广州白云国际机场近46年来雷暴气候的统计特征

利用广州白云机场1956～2001年46年的逐时观测资料,通过数理统计和小波分析,揭示出白云机场雷暴气候的演变特征。结果表明：白云机场年平均出现雷暴日数为75.4天,初雷一般在3月1日,终雷一般在10月14日,一年12个月都有可能出现雷暴,其中雷暴多集中出现在4～9月份,以8月份出现最多,12月份出现最少;雷暴的历史演变有着较好的9～12年振荡周期,而且近46年来雷暴的发生有逐渐减小的趋势变化,另外雷暴有明显的季节和日变化特征。     

甘肃北山雀儿山蛇绿混杂岩的厘定及其地质意义

蛇绿岩是认识古洋盆演化的关键,为人们研究大洋岩石圈特征、古板块重建、地幔物质组成以及板块俯冲过程等提供了重要依据。本研究新发现的雀儿山蛇绿混杂岩,位于中—蒙边境附近,大地构造位置属于大南湖—雀儿山—圆包山岛弧带,其围岩为绿条山组上段板岩段和白山群上亚群的绿泥千枚岩组,区域上的绿条山组和白山群上亚群可能不是连续沉积的岩石地层单元,而是弧前增生杂岩。雀儿山蛇绿混杂岩的岩性组合包括：片理化蛇纹岩、蛇纹石化辉石橄榄岩、辉长岩、玄武岩、安山质熔岩/角砾岩、英安岩、凝灰质砂岩、硅泥质岩、灰岩及大理岩。结合区域地质资料,雀儿山蛇绿混杂岩的增生就位时代可能为中三叠世。     

武汉东湖的前世今生

东湖作为我国乃至世界第二大城中湖承载着武汉城市发展的历史脉络与精神内涵。本文从地质构造、气候演化、江湖相互作用和人类活动等方面对东湖的成因和演化进行了研究,认为东湖既是一个“构造湖”,又是一个“壅塞湖”,它的形成受多期构造运动叠加影响,印支运动至喜马拉雅运动过程中引起的褶皱变形、盆岭构造、凹陷盆地、大别山隆升等为东湖形成奠定了地质基础。东湖的形成与长江的关系密切,是中更新世以来地壳垂直升降和气候环境变化过程中江、湖相互作用的结果,最终在人类工程活动过程中形成现今的几何形态。不同时期的遥感影像显示出人类工程活动已成为不容忽视的地质营力,对东湖发展演化的影响无论是强度还是速度都远超自然地质营力作用,按照“山水林田湖草生命共同体”的理念开发利用和保护东湖是人类的唯一选择。     

岩石润湿性的核磁共振表征方法与初步实验结果

随着石油勘探开发领域的不断扩大,某些复杂油气藏尤其是致密油气的岩石物理响应,受岩石润湿性变化的影响越来越明显,影响油气藏的评价以及后续勘探开发,识别和评价岩石润湿性成为重要的研究课题.核磁共振弛豫可以有效表征多孔介质孔隙及其流体分布,特别是通过T₁-T₂弛豫图谱能够获得流体分子与孔隙表面相互作用的信息,进而为孔隙表面润湿性质的判断提供了可能性.本文首先讨论了T₁-T₂弛豫谱表征孔隙介质润湿强度的理论基础,然后,采用一阶近似方法对孔隙表面流体分子的核磁共振弛豫分布进行正演模拟,建立T₁/T₂比值法判别孔隙介质润湿性的基本方法.最后,选取玻璃珠和天然砂岩样品进行初步实验,验证方法的合理性.结果表明,当岩石饱和双相流体时,润湿相流体T₁/T₂值高于非润湿相流体,通过观察不同饱和度状态T₁-T₂二维图谱的变化,能够判断岩石的润湿性.本文的理论分析与初步实验结果为岩石润湿性研究提供了新的手段,对核磁共振测井探测储层润湿性也具有一定的应用价值.

     

宜昌市龙潭河阶地的沉积特征及其环境指示

河流阶地可以记录河流所属流域的气候变化信息。笔者以宜昌市龙潭河两岸阶地作为研究对象,选取4个典型河流断面横剖面,利用沉积学、环境地球化学等研究方法,对龙潭河阶地的沉积特征及其环境指示开展了野外调查研究。运用熔片法-X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)对阶地沉积物进行物质成分特征分析;选取化学蚀变指数、风化淋溶系数、硅铝率和硅铝铁率4个指标来具体分析龙潭河地区的环境演化过程;并且运用多元统计方法对分析结果进行解释。研究结果显示：宜昌市龙潭河普遍发育四级阶地,东岸形成侵蚀阶地,西岸基座阶地广泛分布;通过分析阶地沉积物化学组分之间的相关关系,可以看出沉积物的性质和物质组成相似,具有富铝铁化和较强化学淋蚀的特征,符合龙潭河地区的温暖湿润化学风化环境。测试结果和多元统计方法的结论都反映出龙潭河流域内第四纪以来气候湿热程度趋于减弱,丰富了宜昌地区河流阶地研究的基础数据,在一定程度上反映了流域内沉积物形成时期的自然地理条件和古气候特点。     

伊犁地块北缘早古生代构造热事件: 来自托克赛石榴角闪岩及其围岩的约束

伊犁地块是中亚造山带西南缘的重要组成部分, 其南北缘出露前寒武纪变质基底, 其中伊犁地块北缘温泉岩群中识别出奥陶纪岛弧型岩浆岩, 被认为是准噶尔洋向南俯冲于伊犁地块之下的物质记录, 但相应的变质作用记录很少有报道。近期, 从温泉县托克赛地区温泉岩群中识别出的石榴角闪岩具有顺时针P-T-t轨迹, 可能记录了伊犁地块北缘早古生代俯冲、碰撞事件, 但其形成时代和构造属性尚不清楚。本研究在详细野外地质调查和岩相学研究的基础上, 对托克赛石榴角闪岩及其围岩开展详细的岩石地球化学和年代学研究。结果表明, 托克赛石榴角闪岩呈透镜状分布于温泉岩群中, 原岩为拉斑玄武岩, 岩石TiO₂(3.10%~3.89%)含量较高, K₂O+Na₂O(0.76%~2.01%)含量低, 富集大离子亲石元素, 亏损高场强元素, 具有陆内裂谷拉斑玄武岩的特征(Th/Ta=1.70~2.76、Ta/Hf=0.23~0.37), 来源于具有OIB特征的幔源岩浆。岩石较低的MgO(4.82%~6.40%)、Cr(70.8×10^-6~224×10^-6)、Ni(9.68×10^-6~65.7×10^-6)含量及Mg^#值(34.0~41.3)、Nb/U值(14.3~36.3)、Nb/Ta值(9.70~16.2)和La/Sm值(2.01~3.28), 表明岩浆经历了较强的分离结晶作用和少量的地壳混染。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示石榴角闪岩原岩形成于新元古代中晚期, 峰期变质时代为晚奥陶世末期(450~440Ma), 围岩中的锆石和独居石均记录了同时期的构造热事件。综合研究认为, 石榴角闪岩原岩形成于板内裂谷环境, 是伊犁地块响应罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解事件的物质记录, 暗示伊犁地块是原塔里木地块的一部分; 石榴角闪岩及其围岩中识别出的奥陶纪末期高角闪岩相变质作用事件, 记录了阿克套-温泉微陆块向南与伊犁地块或哈萨克斯坦微陆块的拼贴-碰撞过程。

     

非线性地球化学矿化元素组合求异方法在西藏洞噶普矿区的应用

复杂的地质作用和控制因素常常使得地球化学元素的分布特征呈非线性,传统的线性模型在处理元素非线性分布具有一定的局限性和不适应性。文中以研究地球化学矿化元素组合为主线,应用aiNet网络模型(带权的不完全连接网络)对地球化学数据做预处理,应用FastICA算法(快速定点独立分量分析)求取矿化元素组合,应用分形含量面积法圈定元素异常下限,应用分形含量梯度法确定元素异常浓集分带,形成了一套地球化学矿化元素组合求异的非线性方法体系,并在西藏洞噶普矿区1∶1万土壤地球化学测量资料的应用中取得了良好的效果。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000879

Multiple sets of thick coal beds characterized by simple structure and shallow burial depth were developed in the Early and Middle Jurassic strata of the Ordos Basin,northwestern China.The huge reserves of this high quality coal have a high commercial value.We studied the coal’s petrologic characteristics and its maceral distribution to determine the maceral’s contribution to generation of oil and gas.The results show that the Jurassic coals in the Ordos Basin have special penological features because of the Basin’s unique depositional environment which was mainly a series of high-stand swamps in the upper fluvial system.These petrographic features are a result of the development of typical inland lakes where some sand bodies were formed by migrating rivers.After burial,the peat continued to undergo oxidizing conditions,this process generated extensive higher inertinile contents in the coals and the vitrinite components were altered to semi-vitrinite.The macroscopic petrographic types of these Jurassic coals are mainly semi-dull coal,dull coal,semilustrous and lustrous coal.The proportions of semi-dull coal and dull coal are higher in the basin margins,especially in the area near the northern margin.The numbers of semilustrous and lustrous coals increase southwards and towards the central basin.This situation indicates that different coal-forming swamp environments have major controlling effects on the coal components.Another observation is that in the Ordos" coal sequences,especially in the lower part,some sandstone beds are thick,up to 20 m with a coarse grain size.The higher fusinite content in the macerals accompanies a higher semi-vitrinite content with more complete and regular plant cell structure.The fusinite structure is clear and well preserved.After burial,the lithology of the roof and floor rocks can continue to affect the evolution of coal petrology.The sand bodies in the roof and floor exhibit good physical conditions so that pore water can maintain a long-term state of oxidation,circulation and connection to the coal.So coal components remain in an oxidation environment for a long time.Conversely,in the basin center,lacustrine facies developed and peat was rapidly covered by mudstone after burial and subsequent coal beds rapidly entered a reducing environment.As a result,abundant gelatification occurred and the vitrinite content increased.Exinite often accumulated in a specific position in the coal bed.Although the average exinite content is not high on the whole,it does significantly contribute to the total hydrocarbon generation. The exinite content has been underestimated,especially the amorphous bituminous fluid and its importance is emphasized here.The reason is that the fluid flows easily into fusinite which has strong rigidity,or flows into some fissures,where it is commonly neglected.     

东南亚国家海洋保护区发展探析

为促进区域海洋生态环境和海洋生物多样性保护,文章分析东南亚9个沿海国家海洋保护区的发展状况,提出其发展特点和困境,并针对我国开展相关合作提出建议。研究结果表明：越南、马来西亚、柬埔寨、菲律宾、缅甸、文莱、印度尼西亚、新加坡和泰国海洋保护区的法律框架、管理方式和发展现状各有不同;新冠肺炎疫情和国家政治局势在不同程度上影响东南亚海洋保护区的发展;我国可在已有框架基础上,加强与东南亚国家开展海洋生物多样性保护合作。     

A simple derivation of level spacing of quasinormal frequencies for a black hole with a deficit solid angle and quintessence-like matter

In this paper, we investigate analytically the level space of the imaginary part of quasinormal frequencies for a black hole with a deficit solid angle and quintessence-like matter by the Padmanabhan’s method (Padmanabhan in Class. Quantum Gravity 21:L1, 2004). Padmanabhan presented a method to study analytically the imaginary part of quasinormal frequencies for a class of spherically symmetric spacetimes including Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes which has an evenly spaced structure. The results show that the level space of scalar and gravitational quasinormal frequencies for this kind of black holes only depend on the surface gravity of black-hole horizon in the range of $-1<w<-\frac{1}{3}$ , respectively. We also extend the range of w to w≤?1, the results of which are similar to that in $-1<w<-\frac{1}{3}$ case. Particularly, a black hole with a deficit solid angle in accelerating universe will be a Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole, fixing w=?1 and ε ²=0. And a black hole with a deficit solid angle in the accelerating universe will be a Schwarzschild black hole,when ρ ₀=0 and ε ²=0. In this paper, w is the parameter of state equation, ε ² is a parameter relating to a deficit solid angle and ρ ₀ is the density of static spherically symmetrical quintessence-like matter at r=1.