Records of natural fire and climate history during the last three glacial-interglacial cycles around the South China Sea Charcoal record from the ODP 1144

The history of natural fire and its relationship to climate during the last three glacial-interglacial cycles in the Southern coast areas of China and the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea (SCS) are discussed based on the statistic study of charcoal particles and associated pollen data from ODP 1144 Site (20° 3′N, 117° 25’E, 2037 m in water depth). According to the results of the charcoal and pollen study, the sediments from the upper 225 m are divided into 8 zones (C1–C8), which might be correlated with the Marine Isotope Stage 1–8 (MIS1-8) respectively. Our study indicates that during the last glacial period (MIS2, 4), the influx of charcoal particle was much higher than that from the interglacial period, suggesting strong occurrence of natural fire and dry climate. During MIS 6 and MIS 8 (C6, C8), although the influx of fine charcoal particles was quite high, the influx of the coarse and medium charcoal particle were much low, which might be due to the smaller source area of fire probably resulting from the limited exposure of the continental shelf before MIS5. During the interglacial period (MIS1, 5, 7), the influxes of charcoal particles were much lower, implying dropping of intensity of the natural fire and then a humid climate. Another reason is that the continental shelf was submerged into the sea during the interglacial periods, and the source areas of fire were reduced then. Although the influx of the fine charcoal particles was much lower during MIS3, the influx of the coarse and medium charcoal particles were almost equal to those of MIS4 (C4), which suggests that the intensity of the natural fire remained quite high and the climate was considerably dry during that period.     

东北地区大地热流数据的分布及分析

系统地收集了国内已公开发表的东北地区热流数据８１个,并对其进行了初步统计分析。这些数据的地理分布还很不均匀,热流值变化范围为３０－９４ｍＷ／ｍ＾２,多种统计平均方法得到的结果表明,东北大陆地区平均热流值变化范围为６０－６３ｍＷ／ｍ６２。然后,根据上述统计结果初步讨论了我国东北地区地热场分布的基本特征和概况,并阐述了这项研究的地质和地球物理意义。     

干旱综合防御技术对小麦生长和产量的影响

1998年10月至2000年6月进行的冬小麦大干旱综合防御技术集成试验表明，充足的底墒水、深耕、秸杆翻压还田、秸杆覆盖、喷施防旱剂和有限灌溉等是防御冬小麦干旱、减少土壤水分无效消耗的有效措施，对小麦叶面积、干物重和产量形成有明显的影响。综合运用以上措施，可使冬小麦叶面积、干物重和产量形成有明显的影响。综合运用以上措施，可使冬小麦增产10％以上，水分利用效率提高30％以上，每公顷增收节支500－800元。     

中国古尔班通古特沙漠东部中心地区植物分布与植物—土壤关系(英文)

The distribution of plant species and relationships between species and soil factors in the east central part of Gurbantunggut Desert was studied to provide more insight into the flora and determine differences in vegetation across various parts of the desert. Two-way Cluster Analysis showed that the vegetation in the area could be divided into three groups, the first group was dominated by the shrub species, Ephedra przewalskii and the grass species, Carex physodes mainly in areas of flat grounds and gentle slopes; the second group was dominated by C. physodes, Artemisia songorica and A. xerophytica mainly on the slope of sand dunes and the third group was dominated by the shrub species, Haloxylon persicum mainly on the top of sand dunes. There was no difference in plant density between Groups 1 and 2 but there was a significant decrease in Group 3. Soil water under vegetation Group 3 was much lower than that in the other two groups at all soil depths. The EC, organic matter, total P and soluble Na, Ca and Mg varied very similarly with soil water. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) satisfactorily assessed the species-soil relations in the area. The distribution of plant species was strongly correlated with the soil factors of water content, organic matter, EC and nutrients. The variations in species occurrence explained by the three CCA axes were about 70%, indicating that some explanatory site variables may exist outside our studied parameters. Soil texture is suggested to be included in future studies to improve the explanation of CCA.     

山西地区地震震源深度特征及构造意义

选取山西数字地震台网地震震源深度资料,采用网格滑动平均法,对2001—2011年2 535个定位精度为Ⅰ类(t≤0.5 s)、Ⅱ类(0.5 st≤1.5 s)且ML≥2.0地震的震源深度分布特征进行统计,结果显示,山西地区地震的平均震源深度为0—40 km,中小地震震源深度以6—20 km为主,个别区域有深度20 km以上的地震分布。从剖面图可见,山西地区震源深度分布集中,基本可见大同、忻定、太原和临汾盆地震源深度下界。分析可知,很多深源地震发生在盆地内部,此区域地震活动性高,震源深度范围大,与山西地堑的拉张构造吻合;山西地区地震震源深度由北向南逐渐变深,意味着山西省地堑的形成是从南向北逐渐发展的。     

新疆于田MS 7. 3 地震主震精定位研究

新疆、青海、西藏数字地震台网和新疆和田台阵都十分清晰、完整地记录到2014年2月12日新疆于田MS7.3地震的波形,故采用区域地震台网和地震台阵联合定位的方法精确测定该地震的震源位置。具体定位时采用了以下技术:①根据MS7.3地震震中的位置,360°等方位均匀选取台站,平均每隔约15°选取1个台站参与初始定位;②将于田台的记录波形旋转至径向和切向上精确测定S波的到时,并以此控制震中距;③测定震中位置时采用的速度模型,是以震源为中心、半径约为1.0°范围内发生的历史地震资料为基础,经重新拟合后获得的速度模型;④利用和田地震台阵记录的主震波形资料,经波形聚束方法处理后测定方位角,并以此方位角修正震中位置;⑤采用确定性方法测定震源深度。最终得到新疆于田MS7.3地震主震的震中位置为36.197°N、82.467°E,震源深度为12km,发震时刻为2014年2月12日17:19:48.2。     

新疆地震台网对新疆呼图壁大容量气枪震源信号的接收能力及其影响因素分析

利用新疆地震台网资料和功率谱密度法,以台站噪声的功率谱密度中值曲线作为评估台站噪声水平的依据,对6个台站的噪声水平进行了评估。对比不同台站的功率谱密度和气枪震源信号的识别情况发现,通过2000次叠加,可以识别气枪震源信号的台站的噪声水平均低于无法识别气枪震源的台站,噪声功率谱密度最大差值为40dB,最小差值15dB。最后通过对噪声水平的评估,判断部分台站无法识别气枪震源信号的主要原因是台站噪声水平较高造成的。     

新疆地震台网对新疆呼图壁大容量气枪震源信号的接收能力及其影响因素分析

利用新疆地震台网资料和功率谱密度法,以台站噪声的功率谱密度中值曲线作为评估台站噪声水平的依据,对6个台站的噪声水平进行了评估。对比不同台站的功率谱密度和气枪震源信号的识别情况发现,通过2000次叠加可识别气枪震源信号的台站的噪声水平均低于无法识别的台站,噪声功率谱密度最大差值为40d B,最小差值15d B。最后通过对噪声水平的评估判断,部分台站无法识别气枪震源信号的主要原因是台站噪声水平较高。     

新疆地震台网中心速报卡信息提取软件研制

新疆地震台网中心速报卡信息提取软件根据大震应急快速反应的相关要求,结合震情值班室工作实际,提取正式速报卡信息内容,提高了大震应急短信的发布速度。