潮白河流域人工复合地层系统去除甲氧苄胺嘧啶的模拟研究

基于潮白河流域再生水的场地回灌,为提高抗生素甲氧苄氨嘧啶（TMP）的去除率,降低其进入地下水的风险,选用价格低廉对TMP有高效去除性能的黏土陶粒作为吸附剂,构建去除TMP的人工复合土柱。吸附实验研究结果显示黏土陶粒对TMP吸附容量达到151.824 μg/g,具有去除再生水中TMP能力;TMP在黏土陶粒解吸过程中存在解吸滞后性的现象。柱实验研究结果表明此人工复合土柱能够有效地去除再生水中TMP,去除率高于95%,其去除机制主要是吸附与生物降解协同作用。本研究建立的人工复合土层系统能有效地去除再生水中TMP,对实际场地回灌工程具有指导性作用。     

贵州天柱云洞地区铅锌矿的发现及其找矿意义

通过贵州天柱重晶石矿整装勘查,在天柱云洞重晶石矿床下部发现铅锌矿体,矿体产于陡山沱组地层中,呈层状产出,规模较大,具有"上部重晶石矿,下部铅锌矿"的分布规律。从矿床地质、地化特征等方面研究,获得该矿床属于热水喷流沉积成因的初步证据。通过与典型SEDEX铅锌矿床对比,云洞地区铅锌矿的矿体形态、矿物组合、矿石组构、围岩蚀变,以及沉积、构造环境等,都与典型SEDEX铅锌矿床具有相似性。根据沉积、构造背景分析,认为湘西黔东具备热水喷流沉积(SEDEX)型铅锌矿床的成矿条件,预测天柱坪地—新晃—玉屏一带具有寻找大型铅锌矿床的前景。     

Genesis of Dolomite from Ma55–Ma510 Sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi Area in the Ordos Basin

We clarified three stages of dolomitization and secondary changes by studying the petrology and geochemistry characteristics of dolomite from the Ma55–Ma510 sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi area in the Ordos Basin: (1) Syngenetic microbial dolomitization is characterized by formation of dolomite with a mainly micrite structure and horse tooth-shape dolomite cements. (2) Seepage reflux dolomitization during the penecontemporaneous period superposed adjustment functions such as recrystallization and stabilization in the middle-deep burial stage, forming dolomites mainly consisting of micro crystal and powder crystal structure. (3) Powder dolomite, fine dolomite, and medium-coarse crystalline dolomite formed in pores and fractures in the middle-deep burial stage. The secondary concussive transgression-regression under a regressive background is an important condition for the occurrence of many stages of dolomitization in the study area. The basin was an occlusive epicontinental sea environment in the Ma5 member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation sedimentary period. In the sediments, sulfate content was high, which is conducive to the preservation of microbial activity and microbial dolomitization. Micritic dolomite formed by microbial dolomitization provides good migration pathways for seepage reflux dolomitization. Affected by evaporation seawater with increased Mg/Ca ratio, seepage reflux dolomitization was widely developed and formed large-scale dolomite, and underwater uplifts and slopes are favorable areas for dolomite. In the middle-deep burial stage, dolomitizing fluid in the stratum recrystallized or stabilized the previous dolomite and formed a small amount of euhedral dolomite in the pores and fractures.     

从构造热事件探讨湖南志留纪沉积时限兼论盆地演化特征

湖南地区志留纪的沉积时限一直以来争议颇多,笔者通过对该区沉积特征及层序地层、构造运动分析发现:小溪峪组属于一套有障壁海岸浅海细碎屑沉积,是海水由南东向北西退却期的沉积响应,属于早期高水位体系域;泥盆系云台观组属一套海侵型的海相陆源碎屑岩沉积,从野外的界面特征分析云台观组为一套开阔海岸受波浪作用明显的以石英砂为主体的沉积物,属于广西运动之后由东南向北西形成的海侵过程的沉积响应。小溪峪组与云台观组二者所属沉积盆地环境和演化不同,其界面属于Ⅰ型层序界面,不整合接触。广西运动导致的江南造山带的隆起在430Ma左右结束,志留纪沉积盆地应大部分消亡,由此认为志留纪沉积盆地接受的沉积物时间也应在相对应时段中,小溪峪组在湖南地区不存在晚志留纪沉积物。     

陕西省佳县地质灾害发育特征与形成条件分析

佳县位于陕西省东北部黄河中游西岸,受特殊的地形地貌、岩土体结构、降雨和人类活动等影响,区内地质灾害发育数量多,危害大,各类地质灾害的形成条件、分布规律和发育特征具有诸多共性和一定规律,同时又呈现出各自差异性特征和独特规律。     

地壳形变分析的总体最小二乘配置方法

针对地壳形变问题中观测向量和趋势项系数矩阵均含有误差的情况,研究了总体最小二乘配置平差方法,在广义总体最小二乘准则下推导了具体的解算公式和迭代算法。利用模拟的地壳水平形变和2009年意大利L’Aquila实际地震数据进行分析,结果表明,总体最小二乘配置与传统的最小二乘配置方法在地壳形变分析中的效果基本一致,并给出了相关的理论依据。     

Tracing environmental lead sources on the Ao mountain of China using lead isotopic composition and biomonitoring

Atmospheric lead(Pb) and other trace metals can transport over long distance and deposit on remote alpine ecosystems. In this work, the soil profiles, litter and dominant mosses along a large altitude were collected on Ao Mountain, Central China, to obtain the spatial distributions of Pb in these materials, decipher the possible factors controlling the distribution, and quantitatively distinguish the natural versus anthropogenic sources of Pb through the Pb isotopic tracing and biomonitoring. The results show that soil Pb concentrations(mg/kg) decreased significantly with depth, and they were markedly higher in the O(42.6± 2.7) and A(36.4 ± 2.2) horizons than in the litter(7.20 ± 1.9) and mosses(28.0 ± 3.9). The Pb enrichment in the surface soils(O and A horizons),litter and mosses existed in the relatively high altitudes, which was attributed to the influences from atmospheric wet deposition, plants, soil physicochemical properties and human activity. ThePb isotopic ratios identified the Pb sources as originating mainly from Chinese coal combustion,mining and smelting. Atmospheric Pb from southeastern, southwestern and northwestern regions could be deposited in the alpine ecosystem by long distance atmospheric transport. The anthropogenic Pb reached over 50% in the O and A horizons, and over 70% in the litter and mosses, which corresponded to the concentrations of 26.9, 17.7, 5.92 and 21.2 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicate that the mutual effects of climate and regional human activity could increase the Pb accumulation in remote alpine ecosystems.     

北京市二手房价格时空演变特征

城市住宅价格时空格局及演变特征是衡量城市房地产市场发展均衡性的重要指标。针对海量的互联网实时房产数据,本文构建了一种长时序时空大数据挖掘方法。首先,利用挂牌数据和成交数据,进行了泛在网络地产数据的可用性验证;其次,提出了“混合像元”的多尺度栅格模型,以构建基于栅格系统的房产统计特征描述,形成了多源网络房产数据融合方法;然后分别采用莫兰指数和地理探测器分析房价的空间自相关性和分异性,并基于P-Bshade和邻近栅格时空插值算法解决了稀疏房产数据的融合与插值问题,构建了长时序房地产时空栅格数据库;最后,以北京六环范围内为研究区域,通过栅格区划算法进行了二手房价格时空演变格局的挖掘分析。     

一种基于Partial EIV模型的多项式拟合解法

针对多项式拟合模型系数矩阵中部分元素是某一自变量的函数的特点,根据Partial EIV模型的解算思想,将系数矩阵中自变量的函数作为随机元素提取,顾及泰勒展开的二阶项,由协方差传播律计算自变量函数的协因数阵进行平差解算。实验结果表明,系数矩阵的元素不再是单独的自变量时,使用该算法可以得到与已有非线性总体最小二乘方法相近的参数结果,从构造随机向量权阵的角度提供了一种新的解算方法。     

汶川8.0级地震地表变形局部化样式与建筑物破坏特征关系初步研究

本文以汶川地震地表形变带的实地测量数据为基础,结合沿实测地震地表变形剖面建筑物破坏情况的调查与测量,分析了不同地震地表变形类型及其建筑物破坏特征,定量化地讨论了地表变形梯度与建筑物破坏程度间的关系。提出无论地震地表变形表现为何种类型的断层陡坎,地表破裂、强变形局部化在宽10~30m的地表破裂带内;建筑物受损情况最直接的影响是建筑物所处地点的地表变形梯度,地表变形梯度大于0.1的地段,建筑物均完全被摧毁;地表变形梯度在0.07~0.1间的地段,建筑物遭受严重损坏,产生倾斜及强烈变形等;地表变形梯度在0.03~0.07之间的地段,建筑物可能受到中度损坏,产生倾斜及变形等,具有抗震设防能力的构建筑物一般不会倒塌;地表变形梯度小于0.03的地段具有抗震设防能力的构建筑物一般只会受到轻的损坏或基本完好。