地震信息反馈系统的研制和应用

介绍了地震信息反馈系统的原理和功能,给出了系统的结构框图,对发送终端和接收终端的功能做了具体描述。在应用上也做了具体阐述,该系统能有效、快速地传送地震三要素信息。     

三维AVO解释技术在洪泽地区岩性油藏勘探中的应用

洪泽地区由于沉积的特点，储层横向变化快，油藏受构造、岩性、油源多因素控制。在对该区三维AVO属性体解释中，利用多元回归方法求取了横波曲线，分岩性和含油气性统计了纵、横波、泊松比参数分布规律，建立了本区的含油砂岩的正演模型，从而降低了AVO解释的多解性。通过井-震结合对四种AVO属性数据体进行了标定，并确定了各属性体应用范围，进而进行了储层和含油气检测。实践表明，该方法能有效地利用AVO属性数据体进行储层预测及油气检测，具有一定的推广价值。     

溃变原理在雷暴天气预报中的应用

本文以欧阳首承教授“不损伤信息”的落区和落点结构分析方法，对四川省广汉地区的间断、持续性雷暴天气进行了具体地分析和预测。结果表明，该方法不仅可揭示天气的转折性变化，并使用10分钟一次数据的自记非规则信息，也已经能预测仅有半小时的局地雷暴天气。这不仅对民用、军用飞行有实际意义，也显示了充分利用自动气象站信息资源的必要性，并应改进目前自动气象站的记录读取方式。     

Reinforcing a Dangerous Rock Mass Using the Flexible Network Method

Because the main failure type of a dangerous rock mass is collapse, the treatment of such a mass should focus on controlling collapse failure. When treating dangerous rock masses, disturbing the mass （e. g. by blasting） needs to be avoided, as this new damage could cause collapse. So the self-bearing capacity of the mountain mass must be used to treat the dangerous rock mass. This article is based on a practical example of the control of a dangerous rock mass at Banyan Mountain, Huangshi, Hubei Province. On the basis of an analysis of damage mechanism and the stability of the dangerous rock mass, a flexible network reinforcement method was designed to prevent the collapse of the rock mass. The deformations of section Ⅱ w of the dangerous rock mass before and after the flexible network reinforcement were calculated using the two-dimensional finite element method. The results show that the maximum deformation reduced by 55 % after the application of the flexible network reinforcement, from 45.99 to 20.75 ram, which demonstrates that the flexible network method is effective, and can provide some scientific basis for the treatment of dangerous rock masses.     

重庆地区江北砾岩地球化学分析

通过选取砾岩填隙物、砾石局部胶结填隙物、砂岩层的鲜岩石作为分析样品,结合江北砂、砾岩碳氧同位素、化学成分和磁化率的特征,对重庆地区江北砾岩进行了地球化学分析.研究结果表明,重庆地区江北砾岩胶结时期为冷干气候占据优势,但也经历了较短的暖湿时期.砾岩的主要成分是硅质,胶结物主要为钙质.     

1-羟基-2-(3,5-二溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-8-氨基-3,6-萘二磺酸的合成及其应用研究

采用常见易得无毒的H-酸为主要原料,在H-酸分子骨架上链接分析功能团,制得了1-羟基-2-(3,5-二溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-8-氨基-3,6-萘二磺酸(3,5-diBrPAH),系统研究了3,5-diBrPAH与Cu2+的显色反应及其应用。实验表明,在pH为8． 0条件下,Cu2+与该试剂形成1:1的络合物,并且稳定时间达5 h,其最大吸收波长为λ=620 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为3．27 ×104L·mol-1·cm-1,Cu2+浓度在0-25μg／50 mL范围内符合比耳定律。该法可用于矿石及土壤样中微量铜的测定, 简便迅速,结果较令人满意。     

祁连山北坡垂直带土壤碳氮分布特征

对祁连山北坡垂直带山地草原、森林、高山灌丛土壤有机碳和全氮的分布特征进行了研究,结果表明:土壤有机碳和全氮含量山地草原<青海云杉林<高山灌丛,表现为随海拔升高呈现上升趋势,且海拔3 100 m以上土壤碳、氮含量显著高于3 100 m以下土壤碳、氮含量;土壤有机碳和全氮在土壤剖面中的垂直分布大多表现为0~10 cm含量高于10 cm以下各层次的含量。土壤有机碳和全氮含量与土壤水分含量呈显著正相关(r=0.913,0.874,n=117,p=0.001),和年平均气温呈显著负相关(r=-0.883,-0.869,n=10,p=0.001),表明了气候因子对有机碳和全氮在垂直带上的空间分布起决定作用。整个垂直带土壤碳氮比在7.8~24.7间,有利于有机质矿化过程中养分的释放。作为祁连山北坡垂直带乔木林主体部分,青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林土壤碳密度为18.13kg/m2,与一般常绿针叶林土壤碳密度相当,但远小于针叶林中的云冷杉林土壤碳密度。     

北极新奥尔松地区现代污染源及其指示植物研究

分析了采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)(78°55′N,11°56′E)煤矿开采区水平剖面12个点位上的三种苔原植物Dicranumangustum(苔藓类植物)、Puccinelliaphryganodes(穗状植物)和Salixpolaris(管状植物)及土壤中10种重金属(Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni、Fe、Mn、As、Se)及S、TOC的含量。结果显示采矿过程中煤层的暴露是本地区的Hg、Cd、S污染的主要来源。三种分布最广泛、数量最多的苔原植物中苔藓植物Dicranumangustum对重金属元素具有最大的富集能力,位于矿区的Dicranumangustu体内污染元素含量显著高于非矿区部分,这也说明该水平剖面上的元素污染是由当地煤矿开采导致的。同时发现,Dicranumangustum体内元素积累和土壤中元素浓度之间沿水平剖面的变化趋势较一致,能较好地反映本地区的污染状况,可以作为污染监测和指示植物。从全球区域对比来看,北极新奥尔松苔藓体内污染水平显著低于邻近的北欧等工业区,但却是北极地区Hg、Cd和S污染最严重地区,同时也比南极地区高。     

水文变异的滑动F识别与检验方法

针对传统F检验法只能用于已知变异点的检验,而无法用于变异点的识别问题,本文提出了滑动F识别与检验法。该法首先利用传统F检验法对序列逐点进行检验,找出满足F计算值大于临界值的所有可能变异点,然后选择F计算值达到最大值的那一点作为最可能变异点。利用该法对潮白河水资源分区45年年径流量序列进行了分析,并从物理成因角度对该检验结果进行了确认。结果表明滑动F 识别与检验法具有较好的检验效果,检验结果可信度较高。     

Recent tectonic stress field zoning in Sichuan-Yunnan region and its dynamic interest

In this paper, we have carefully determined the stress zones in the Sichuan-Yunnan region with reference to the in-situ stress data of hydraulic fracturing and the inverted fault slip data by using the step-by-step convergence method for stress zoning based on focal mechanism solutions. The results indicate that the tectonic stress field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region is divided into 3 stress zones by 2 approximately parallel NNW-trending stress transition belts. The area between the 2 belts is the Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone where the maximum principal stress σ1 is just in the NNW direction. The eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone （the eastern stress transition belt） is basically consistent with the eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block. The western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan stress zone （the western stress transition belt） is not totally consistent with the western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block. The northern segment of the western stress transition belt extends basically along the Jinshajiang fault and accords with the western boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, while its southern segment does not extend along the southwestern boundary of the rhombic block, i.e., Honghe fault and converge with the eastern stress transition belt, but stretches continuously in the NNW direction and accords with the Yingpanshan fault. We therefore consider that under the combined influence from the northward motion of India Plate, the southeastward shift of east Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the strong obstruction of South China block, the tectonic stress field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region might not be totally controlled by the previous tectonic frame and new stress transition belt may have possibly formed.