2007年初一次雪后大雾天气过程分析

大雾天气是主要的灾害性天气之一。利用多种观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,分析了2007年1月15日华北和黄淮地区的雪后大雾天气产生的天气背景及其形成的温湿条件和层结特征。结果表明:在这次大雾天气发生时,亚欧大陆中高纬度的环流形势为两槽一脊型,中纬度无明显冷空气活动,南支气流较为平直,天气形势比较稳定。华北和黄淮地区位于入海高压的后部,近地面层有弱的东北风或偏东风,即有利于海洋上暖湿气流的平流输送,又不至于破坏大雾形成的温湿条件。同时,大气层结是绝对稳定的,低层有深厚的逆温层,当暖湿空气平流到温度较低的下垫面上时冷却而形成雾,因而这次大雾天气属于典型的平流雾。这种形势的稳定维持,造成了这次持续时间较长的大范围的大雾天气。另外,华北和黄淮较低的海拔高度,有利于暖湿空气的平流进入,也是大雾形成的重要因子。     

Review of pre-processing technologies for ice cores

High-resolution ice core records covering long time spans enable reconstruction of the past climatic and environmental conditions allowing the investigation of the earth system’s evolution. Preprocessing of ice cores has direct impacts on the data quality control for further analysis since the conventional ice core processing is time-consuming, produces qualitative data, leads to ice mass loss, and leads to risks of potential secondary pollution. However, over the past several decades, preprocessing of ice cores has received less attention than the improvement of ice drilling, the analytical methodology of various indices, and the researches on the climatic and environmental significance of ice core records. Therefore, this papers reviews the development of the processing for ice cores including framework, design as well as materials, analyzes the technical advantages and disadvantages of the different systems. In the past, continuous flow analysis (CFA) has been successfully applied to process the polar ice cores. However, it is not suitable for ice cores outside polar region because of high level of particles, the memory effect between samples, and the filtration before injection. Ice core processing is a subtle and professional operation due to the fragility of the nonmetallic materials and the random distribution of particles and air bubbles in ice cores, which aggravates uncertainty in the measurements. The future developments of CFA are discussed in preprocessing, memory effect, challenge for brittle ice, coupling with real-time analysis and optimization of CFA in the field. Furthermore, non-polluting cutters with many different configurations could be designed to cut and scrape in multiple directions and to separate inner and outer portions of the core. This system also needs to be coupled with streamlined operation of packaging, coding, and stacking that can be implemented at high resolution and rate, avoiding manual intervention. At the same time, information of the longitudinal sections could be scanned and identified, and then classified to obtain quantitative data. In addition, irregular ice volume and weight can also be obtained accurately. These improvements are recorded automatically via user-friendly interfaces. These innovations may be applied to other paleomedias with similar features and needs.     

基于天地图的房屋建筑区数据提取方法及应用研究

房屋建筑区是组成居民地的重要设施,是人类生产生活居住的重要空间,同时也是破坏性地震发生后造成人员伤亡和财产损失的直接载体,震后对建筑物的快速评估,对指导抗震救灾、预估地震损失具有重要的意义,因此房屋建筑成为了遥感影像识别提取的焦点。本文通过（1）下载包含房屋建筑区的天地图2D平面地图;（2）采集房屋建筑区RGB色彩值,对天地图数据进行重分类;（3）按照房屋建筑区分类值,提取相关数据,以上三个步骤得到了2D平面地图的房屋建筑区数据。以遥感影像数据为基础对张家口地区房屋建筑区的提取结果进行验证,证实了提取方法的有效性和精确性。在数据应用方面,房屋建筑区数据可与三维场景建模相结合,为应急指挥者快速了解震中区域的地形地貌、居民地分布情况、交通、断裂分布情况及潜在地质灾害隐患点提供直观的数据支撑。     

多波段类星体巡天观测

在发现类星体的方法中,最有效的４ 种方法是：颜色方法,无缝光谱方法,射电方法和Ｘ射线方法。覆盖的波段为：射电波段,光学波段和Ｘ 射线波段。我们将４ 种方法联合在一起,应用于４ 个ＵＫＳｃｈｍｉｄｔ 天区。其目的是尽量减少选择效应,建立更完备的类星体巡天样本。本工作从１００２ 天区入手。已完成了Ｘ 射线选和部分光学选的分光观测工作。发现了一颗Ｂ＝ １５ ．０ 的亮类星体和一个Ｓｅｙｆｅｒｔ 对,其强Ｘ 射线辐射,是迄今首次观测到的。     

海洋表面流的高频雷达遥感

解释了利用高频雷达探测海洋表面流的基本原理,简要介绍了新研制的海态监测分析雷达OSMAR的组成及其工作流程,着重分析了利用OSMAR探测北部湾海流的实验结果．     

Distribution of the indigenous microorganisms and mechanisms of their orientational activation in Daqing Oilfield

The distribution of indigenous microorganisms was surveyed in Block 1 of Daqing Oilfield. Based on this survey, the indigenous microorganisms in the formation water were activated with different activator systems at the simulated stratum ecological environment. The changes of the number of bacteria of various physiological groups were determined during the process of activation. Also changes of pH value and composition of gas productions were analyzed at the end of culturing. The results showed that the selected block formation water contained a great number of saprophytic bacteria, hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, fermentative bacteria, methane-producing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Under the conditions that the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria was controlled the block had the potential to enhance oil recovery by activating beneficial bacteria. The growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria can be inhibited through the activation of nitrate-reducing bacteria. The number of nitrate-reducing bacteria reached 10⁶–10⁷ cells/mL, but sulfate-reducing bacteria reached only 0–45 cells/mL in A system. Methane-producing bacteria can be activated by C, D activators. The relative content of biological methane in the light hydrocarbon gas reached 80% in C, D systems. B activator was conducive to the propagation of acid-producing bacteria, so that the pH value of the culture medium decreased from 7.5 to around 5.0. Hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria can be activated by various activator systems. There was low molecular light hydrocarbon in gas production according to the analysis of gas chromatograph. According to the content of methane and the number of methane-producing bacteria, methane only can be generated through activating methane-producing bacteria. By choosing different activator systems, various populations of indigenous microorganisms can be activated accordingly.     

埃尔米特插值函数在公路平面线形设计中的应用

三次样条函数在公路平面线形设计中有广泛的应用,但由于没有统一的函数表达式且计算量大,因而在应用上不便。埃尔米特插值函数的特点决定其能很好地逼近被插值函数,且计算过程简便。公路平面线形实例设计表明,三次埃尔米特插值函数用于公路平面线形设计中,能够满足路线设计规范(JTJ011-94)的要求,其设计结果与三次样条函数设计结果接近。本研究建立了公路平面线形设计的埃尔米特插值函数方法,可供公路平面线形设计工作参考。     

云南勐海勐满金矿床的地球化学特征及成因

云南勐满金矿床是"三江"褶皱系南端的一个微细粒—红土复合型金矿床,矿床达中型规模,并具有成为大型金矿的找矿远景。赋矿层位为上元古界澜沧群片岩和中侏罗统碎屑岩及第四纪残坡积层。文章提供了勐满金矿的矿床地质特征、流体包裹体以及S、H、O和Pb同位素地球化学研究资料,并对矿床成因和成矿作用进行了分析。研究表明:勐满原生金矿床具有与卡林型金矿床类似的地质和地球化学特征;其成矿物源主要是上元古界澜沧群曼来组浅变质岩系和中侏罗统花开左组碎屑岩系;流体包裹体及S、H、O同位素研究一致显示成矿流体主要为大气降水。成矿作用经历了原始含矿岩系(矿源层)的形成阶段及金的活化、迁移和富集阶段。区域构造及岩浆活动是引起金矿活化迁移和富集的主要因素。进一步加强对含矿层位的岩相古地理与岩石学研究、加强控矿构造的分析、确定控矿构造的力学性质及与区域主干断裂之间的配套关系,是今后找矿工作中需要特别注意的问题。     

胜利油区孤岛油田馆上段沉积模式研究

根据结构单元、岩石粒度分析、河流形态参数等特征,对比Miall的 16种河流分类方案,胜利油区孤岛油田馆上段属于细粒曲流河沉积。其中洪泛平原细粒 (FF)、决口扇 (CS)和侧向加积砂坝 (LA)结构单元发育,其次是天然堤(LV)和决口水道 (CR)结构单元。河流曲率P大于 2.2,河道宽度 10 0～ 30 0m,河流曲率波长 10 0 0～ 1770m。河流可能临近河口湾,海平面的波动影响着砂体的发育。     

文化邻近对“一带一路”沿线国家间科研合作强度的影响

跨国科研合作是“一带一路”倡议的重要内容,而相互信任则是科研合作的重要基础。由于“一带一路”沿线各国的经济规模和社会文化环境差异都较大,文化邻近对于增进国家间相互信任,进而推动跨国科研合作就具有重要价值。考虑到以往研究主要以合著科研论文数量来测度国家间的科研合作水平,可能放大了经济规模、人口规模、发文总量等的影响,本研究基于2007—2020年间“一带一路”沿线66国间的合著科研论文数量,以改进的Salton指数表征的科研论文合作强度测度国家间科研合作水平,采用社会网络分析、回归分析和GIS空间分析等方法,探究沿线各国在2007—2013年和2014—2020年两个时间段内科研合作强度的演变过程,并以此为基础,着重考察文化邻近的可能影响。研究表明：① 综合分析论文合作规模和合作强度,能够识别出建立在语言、宗教等文化要素邻近之上的两国间真正的强合作关系,宗教邻近有助于增进互信,语言邻近有助于增进相互理解,方便了科研合作过程中的交流和沟通。② 2007年以来,“一带一路”沿线国家间的科研合作空间格局已由“两核九中心”转变为“一核八中心”,中国成为网络中唯一的核心,与其他国家的加权度中心性差距不断扩大。③ 国家发文量、国家间经济发展差距、政治关系、地理距离、语言邻近和宗教邻近等均对科研合作强度有显著影响,其中文化（语言和宗教）邻近的影响最为显著,但也趋于减弱,语言邻近的影响要强于宗教邻近,并且只有语言相同或属于同一语支能够显著促进国家间的科研合作。中国作为“一带一路”倡议的发起国,与沿线大多数国家并不具有天然的文化邻近,在一定程度上阻碍了科研合作网络的建设。未来,有必要更加重视跨文化交流和沟通,以增进科研合作领域的信任关系,推动科研合作取得实效。