大兴安岭南段西坡拜仁达坝-维拉斯托矿床成矿流体特征及其演化

拜仁达坝-维拉斯托矿床是大兴安岭南段西坡最大的2个热液脉型银矿床, 对这两个矿床各阶段矿物(如黑钨矿、浅色闪锌矿、石英和萤石)中的流体包裹体进行研究, 并对硫化物进行了硫同位素分析.结果表明, 拜仁达坝矿床的流体从早阶段到晚阶段(Ⅰ→Ⅱ→Ⅲ)均一温度和盐度逐渐降低.维拉斯托矿床热液成矿期第Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿阶段具有高温高盐度的流体; 第Ⅲ成矿阶段具有不混溶流体, 即中温中盐度的流体(均一温度为208~294 ℃, 盐度含量为4.65%~12.39%)和高温低盐度的流体(均一温度为333~406 ℃, 盐度含量为3.55%~6.88%); 第Ⅳ成矿阶段具有低温较低盐度的流体.两个矿床的流体包裹体气相成分表明成矿流体均为CO₂-H₂O-NaCl体系.拜仁达坝矿床的均一温度和盐度随着成矿阶段逐渐降低和氢氧同位素证据均表明, 早阶段的流体主要为岩浆水来源, 晚阶段的流体混入了大气降水.维拉斯托矿床氢氧同位素证据和流体中的成分(CH₄/C₂H₆为39.271%~101.438%)均表明其成矿流体主要为岩浆水来源.拜仁达坝-维拉斯托矿床的硫具有深源特征, 拜仁达坝矿床的成矿机制主要与不同来源的成矿流体混合有关; 维拉斯托矿床的成矿机制主要与降温和成矿流体不混溶有关.      

且干布拉克早寒武世硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征及地质意义

通过对西山布拉克组第一岩性段硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征研究,探讨其沉积环境和成因,推测其与库鲁克塔格早古生代地壳演化关系。研究区硅质岩夹泥质硅岩、流纹质晶屑凝灰岩的岩石组合,硅质岩的Al/(Al+Fe)值(~0.6)、Ce/Ce*值(~0.57)、(La/Yb)n值(~0.66)等特征指示为欠补偿、缺氧的深水盆地沉积环境。其Fe/Ti值(~29.2),Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值(~0.54),(Fe+Mn)/Ti值(~31.3),富集Ag,As,Sb,Ba元素等特征,表明该区硅质岩为热水和海水混合成因,形成过程中海水有较高的生产力。硅质岩∑REE在剖面底部为14.9×10-6,向上减小为8.6×10-6,至顶部增加到105.6×10-6,表明剖面底部到顶部热水活动强度呈减弱趋势。早寒武世硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征表明,硅质岩形成于裂陷槽盆地中,是上升洋流将海底热水物质带至沉积地点与海水发生不同程度混合的产物,为库鲁克塔格早寒武世早期处于拉张裂解环境提供了岩石学和地球化学证据。     

内蒙古巴彦淖尔市一次强降水过程诊断分析

运用常规气象资料和自动站实测资料,从低涡系统的演变规律及物理机制等方面对2010年9月6-9日发生在内蒙古巴彦淖尔市一次强降水过程进行诊断分析.结果表明:此过程是在中高纬稳定的大尺度环流背景下,由地面气旋、低涡和副热带高压共同作用下产生的,东移的冷空气与西南暖湿气流在巴彦淖尔市上空交绥是造成此次强降水的主要原因.充足、稳定的水汽输送和较强的水汽辐合,为此次强降水提供了充足的水汽条件.高空强烈的辐散,通过抽吸作用引起低层强烈的辐合,从而促使垂直上升运动增强,是此次降水天气发生的动力.500 hPa层以上大气层结稳定,阻挡暖湿空气向上输送,促使不稳定能量在500 hPa层以下积累,为此次强降水发生提供了足够的能量条件.850 hPa偏东风暖湿气流受阴山的阻挡和抬升,降水量增加,而山后降水量减少.乌拉山与白云查汗山形成狭长山谷,边界层东风气流穿过,狭管效应有利于此地风速增大,将大量的水汽输送到巴彦淖尔市上空.     

Assimilating QuikSCAT Ocean Surface Winds with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for Surface Wind-Field Simulation over the Chukchi/Beaufort Seas

To achieve a high-quality simulation of the surface wind field in the Chukchi/Beaufort Sea region, quick scatterometer (QuikSCAT) ocean surface winds were assimilated into the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting model by using its three-dimensional variational data assimilation system. The SeaWinds instrument on board the polar-orbiting QuikSCAT satellite is a specialized radar that measures ice-free ocean surface wind speed and direction at a horizontal resolution of 12.5 km. A total of eight assimilation case studies over two five-day periods, 1–5 October 2002 and 20–24 September 2004, were performed. The simulation results with and without the assimilation of QuikSCAT winds were then compared with QuikSCAT data available during the subsequent free-forecast period, coastal station observations, and North American Regional Reanalysis data. It was found that QuikSCAT winds are a potentially valuable resource for improving the simulation of ocean near-surface winds in the Chukchi/Beaufort Seas region. Specifically, the assimilation of QuikSCAT winds improved, (1) offshore surface winds as compared to unassimilated QuikSCAT winds, (2) sea-level pressure, planetary boundary-layer height, as well as surface heat fluxes, and (3) low-level wind fields and geopotential height. Verification against QuikSCAT data also demonstrated the temporal consistency and good quality of QuikSCAT observations.     

Human-induced change in sedimentary trace metals and phosphorus in Chaohu Lake,China, over the past half-millennium

We present a sedimentary geochemical record of human perturbation in the watershed and related changes in trace metals (Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb), phosphorus and abundant rock-forming elements (Al, Fe, K, Mg, etc.) in Chaohu Lake over the past 500 years, a period spanning historical agricultural expansion and modern economic development. The record exhibited a stable terrestrial detrital input to Chaohu Lake before ca. 1540 AD, a period with less human perturbation of the watershed, which resulted in low and constant values of trace metals and phosphorus (TP) concentrations as well as Al, Fe, K, Mg, fine silt (<16 μm), the chemical index of alteration (CIA) and K/Na ratio. Two periods of successive marked increases in Al, Fe, K, Mg, fine silt, chemical index of alteration (CIA) and K/Na ratio occurred after ca. 1540 AD and 1950 AD. The former period apparently resulted from enhanced well-weathered topsoil erosion in the watershed related to the expansion of arable land, and the latter resulted from further enhancement of human perturbation in the watershed during the modern period. Concentrations of trace metals and TP were positively correlated with that of the rock-forming elements and fine silt. Trace metal pollution was limited during 1540–1950 AD, according to the low enrichment factors (EFs = 0.8–1.1), when an increase in trace metal concentrations was also linked to changes in detrital input. In addition to detrital regulation, pollution also contributed to an increase in TP concentrations (average EF 1.4) during 1540–1950 AD and the average accumulation rate of anthropogenic phosphorus was 87.3 mg m⁻² a⁻¹. Anthropogenic phosphorus increased further and Pb and Zn pollution also occurred after 1950 AD, reaching maximum values after 1980 AD, when the average accumulation rates of anthropogenic Zn, Pb and phosphorus (mainly in the form of NaOH-P) were 242.2, 43.3 and 811.8 mg m⁻² a⁻¹, respectively. The increase in phosphorus pollution in recent decades is probably from the domestic sewage sources of Hefei City and non-point sources related to agricultural utilization of commercial fertilizer, whereas Zn and Pb pollution is probably derived mainly from industrial sources of Hefei City, as deduced from their spatial variations in the sediments of the river mouths.     

高原地区雷暴过程地面电场变化特征分析

高原地区是我国雷暴天气多发区之一。通过对大气电场仪所测得雷电过程地面电场变化特征的分析有助于了解这一地区的雷暴特征,对认识该地区雷暴过程特征有一定的参考价值。对雷暴过程初期的地面电场波形变化的曲线拟合,总结出了共同的特征,为地面电场资料在雷电预警预报中的应用提供了参考价值。对雷暴过程地面电场资料的特征分析以及预报方面的研究都是很有现实意义的。     

砖木、砖石结构建筑闪电分流系数研究

随着经济的发展,我国对高层建筑,以及智能建筑物的防雷很重视,具体的防雷措施也做的很到位.但相对于一些古建筑物来说,特别是砖木,砖石结构建筑,在防雷方面却没有引起足够的重视,现阶段能够大量保存的砖木、砖石结构建筑大部分都是具有重要历史、艺术、科学价值的革命遗址、纪念建筑物、古文化遗址、古城址、古窑址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺、古民居、石刻等文物,因此对这些建筑的防雷措施应该更加重视.本文做了关于砖木、砖石结构建筑闪电分流系数研究,仅供参考,希望对砖木、砖石建筑物雷电防护工作起到一定的作用.     

阿尔金南缘冰沟南组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其前寒武纪构造演化意义

在阿尔金南缘玉苏普阿勒克塔格北侧出露的冰沟组火山岩为一套与滨浅海相细粒陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩共生的中基性火山岩,主要岩石类型有蚀变熔结凝灰岩、安山质凝灰熔岩和强蚀变玄武安山岩。该火山岩作为Columbia超大陆裂解阶段的物质记录,对其年代学和产出的地质构造背景的探讨,有助于探讨阿尔金南缘前寒武纪构造演化过程。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究结果显示,强蚀变玄武安山岩样品具有两组锆石年龄,第一组年龄分别为944. 7±6. 4 Ma(n=8,MSWD=0. 057)和951. 2±6. 3 Ma(n=12,MSWD=0. 042),测点位于锆石震荡环带上,显示了典型的岩浆锆石的特征,代表火山岩的形成时代,属青白口纪早期;第二组年龄介于446±5～458±4Ma,与区域高压—超高压岩石的原岩的退变质时代(～450 Ma)一致,可能代表受该期陆壳深俯冲/折返事件改造。另外,228±6 Ma、229±4 Ma和130±1 Ma的年龄信息,可能代表火山岩还遭受了晚三叠世和早白垩世构造热事件改造。构造背景分析表明,该火山岩形成于板内裂谷环境,对应于Columbia超大陆裂解阶段的晚期,之后索尔库里群沉积盆地由拉张转换到汇聚的构造背景,转为Rodinia超大陆汇聚阶段。结合区域地质特征和该火山岩年龄信息,进一步制约了阿尔金南缘Columbia超大陆裂解和Rodinia超大陆汇聚的时限分别为945～1602 Ma和871～945 Ma。     

Rock Mass Characteristics in Beishan, A Preselected Area for China’s High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal

Geological and hydrological characteristics, joint geometric features, rock physical and mechanical properties and rock mass quality are studied in the Beishan area, preselected for China’s high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal engineering. A comprehensive survey method is developed to study joint geometric features in the outcrop and samples from borehole BS06 into the Xinchang rock mass were tested. The optimal joint sets are determined by rose diagrams and equal-area lower hemisphere plots of joint poles. Results show that: 1) the distribution of joint occurrence obeys a normal distribution, while the distribution of joint spacing obeys a negative exponential distribution; 2) concentric circular and tangent circular sampling windows are applied to study the trace length and the trace midpoint density. Results indicate that tangent circular sampling window is more stable and reasonable; 3) Beishan granite shows high density, low porosity and high strength based on many laboratory tests and the physical properties and mechanical properties are closely related; and 4) a synthesis index, Joint Structure Rating (JSR), is applied to evaluate the quality of rock mass. Through the research results of rock mass characteristics, the Xinchang rock mass in the Beishan preselected area has the favorable conditions for China’s HLW disposal repository site.