川中高石梯-磨溪地区震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩岩石类型及分布规律

四川盆地川中地区震旦系气藏储量规模大,储层分布面积广。在Folk(1959)碳酸盐岩分类方案与张荫本等(1996)对粘结岩分类方案研究的基础之上,结合四川盆地震旦系灯影组的具体情况,提出新的划分方案。研究表明:(1)高石梯-磨溪地区震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩岩石类型可分为3个亚类,10个微类。该方案不同之处在于把凝块(石)云岩归位颗粒岩,同时根据藻的形态把藻云岩进一步细分;(2)沉积岩类的发育和分布受沉积层序的控制。海侵体系域(TST)沉积阶段,以泥-粉晶云岩、微生物岩等正化学岩沉积为主。高位体系域(HST)沉积阶段,以凝块云岩、砂屑云岩等异化颗粒岩沉积为主。纵向上,岩性具有从暗色泥晶云岩→藻云岩→颗粒云岩→浅色泥晶云岩演化的特征,即泻湖亚相→藻丘亚相→颗粒滩亚相→台坪亚相的规律;(3)凝块云岩、砂屑云岩等颗粒岩是主要的储集岩类;(4)灯影组碳酸盐岩不同岩类的发育和分布对储层的发育起到控制作用。对灯影组的油气勘探,除了对岩溶作用的研究之外,还需要重视沉积古地貌、岩相展布特征的分析,有助于有效的预测灯影组储层"甜点区"。     

库车前陆冲断带西部却勒盐推覆体变形特征分析

库车前陆冲断带西部发育中国最好的地表盐构造,可作为盐构造研究的天然实验室。前人对本区盐构造的研究主要集中于地下,包括地下盐构造样式的识别、地下盐构造分段性研究及盐构造形成机制研究等,而对于地表盐构造的研究相对较少。文章在前人研究的基础上,通过详细的野外填图,并辅以地震解释、遥感解译等方法,对库车前陆冲断带西部却勒盐推覆体变形特征进行分析,认为却勒盐推覆体的发育受控于却勒逆冲断层,库姆格列木群盐岩随逆冲断层出露地表。盐推覆体在东西向上构造差异较大,具有明显的分段性,在推覆体的中、西部,推覆体上盘地层发育齐全,盐岩仅沿推覆体逆冲前缘出露地表,属于典型的露趾增生型盐席;而在推覆体东部的察尔汗盐席处,盐上地层被剥蚀,盐岩出露地表后在重力的驱动下向周缘流动,属于溢流增生型盐席。察尔汗盐席受地表径流和降水作用影响明显,发育大量溶洞和盐山构造,并以"脉动流"的形式向前增生。盐内能干层的变形特征是反映盐岩流动性强弱的指标,盐推覆体东部察尔汗盐席盐内能干层变形样式更复杂,盐岩的流变性更强。缺少厚层顶板的限制和受降水及地表径流的充分影响是察尔汗盐席盐岩流变性较强的原因。     

潮白河流域人工复合地层系统去除甲氧苄胺嘧啶的模拟研究

基于潮白河流域再生水的场地回灌,为提高抗生素甲氧苄氨嘧啶（TMP）的去除率,降低其进入地下水的风险,选用价格低廉对TMP有高效去除性能的黏土陶粒作为吸附剂,构建去除TMP的人工复合土柱。吸附实验研究结果显示黏土陶粒对TMP吸附容量达到151.824 μg/g,具有去除再生水中TMP能力;TMP在黏土陶粒解吸过程中存在解吸滞后性的现象。柱实验研究结果表明此人工复合土柱能够有效地去除再生水中TMP,去除率高于95%,其去除机制主要是吸附与生物降解协同作用。本研究建立的人工复合土层系统能有效地去除再生水中TMP,对实际场地回灌工程具有指导性作用。     

贵州天柱云洞地区铅锌矿的发现及其找矿意义

通过贵州天柱重晶石矿整装勘查,在天柱云洞重晶石矿床下部发现铅锌矿体,矿体产于陡山沱组地层中,呈层状产出,规模较大,具有"上部重晶石矿,下部铅锌矿"的分布规律。从矿床地质、地化特征等方面研究,获得该矿床属于热水喷流沉积成因的初步证据。通过与典型SEDEX铅锌矿床对比,云洞地区铅锌矿的矿体形态、矿物组合、矿石组构、围岩蚀变,以及沉积、构造环境等,都与典型SEDEX铅锌矿床具有相似性。根据沉积、构造背景分析,认为湘西黔东具备热水喷流沉积(SEDEX)型铅锌矿床的成矿条件,预测天柱坪地—新晃—玉屏一带具有寻找大型铅锌矿床的前景。     

Genesis of Dolomite from Ma55–Ma510 Sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi Area in the Ordos Basin

We clarified three stages of dolomitization and secondary changes by studying the petrology and geochemistry characteristics of dolomite from the Ma55–Ma510 sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi area in the Ordos Basin: (1) Syngenetic microbial dolomitization is characterized by formation of dolomite with a mainly micrite structure and horse tooth-shape dolomite cements. (2) Seepage reflux dolomitization during the penecontemporaneous period superposed adjustment functions such as recrystallization and stabilization in the middle-deep burial stage, forming dolomites mainly consisting of micro crystal and powder crystal structure. (3) Powder dolomite, fine dolomite, and medium-coarse crystalline dolomite formed in pores and fractures in the middle-deep burial stage. The secondary concussive transgression-regression under a regressive background is an important condition for the occurrence of many stages of dolomitization in the study area. The basin was an occlusive epicontinental sea environment in the Ma5 member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation sedimentary period. In the sediments, sulfate content was high, which is conducive to the preservation of microbial activity and microbial dolomitization. Micritic dolomite formed by microbial dolomitization provides good migration pathways for seepage reflux dolomitization. Affected by evaporation seawater with increased Mg/Ca ratio, seepage reflux dolomitization was widely developed and formed large-scale dolomite, and underwater uplifts and slopes are favorable areas for dolomite. In the middle-deep burial stage, dolomitizing fluid in the stratum recrystallized or stabilized the previous dolomite and formed a small amount of euhedral dolomite in the pores and fractures.     

从构造热事件探讨湖南志留纪沉积时限兼论盆地演化特征

湖南地区志留纪的沉积时限一直以来争议颇多,笔者通过对该区沉积特征及层序地层、构造运动分析发现:小溪峪组属于一套有障壁海岸浅海细碎屑沉积,是海水由南东向北西退却期的沉积响应,属于早期高水位体系域;泥盆系云台观组属一套海侵型的海相陆源碎屑岩沉积,从野外的界面特征分析云台观组为一套开阔海岸受波浪作用明显的以石英砂为主体的沉积物,属于广西运动之后由东南向北西形成的海侵过程的沉积响应。小溪峪组与云台观组二者所属沉积盆地环境和演化不同,其界面属于Ⅰ型层序界面,不整合接触。广西运动导致的江南造山带的隆起在430Ma左右结束,志留纪沉积盆地应大部分消亡,由此认为志留纪沉积盆地接受的沉积物时间也应在相对应时段中,小溪峪组在湖南地区不存在晚志留纪沉积物。     

陕西省佳县地质灾害发育特征与形成条件分析

佳县位于陕西省东北部黄河中游西岸,受特殊的地形地貌、岩土体结构、降雨和人类活动等影响,区内地质灾害发育数量多,危害大,各类地质灾害的形成条件、分布规律和发育特征具有诸多共性和一定规律,同时又呈现出各自差异性特征和独特规律。     

地壳形变分析的总体最小二乘配置方法

针对地壳形变问题中观测向量和趋势项系数矩阵均含有误差的情况,研究了总体最小二乘配置平差方法,在广义总体最小二乘准则下推导了具体的解算公式和迭代算法。利用模拟的地壳水平形变和2009年意大利L’Aquila实际地震数据进行分析,结果表明,总体最小二乘配置与传统的最小二乘配置方法在地壳形变分析中的效果基本一致,并给出了相关的理论依据。     

Tracing environmental lead sources on the Ao mountain of China using lead isotopic composition and biomonitoring

Atmospheric lead(Pb) and other trace metals can transport over long distance and deposit on remote alpine ecosystems. In this work, the soil profiles, litter and dominant mosses along a large altitude were collected on Ao Mountain, Central China, to obtain the spatial distributions of Pb in these materials, decipher the possible factors controlling the distribution, and quantitatively distinguish the natural versus anthropogenic sources of Pb through the Pb isotopic tracing and biomonitoring. The results show that soil Pb concentrations(mg/kg) decreased significantly with depth, and they were markedly higher in the O(42.6± 2.7) and A(36.4 ± 2.2) horizons than in the litter(7.20 ± 1.9) and mosses(28.0 ± 3.9). The Pb enrichment in the surface soils(O and A horizons),litter and mosses existed in the relatively high altitudes, which was attributed to the influences from atmospheric wet deposition, plants, soil physicochemical properties and human activity. ThePb isotopic ratios identified the Pb sources as originating mainly from Chinese coal combustion,mining and smelting. Atmospheric Pb from southeastern, southwestern and northwestern regions could be deposited in the alpine ecosystem by long distance atmospheric transport. The anthropogenic Pb reached over 50% in the O and A horizons, and over 70% in the litter and mosses, which corresponded to the concentrations of 26.9, 17.7, 5.92 and 21.2 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicate that the mutual effects of climate and regional human activity could increase the Pb accumulation in remote alpine ecosystems.     

北京市二手房价格时空演变特征

城市住宅价格时空格局及演变特征是衡量城市房地产市场发展均衡性的重要指标。针对海量的互联网实时房产数据,本文构建了一种长时序时空大数据挖掘方法。首先,利用挂牌数据和成交数据,进行了泛在网络地产数据的可用性验证;其次,提出了“混合像元”的多尺度栅格模型,以构建基于栅格系统的房产统计特征描述,形成了多源网络房产数据融合方法;然后分别采用莫兰指数和地理探测器分析房价的空间自相关性和分异性,并基于P-Bshade和邻近栅格时空插值算法解决了稀疏房产数据的融合与插值问题,构建了长时序房地产时空栅格数据库;最后,以北京六环范围内为研究区域,通过栅格区划算法进行了二手房价格时空演变格局的挖掘分析。