高频地波雷达风场数据可用性分析

为了分析高频地波雷达能否应用于海面风场探测,以广东阳江高频地波雷达探测范围内的南鹏岛自动气象站探测的风向风速为参考,将高频地波雷达探测的风场数据与之相比较,通过分析不同季节、风速6~10 m/s及6 m/s以下等各种情况下地波雷达探测风场数据的获取率、标准差及可用性。结果表明,相对而言,地波雷达探测风向数据获取率高、标准差较小,可用性高,而风速获取率在6~10 m/s情况下较好,可用性较高,在低海况（6 m/s以下）时可用性低。     

大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)补体调节因子CFH 和 CFHR2 基因的分子特征及表达分析

补体是鱼类免疫系统重要的组分, 具有识别和消除外来病原体, 激活免疫细胞, 调控获得 性免疫等功能。在免疫组织中, 补体调节因子大约占据了补体成分的二分之一, 当受到外界病原刺激 时会迅速活化补体成分, 并且进一步聚合形成酶复合物发挥一系列免疫效应。CFH 和CFHR2 是补体 替代途径重要的调节因子, 对于补体系统正常运转必不可少。为此, 本文测定了大黄鱼补体调节因子 CFH 和CFHR2 基因的cDNA 全序列, 并对基因组织特异性表达和溶藻弧菌刺激后基因mRNA 表达 量的变化等方面进行了研究。CFH 和CFHR2 序列全长分别为1332 bp 和1170 bp, 分别编码443 和 389 个氨基酸, N 端信号肽序列分别为24 和32 个氨基酸。推导的氨基酸序列结构分析表明大黄鱼 CFH 和CFHR2 基因具有RCA 蛋白家族的典型特征, 即含有多个保守的CCP 结构(补体控制蛋白). 实时荧光定量PCR 结果显示, CFH 和CFHR2 在健康大黄鱼的肝、脾、肾、肠、脑、胃、心和肌肉 这8 种组织中都有表达, 其中肝脏的表达量显著高于其它几种组织。溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus) 侵染了健康的大黄鱼之后, CFH 和CFHR2 的mRNA 表达量均明显上调, 并且随着感染时间的变化呈 现不同的上升趋势。结果表明补体调节因子mRNA 表达量的变化与溶藻弧菌的侵染密切相关, 表明 了CFH 和CFHR2 可能在大黄鱼自身免疫机制中发挥重要的作用。     

呼伦贝尔市2008年气候对农牧业的影响

气候资源是自然资源中影响农业生产的最重要的组成部分之一,它提供的光、热、水、空气等能量和物质,对农业生产类型、种植制度、布局结构、生产潜力、发展远景,以及农、牧产品的质量、分布和产量都起着决定性作用。露天作业为主的农业仍然要“靠天吃饭”．这个“天”既是阳光,也是雨露。农业生产受降水和温度的影响是显而易见的．对规划作物布局、安排农事活动等都有重要的指导意义。     

老挝华潘省香科菱镁矿地质特征与成因分析

经野外调研和室内研究,对老挝华潘省香科菱镁矿的矿区地质、矿体、围岩与夹石、矿石特征和矿床成因取得了一些新的认识。该矿区出露地层为下古生界（Pz₁）、中-上石炭统（C_2-3）和第四系河流二级阶地沉积（Qp_Ⅱ^al）,主要构造为1条北西向逆断层和4条北东向平移断层。矿体产于逆断层南西侧的强烈构造变形带中,呈脉状产出,厚度为数mm至10余cm,共圈出10个矿体。矿体的围岩与夹石的岩石类型相同,为浅变质陆源碎屑岩,具高硅（w（SiO₂）为81.190%）、低镁（w（MgO）为0.781%）、富铁（w（Fe₂O₃）为11.716%、w（FeO）为1.719%）特征。矿石矿物为菱镁矿,脉石矿物主要为石英、金云母、白云石、绢云母和褐铁矿。香科菱镁矿的形成过程是：在中-晚三叠世的古特提斯洋封闭过程中,镁质从超镁铁岩中析出形成含矿热液,含矿热液迁移与富集后在强烈构造变形带中形成网脉状菱镁矿。香科菱镁矿的成因类型属产于浅变质碎屑岩中之老挝香科式晶质菱镁矿热液型矿床,成矿时代属中-晚三叠世。     

2017年精河6.6级、库车5.7级地震前“库米什地震窗”异常特征分析

2017年8月9日新疆精河6.6级、9月16日库车5.7级地震前“库米什地震窗”均出现异常。为了对该异常指标作出评价,对新疆库米什地震台2008年1月～2017年9月微震观测记录进行普查,分析在S-P≤10s范围内M_L≥1.0小震的月频次,定义小震月频次≥54次为“库米什地震窗”的异常标准,统计“库米什地震窗”异常与附近中强地震间的对应关系,并对其进行预测效能评价。结果显示：①“库米什地震窗”分别在精河6.6级、库车5.7级地震前3.3个月、0.5个月出现异常;②“库米什地震窗”2008年以来出现7组异常,分别对应了天山中部地区6次5.5级以上地震,优势发震时间为6个月;③“库米什地震窗”的异常形态表现为高值—低值—发震或高值—发震,异常的对应率为6/7,R值评分为0.45,预测效能评价较好。     

Accretionary processes and metallogenesis of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Advances and perspectives

As one of the largest Phanerozoic orogens in the world,the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is a natural laboratory for studies of continental dynamics and metallogenesis.This paper summarizes the research progresses of the accretionary processes and metallogenesis of the CAOB since the Peopled Republic of China was founded,and puts forward the prospect for future research.During the early period (1950s-1970s),several geological theories were applied to explain the geological evolution of Central Asia.In the early period of China's reform and opening-up,the plate tectonics theory was applied to explain the evolution of the northern Xinjiang and Xingmeng regions,and the opinion of subduction-collision between Siberian Kazakhstan and China-North Korea-Tarim plates was proposed.The idea of the Solonker-Yanbian suture zone was established.In the 1990s,the study of the CAOB entered a period of rapid development.One school of scholars including geologists from the former Soviet Union proposed a multi-block collision model for the assemblage of the CAOB.In contrast,another school of scholars,led by a Turkish geologist,Celal Sengor,proposed that the Altaids was formed through the growth and strike-slip duplicates of a single island arc,and pointed out that the Altaids is a special type of collisional orogen.During this period,Chinese geologists carried out a lot of pioneering researches on ophiolites and high-pressure metamorphic rocks in northern China,and confirmed the main suture zones accordingly.In 1999,the concept of"Central Asian metallogenic domain"was proposed,and it became one of the three major metallogenic domains in the world.Since the 21st century,given the importance for understanding continental accretion and metallogenic mechanism,the CAOB has become the international academic forefront.China has laid out a series of scientific research projects in Central Asia.A large number of important scientific research achievements have been spawned,including the tectonic attribution of micro-continents,timing and tectonic settings of ophiolites,magmatic arcs,identification and anatomy of accretionary wedges,regional metamorphism-deformation,(ultra)high-pressure metamorphism,ridge subduction plume-plate interaction archipelagic paleogeography and spatio-temporal framework of multiple accretionary orogeny,continental growth accretionary metallogenesis,structural superposition and transformation etc.These achievements have made important international influences.There still exist the following aspects that need further study:(1) Early evolution history and subduction initiation of the Paleo-Asian Ocean;(2) The accretionary mechanism of the extroversion Paleo-Asian Ocean;(3) The properties of the mantle of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and their spatiotemporal distribution;(4) The interaction between the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Tethys Ocean;(5) Phanerozoic continental growth mechanism and its global comparison;(6) Accretionary metallogenic mechanism of the Central Asian metallogenic domain;and (7) Continental transformation mechanism.     

岩石润湿性的核磁共振表征方法与初步实验结果

随着石油勘探开发领域的不断扩大,某些复杂油气藏尤其是致密油气的岩石物理响应,受岩石润湿性变化的影响越来越明显,影响油气藏的评价以及后续勘探开发,识别和评价岩石润湿性成为重要的研究课题.核磁共振弛豫可以有效表征多孔介质孔隙及其流体分布,特别是通过T₁-T₂弛豫图谱能够获得流体分子与孔隙表面相互作用的信息,进而为孔隙表面润湿性质的判断提供了可能性.本文首先讨论了T₁-T₂弛豫谱表征孔隙介质润湿强度的理论基础,然后,采用一阶近似方法对孔隙表面流体分子的核磁共振弛豫分布进行正演模拟,建立T₁/T₂比值法判别孔隙介质润湿性的基本方法.最后,选取玻璃珠和天然砂岩样品进行初步实验,验证方法的合理性.结果表明,当岩石饱和双相流体时,润湿相流体T₁/T₂值高于非润湿相流体,通过观察不同饱和度状态T₁-T₂二维图谱的变化,能够判断岩石的润湿性.本文的理论分析与初步实验结果为岩石润湿性研究提供了新的手段,对核磁共振测井探测储层润湿性也具有一定的应用价值.     

地裂缝环境下SRTP埋地管道性状

以陕西西安市政工程中SRTP埋地管道30°斜交穿越地裂缝带为工程背景,基于足尺模型试验和数值模拟计算,研究了地裂缝沉降作用下埋地管道的变形与受力特点。结果表明:地裂缝沉降作用下,SRTP埋地管道沉降位移明显小于或滞后于地层变形,其沉降变形特征具有明显的"衰减效应";地裂缝作用下,SRTP埋地管道受力变形模式为拉张-挤压弯曲变形模式,位于地裂缝上盘的管道顶部受压应力、底部受拉应力,而位于下盘的管道顶部受拉应力、底部受压应力,具有反对称现象,SRTP埋地管道适应地裂缝大变形的能力较强;地裂缝沉降作用对SRTP埋地管道的纵向影响长度为3.0m,即上盘1.8m和下盘1.2m,在此范围内管道需要采取适当保护措施;地裂缝沉降作用下,管道沿纵向可划分为3段,即上盘沉降段、脱空段和下盘翘曲段,其中,脱空段范围约为1.2m。     

Failure Characteristics of Surface Vertical Wells for Methane Extraction During Mining: A Case Study

The failures of surface vertical wells (SVWs) for methane extraction during mining are known to be the main causes of the shortening of the highly efficient drainage periods of the SVWs. Therefore, in order to improve the stability of the SVWs, it is of great significance to accurately investigate the failure characteristics when SVWs are severely destroyed and can no longer extract methane. In this research, a physical simulation experiment was carried out for the purpose of investigating the most possible failure periods, as well as the highest possible failure locations and failure modes of SVWs. This study’s results showed that the displacements of the SVW were constantly changing under the influences of mining stress. After the mine working faces had past the SVWs by more than 157 m, the total displacements reached the maximum, and the SVWs were in the most possible failure periods. During those periods, failure positions of the SVWs are prone to occur at the interfaces between the hard and soft strata; within the thick rock layers; and within the thick-thin-thick strata combination. Among these, the SVWs may suffer from shear slippage at the interface of the hard-soft combined rock layers with relatively large thickness differences; the SVWs may suffer from horizontal shear at the interfaces of the hard-soft combined rock layers with small thickness differences; the SVWs within the thick rock layers may become destroyed by shear slippage actions; and the SVWs in the thick-thin-thick combined rock layers may become distorted by shearing at the interface between the rock layers or blocking within the intermediate thin rock. The results of this research study were verified through the field tests which were conducted in China’s Sihe Coal Mine.

     

长江口水沙变化与趋势预测

随着长江流域水土保持、上游水库拦蓄调节、沿江用水增加及气候变化,进入长江口的水沙通量发生改变,入海泥沙量锐减。此外,长江口相继实施了深水航道治理、青草沙水源地、浅滩圈围等大型工程。因此,需要针对长江口水沙变化开展相关研究。对长江口陆相和海相水沙变化规律及趋势、河床容积与泥沙收支变化以及整治工程下分汊河口演变预测等进行了概述,预测了今后10～50年大通站流量、含沙量、输沙量变化以及南北槽的演变趋势,为进一步研究变化条件下的长江口重大工程安全提供基础条件。