登陆北上与近海北上台风的对比分析

选取两个不同路径北上的台风，从天气学和能量学角度分析、研究了台风路径与副热带高丰及能量场的关系，指出副热带高压与西风带大陆高压位置配置，对台风移动路径的影响；并研究了台风路径与高能舌的关系。     

基于VB和ArcObjects的组件式地理信息系统开发

以世界宣明会项目信息管理系统为例,介绍了在VB,ArcGIS和SQLServe环境下,利用AO组件集成开发GIS管理信息系统的方法。给出了有针对性的系统总体设计和数据库设计,编程实现了模块化的系统主要功能和关键技术,使图形数据和属性数据紧密关联,实现了图形、属性以及相关信息的一体化管理。     

Using the radial basis function network model to assess rocky desertification in northwest Guangxi,China

Karst rocky desertification is a progressive process of land degradation in karst regions in which soil is severely, or completely, eroded. This process may be caused by natural factors, such as geological structure, and population pressure leading to poor ecosystem health and lagging economic development. Karst rocky desertification is therefore a significant obstacle to sustainable development in southwest China. We applied a radial basis function network model to assess the risk of karst rocky desertification in northwest Guangxi, a typical karst region located in southwest China. Factors known to influence karst rocky desertification were evaluated using remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques to classify the 23 counties in the study area from low to extreme risk of karst rocky desertification. Counties with extreme or strong karst rocky desertification risk (43.48%, nearly half of the study area) were clustered in the north, central and southeast portions of the study area. Counties with low karst rocky desertification (30.43%) were located in the west, northeast and southwest of the study area. The spatial distribution of karst rocky desertification was moderately correlated to population density.     

黔东北西溪堡锰矿的沉淀形式与含锰层位中黄铁矿异常高δ34S值的成因

笔者等对黔东北松桃县的西溪堡锰矿床中锰矿石进行了元素含量分析,对含锰层位中黄铁矿进行了S同位素和微量元素分析.锰矿石稀土元素和微量元素特征表明,Mn是以氧化物或氢氧化物的形式沉淀,锰碳酸岩是在成岩过程中转化而成.黄铁矿形态学、微量元素和稀土元素特征指示黄铁矿形成于强还原、偏碱性的成岩环境.黄铁矿异常高的δ34S值反映了新元古代间冰期海洋深部低硫酸盐浓度和高的硫酸盐细菌还原速率,表明南华纪(成冰纪)大塘坡早期阶段深部海洋并没有被完全氧化.含锰层位中黄铁矿异常高的δ34S值存在两种可能的形成机制:①在极低SO42-浓度下,通过BSR即可产生δ34SCDT高达58.7‰的黄铁矿;②海洋深部硫酸盐虽然具有很高的δ34S值,但却并没有高达58.7‰,δ34 SCDT高达58.7‰的黄铁矿的形成是BSR和H2S与Mn02之间发生厌氧歧化氧化反应两个过程综合作用的结果,即在水体中SO42-浓度极低的情况下,硫酸盐和还原产物H2S之间硫同位素分馏达到最小,H2S的δ34S值接近母体硫酸盐,BSR产生的H2S被活性铁矿物固定形成的FeS与Mn02之间发生歧化氧化反应所产生的同位素动力学分馏效应使FeS相对硫酸盐富集34S.     

安徽新桥矿床矿相学与Fe同位素特征及其对矿床成因的制约

对安徽新桥矿床进行系统的野外地质调查和矿相学研究发现,层状矿体中的胶状黄铁矿交代矽卡岩磁铁矿矿体,为探讨层状硫化物矿床是早期沉积成因还是岩浆热液成因提供了新的地质约束。对铜陵矿集区内的新桥矿床层状菱铁矿矿体和凤凰山矽卡岩型矿体中的菱铁矿开展了Fe同位素组成的对比研究,结果显示：新桥矿床菱铁矿与典型低温热液脉型矿床和沉积铁矿中的菱铁矿在Fe同位素组成特征上有所不同,而与凤凰山矽卡岩型矿床中的菱铁矿更为接近;新桥矿床中胶状黄铁矿和菱铁矿相对于磁铁矿富集Fe的轻同位素,表明磁铁矿不是过去认为的由胶状黄铁矿和菱铁矿矿胚层经热液改造形成,而是与典型的岩浆热液有关。新桥矿区层状硫化物矿体和矽卡岩型矿体中,近岩体矽卡岩和最早形成的金属矿物磁铁矿比岩体更为富集Fe的轻同位素,而赋矿围岩比岩体更为富集Fe的重同位素。同时,不同矿化阶段形成的含铁矿物和不同空间位置的硫化物中的Fe同位素组成呈现出时空分带现象,Fe同位素组成的时空演化特征与流体出溶、流体演化非常一致,并且符合同位素分馏的基本理论,表明层状硫化物矿体和矽卡岩型矿体具有相同的成矿物质来源,为同一流体体系演化的产物。新桥矿区岩相学的研究结果和Fe同位素组成特征均表明,新桥层状硫化物矿床不是海西期喷流沉积成矿作用的产物,而是燕山期热液成矿作用的产物,为一个典型的热液成因矿床。     

西藏驱龙斑岩铜矿铜同位素研究

本文通过Cu的同位素组成示踪斑岩型铜矿床Cu的来源,探讨岩浆-热液过程中Cu同位素的分馏.选择驱龙矿区从早到晚的三期热液脉以及早期钾硅酸盐化蚀变同期的样品,挑选新鲜的黄铜矿,测定其Cu同位素组成.早期A脉:为不规则石英-钾长石脉、石英-硬石膏脉及黑云母脉,δ~(65)Cu的范围为-0.44‰～-0.09‰,集中在-0.44‰～-0.31‰,平均值-0.29‰;B脉,为石英+硬石膏+黄铜矿±辉钼矿±黄铁矿脉和绿帘石-石英脉,δ~(65)Cu的范围为-0.42‰～+0.14‰,集中在-0.25‰～-0.18‰,平均值-0.18‰;晚期D脉,为板状黄铜矿-黄铁矿及黄铁矿脉,δ~(65)Cu的范围为-0.27‰～+0.47‰,集中在-0.27‰～-0.05‰,平均值-0.02‰;早期钾硅酸盐蚀变带,δ~(65)Cu的范围为-0.47‰～-0. 1‰,平均值-0.29‰.矿区铜同位素组成基本同岩浆岩一致(Zhu et al.,2000,2002;Maréchal et al.,1999,2002),表明Cu主要来自斑岩岩浆.不同期次热液的Cu同位素具有明显的分馏,早期相对富集~(63)Cu,晚期相对亏损~(63)Cu,A脉与B脉的同位素组成的差异可能与岩浆-热液演化过程有关,D脉的同位素组成差异可能是大气降水大量混入的结果.     

红河石Ca18(□,Ca)2Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg,Al)8(□,B)4BSi18O69(O,OH)9——符山石族新矿物

作为符山石族矿物的新成员,红河石(Hongheite,IMA 2017-027新矿物),Ca18(,Ca)2Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg,Al)8(,B)4BSi18O69(O,OH)9发现于个旧世界级Sn-多金属矿田东北缘、与马拉格Sn矿床毗邻的北沙冲花岗岩(77.43Ma)内矽卡岩中。红河石常呈横径达4~25mm的放射状针-柱状集合体产出。当位于晶洞中时,红河石则呈发育良好的自形柱状晶体(0.5~4.0mm长,0.3~1.0mm宽)产出。与红河石共生的矿物见有赛黄晶、萤石、斧石-(Fe)、硅硼钙石、枪晶石、硼锡钙石、石英和羟鱼眼石-(K)等。红河石为墨绿色,条痕浅灰绿色,玻璃光泽,性脆,断口不规则。主要的晶面是:{100}、{110}、{101}和{001}。红河石的显微硬度:988.3N/mm2,相当于摩氏硬度6~7。其实测密度与计算密度分别是3.446g/cm3和3.423g/cm3。红河石一轴正晶,No=1.720(2),Ne=1.725(2);多色性弱。红河石的化学成分:SiO235.85%;TiO20.01%;Al2O311.00%;Fe2O37.92%;FeO2.14%;CaO 33.57%;MnO 0.42%;MgO 3.48%;B2O32.82%;Cr2O30.01%;Na2O 0.01%;F 0.40%(F≡O-0.17);Cl 0.14%(Cl≡O-0.03);H2O 0.75%,总量98.32%。依据晶体结构精测和Si在单位分子式中的原子数(即Si=18 apfu),计算和书写的红河石简化晶体化学式:Ca18(,Ca)2Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg,Al)8(,B)4BSi18O69(O,OH)9。其三条最强粉晶线[d(?)(I/I0)(hkl)]为:2.9289(47)(004),2.7661(100)(342)和2.6079(68)(243)。红河石属四方晶系,空间群为P4/nnc,晶胞参数:a=15.667(3)?,c=11.725(1)?,V=2878(1)?3,Z=2。红河石晶体结构精测的R因子为0.063。红河石殊异于为已知的符山石族矿物种,在于其X(4)位以空位()为主、Y(3)位以Fe3+居优和T(2)位被B所占。顺便对符山石族矿物晶体-化学式的计算与书写予以讨论并提出建议。     

西藏雅鲁藏布构造带日喀则蛇绿岩中新发现豆荚状铬铁矿化

<正>1研究目的(Objective)西藏南部的雅鲁藏布构造带发育一系列中生代蛇绿岩,这些蛇绿岩体东西展布超过2500 km,可分为西段、中段和东段。大多数蛇绿岩体出露大规模地幔橄榄岩而镁铁质岩石出露较少,且地幔橄榄岩中赋存不同规模的豆荚状铬铁矿化,如东段的罗布莎蛇绿岩体赋存大型铬铁矿床,西段的普兰和东波岩体出露小规模铬铁矿化。然而,中段日喀则蛇绿岩一直较少有铬铁矿床(化)报道。笔者近期对日喀则蛇绿岩大竹曲岩体开展了野外考察,并在地     

A Research Approach for Ecological,Environmental and Geological Differentiation of Rocky Desertification and Its Driving Mechanism in Karst Graben Basin

According to the national key research and development program of China “Evolution, integrating treatment and technological demonstration of rocky desertification in karst graben basin”, the task of “ecological, environmental and geological differentiation of rocky desertification and its driving mechanism in karst graben basin” was to reveal the migration of carbon, nitrogen, calcium and water, as well as evolution process and driving mechanism of ecosystem succession and rocky desertification. In this respect, the factors of lithology, topography, ecology, hydrology, vegetation, socio-economy, meteorology, soil, etc. were studied in the demonstration areas of Mengzi and Luxi rocky desertification control. Moreover, the interaction between vegetation and hydrological processes in the typical watershed was established, and the critical period and water requirement of the ecological water demand in the watershed were established. The ecological and hydrological process of the vegetation, as well as nitrogen, calcium and water cycling, and the carbon sequestration ability of ecosystems were used to predict the evolution of ecosystem succession and rocky desertification. The results provided the theoretical basis for the rational allocation of ecological water resources and ecological restoration in rocky desertification area.