晋陕峡谷北段晚新生代河流演化初步研究

晋陕峡谷黄河形成的时代是地学界十分关注的科学问题,长期存在比较大的意见分歧,至今没有得到比较好的解决。山西保德地区发育一套晚中新世-早上新世的河湖相沉积,年代为>8.3～3.7Ma, 地貌与地层分析表明,它们是唐县期夷平面的相关沉积。河湖相地层所含砾石层的组构和岩性统计揭示,当时汇入古湖的河流是发源于周围抬升区的短小河流,形成一个局地规模的湖泊水系。晋陕峡谷北段唐县期夷平面之上分布两期红粘土覆盖的河流砾石层,形成年代分别在4.9Ma前和3.7Ma前; 砾石组构和岩性统计揭示,它们所指示的河流流向向北,与黄河流向相反,是一个不同于现代黄河的古河流,它将保德古湖水系与河套盆地联系起来。3.7Ma前,强烈的地面上升导致河湖相沉积结束和唐县期夷平面抬升,风成红粘土堆积其上,地形起伏增大,河流溯源侵蚀加剧,水系进入重新组织阶段; 1.2Ma前,黄土高原南部的河流将原北流水系袭夺,黄河形成; 最近1.2Ma的强烈地面上升,导致黄河不断下切并发育多级阶地,逐渐形成现代壮观的深切峡谷地貌。     

祁连山构造地貌特征:青藏高原东北缘晚新生代构造变形和地貌演化过程的启示

祁连山地区作为青藏高原向北东方向扩展生长的前缘地区之一,对构造地貌发育特征及其控制因素研究是理解青藏高原东北缘晚新生代构造变形过程的重要内容之一。通过地形坡度、起伏度以及河流纵剖面分析,研究揭示出祁连山高坡度、高陡度的造山带边缘山系及高海拔、低起伏山间盆地发育地貌特征。结合区域隆升、侵蚀速率研究表明,祁连山山脉边缘部分山系发育接近平衡状态,而河流裂点的广泛发育进一步表明整个祁连山山脉地区的地貌特征,特别是河流地貌发育仍然处于瞬时(transient)状态。通过对比祁连山山脉10个不同背景下的流域盆地,发现无论是内流水系,还是外流水系,流域上游地区均发育有低起伏、低坡度的山间盆地,这一特征表明控制祁连山内部发育平坦地形的因素并非取决于是内流还是外流水系,而可能主要受控于河流水系搬运能力的强弱。除此之外,通过对比祁连山地区盆地形态研究表明,西北侧的狭长、平行盆地主要受控于阿尔金断裂走滑应变在祁连山地区的缩短吸收,而东南侧的菱形盆地则受控于海原、东昆仑左旋走滑断裂带及其次级鄂拉山、日月山右旋走滑断裂所夹持的块体。以现有流域盆地宽度与面积之间的关系为基础,我们初步推测了祁连山造山带西北侧的构造缩短量大致为61km,对应整个祁连山的缩短率大致为17%,与祁连山南侧区域结果相当。当然,考虑到祁连山东南侧大通河流域区的缩短量与周边研究的差异,我们不能排除祁连山造山带早期的构造缝合线或先存断裂对部分流域的线性排列也起到了一定的控制作用。     

A Machine Learning-based Cloud Detection Algorithm for the Himawari-8 Spectral Image

Cloud Masking is one of the most essential products for satellite remote sensing and downstream applications. This study develops machine learning-based (ML-based) cloud detection algorithms using spectral observations for the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite. Collocated active observations from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) are used to provide reference labels for model development and validation. We introduce both daytime and nighttime algorithms that differ according to whether solar band observations are included, and the artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) techniques are adopted for comparison. To eliminate the influences of surface conditions on cloud detection, we introduce three models with different treatments of the surface. Instead of developing independent ML-based algorithms, we add surface variables in a binary way that enhances the ML-based algorithm accuracy by ~5%. Validated against CALIOP observations, we find that our daytime RF-based algorithm outperforms the AHI operational algorithm by improving the accuracy of cloudy pixel detection by ~5%, while at the same time, reducing misjudgment by ~3%. The nighttime model with only infrared observations is also slightly better than the AHI operational product but may tend to overestimate cloudy pixels. Overall, our ML-based algorithms can serve as a reliable method to provide cloud mask results for both daytime and nighttime AHI observations. We furthermore suggest treating the surface with a set of independent variables for future ML-based algorithm development.     

VPN技术在流动测震台网中的应用

应急流动测震台网和遥测地震台网的性质不同,因此在组建方式上也具有差异性。VPN是一种新的网络技术,它能够提供远程访问,外部网和内部网的连接,价格比专线或者帧中继网络要低得多。目前,VPN技术在专用的传输业务中得到了广泛的应用。本文简要介绍了VPN技术原理,以及通过运用该技术借助GPRS和CDMA传输网络来实现流动测震信号的远程传输。     

武汉遥测台网地震记录中小爆破的判据研究

主要研究武汉地区小当量爆破(即矿山爆破)事件与小震级(ML 2.0左右)地震事件的识别与判据.     

蒙城地震台地电阻率各向异性参量研究

地电阻率各向异性参量计算方法是由钱复业,赵玉林等研究出来的方法。我们试用该方法编制相应的计算机程序,对蒙城地震台1978～2008年地电阻率的数据进行处理;并结合震例进行对比分析,发现对于震中距300km内的中强震,与地电阻率各向异性参数的趋势性变化存在密切的关系;地电阻率各向异性参量特征可以反映孕震区地下介质的孕震信息,对未来地震的预测将起到一定作用。     

琼中地震台典型震例记录特征

通过对琼中地震台CDSN数字地震仪记录的具有典型震例的分析,提高了日常分析水平及大震速报质量.     

An overview of dry-wet climate variability among monsoon-westerly regions and the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone in China

Climate in mainland China can be divided into the monsoon region in the southeast and the westerly region in the northwest as well as the intercross zone, i.e., the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone that is oriented from Southwest China to the upper Yellow River, North China, and Northeast China. In the three regions, dry-wet climate changes are directly linked to the interaction of the southerly monsoon flow on the east side of the Tibetan Plateau and the westerly flow on the north side of the Plateau from the inter-annual to inter-decadal timescales. Some basic features of climate variability in the three regions for the last half century and the historical hundreds of years are reviewed in this paper. In the last half century, an increasing trend of summer precipitation associated with the enhancing westerly flow is found in the westerly region from Xinjiang to northern parts of North China and Northeast China. On the other hand, an increasing trend of summer precipitation along the Yangtze River and a decreasing trend of summer precipitation along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone are associated with the weakening monsoon flow in East Asia. Historical documents are widely distributed in the monsoon region for hundreds of years and natural climate proxies are constructed in the non-monsoon region, while two types of climate proxies can be commonly found over the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone. In the monsoon region, dry-wet variation centers are altered among North China, the lower Yangtze River, and South China from one century to another. Dry or wet anomalies are firstly observed along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone and shifted southward or southeastward to the Yangtze River valley and South China in about a 70-year timescale. Severe drought events are experienced along the monsoon northernmost marginal active zone during the last 5 centuries. Inter-decadal dry-wet variations are depicted by natural proxies for the last 4--5 centuries in several areas over the non-monsoon region. Some questions, such as the impact of global warming on dry-wet regime changes in China, complex interactions between the monsoon and westerly flows in Northeast China, and the integrated multi-proxy analysis throughout all of China, are proposed.     

Vertical atmospheric structure of the late summer clear days over the east Gansu loess plateau in China

In this paper, by using the sounding data collected in LOPEX05, we have analyzed the vertical atmospheric structure and boundary layer characteristics of temperature and humidity in the late summer over the east Gansu loess plateau. The results show that the bottom of the stratosphere is at about 16 500 m and varies between 14 000 m and 18 000 m above the ground. The center of the westerly jet is located between 8300 m and 14 300 m above the ground and its direction moves between 260° and 305°. There is an ...     

A synergic algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical depth over land

In this paper, a novel algorithm for aerosol optical depth(AOD) retrieval with a 1 km spatial resolution over land is presented using the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) dual-view capability at 0.55, 0.66 and 0.87 μm, in combination with the Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model, a product of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The BRDF characteristics of the land surface, i.e. prior input parameters for this algorithm, are computed by extracti...