,其氧化程度足以将海洋中的铁氧化为三价铁.同时,地层中的硫含量极低,说明该时期古海洋贫硫.然而下马岭期燕辽海盆广泛氧化、贫硫的古海洋特征不同于传统的分层海洋模式,对此有必要进行更深入系统的研究.     

蓟县下马岭组地层中菱铁矿成因及古海洋意义

蓟县铁岭子村附近新出露的下马岭组下部黑色岩系中富含菱铁矿,对这些菱铁矿形成机制的认识直接关系到对下马岭期乃至中元古代古海洋氧化还原状态和地球化学性质的判断。文中利用碳同位素对其成因加以制约,进而反演该时期的古海洋环境。结果显示,这些菱铁矿的碳同位素组成变化范围为-19.2‰~-7.8‰,平均约-15.0‰,明显偏离正常海相沉积碳酸盐岩,而更接近有机质来源的碳酸盐或重碳酸根的δ13C值,说明菱铁矿碳酸根的碳主要源自于有机质。这意味着这些菱铁矿是在早期成岩过程中由三价铁的氧化物或氢氧化物转化而来,而不是直接从海水中沉淀形成。海洋中的铁首先以氧化铁或氢氧化铁的形式发生沉淀,并与有机质一起埋藏于海底缺氧带中。后在成岩过程中发生氧化还原反应,三价铁作为氧化剂氧化有机质使之生成CO2,有机质则作为还原剂将三价铁还原为二价铁,二者结合即构成菱铁矿。同时,有机质热脱羧反应提供的CO2保证了更多的二价铁以菱铁矿的形式保存在地层中。据此可推断,至少在燕辽盆地,下马岭期古海洋已呈现广泛氧化状态,其氧化程度足以将海洋中的铁氧化为三价铁。同时,地层中硫含量极低,说明该时期古海洋贫硫。下马岭期燕辽盆地这种氧化、贫硫的古海洋特征不同于传统的分层海洋模式,因此有必要进行更深入系统的研究。     

Investigation of matrix effects in the MC-ICP-MS induced by Nb, W, and Cu: Isotopic case studies of iron and copper

Some elements normally occur at trace levels while the majority of natural geological materials may be exceedingly enriched in some special cases, such as the Bayan Obo ore deposit where REE and Nb are extremely enriched. These elements may not be removed completely during purification. Therefore, matrix effects will be caused during stable isotope ratio measurement in the MC-ICP-MS. Experiments have shown that the established methods of chromatographic separation of Cu, Fe, and Zn using AG MP-1 Anion Exchange Resin cannot make ef-fective separation of Nb, W, and Cu from Fe using 20 mL 6 M HCl. It is also observed that the elution curves of W and Cu overlap at working conditions and thus W is present in measurable amounts in some sample solutions. Matrix effects in the MC-ICP-MS induced by Nb, W, and Cu during Fe isotope ratio measurements and by W during Cu isotope ratio measurements were thus investigated by examining their changes in delta values between doped and undoped standards. The results show that the effects of the matrix elements Nb, W, or Cu on Fe isotope ratio measurements are minimal in the case of m(Nb)/m(Fe)<0.005, m(W)/m(Fe)<0.01, or m(Cu)/m(Fe)<0.6. This finding, combined with the extremely low levels of W and Cu, and the fact that nearly 90% of Nb can be removed during purification, demonstrates that the methods of chromatographic separation of Fe established before are suitable for Bayan Obo ore samples and that the methods can be simplified when Cu elution is unnecessary. The effects of the matrix element W on Cu isotope determinations are minimal in the case of m(W)/m(Cu)<0.7. Therefore, W exerts no significant effect on the measurements of Cu isotopes for the majority of natural geological materials.     

2006年大连沙尘天气机理分析

应用颗粒物质量浓度、降尘、卫星遥感以及激光雷达气溶胶消光系数监测等资料分析,结合沙尘天气物理量场分析,揭示出大连沙尘天气特征和动力机制.结果显示,沙尘天气空气中可吸入颗粒物浓度显著增高,沙尘对空气中总悬浮颗粒物浓度有显著贡献,并且增加城市的自然降尘量.经过大连上空传输的沙尘高度一般在4km以下,普遍分布在1～3km之间;沙尘气溶胶消光系数最大值超过2.0km-1;沙尘影响地面时,近地面附近气溶胶消光系数超过0.5km-1,强沙尘过程超过1.3km-1.大连的沙尘天气是在高空西风或西北风急流对沙尘的搬运前提下产生,大连附近锋面后部的下滑运动是地面沙尘浓度增高的主要原因;锋后下滑气流越强,地面沙尘污染越重.     

新疆磁海铁矿床Fe-O-S同位素和元素地球化学示踪

新疆磁海铁矿位于北山构造-成矿带西端,以磁海矿段为主要组成部分,铁矿体主要为透镜状、似层状,围岩以辉绿岩为主,二者接触线截然且平直;另外一种矿体产在基性岩体与地层接触带的石榴子石透辉石矽卡岩岩体内,整个矽卡岩岩体即为铁矿体。通过野外矿床特征与矿相学研究,成矿过程可分为:(1)矿浆期,以磁铁矿+单斜辉石+普通角闪石的近同时产出为特征;(2)矽卡岩期,先期以石榴子石+透辉石+磁铁矿为特征,后期以透闪石/阳起石+石英+磁黄铁矿+黄铜矿+黄铁矿的组合为特征。通过对矿浆期及矽卡岩期典型矿物的地球化学及Fe、S、O同位素结果分析,认为矿浆期铁质具有幔源特征,矽卡岩期成矿流体对矿浆期具有继承性。通过与前人研究结果对比分析,认为磁海成矿可能形成于塔里木地区二叠纪地幔柱背景,含矿母岩浆可能为地幔柱的分支。     

FIB-TOF-SIMS联用技术在矿物学研究中的应用

基于聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜的飞行时间二次离子质谱联用技术同时具备了聚焦离子束高空间分辨率以及飞行时间二次离子质谱轻元素、同位素分析以及较低的元素检出限的优势。可以实现:扫描电镜下原位分析H、Li、Be、B等轻元素;元素分布的纳米级横向空间分辨率;元素三维空间分布。能够同时得到纳米级矿物的形貌、元素组成以及元素空间分布信息,该技术在地学领域有广阔的应用前景。