The progress in the study of Arctic pack ice ecology

The sea ice community plays an important role in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Because of the predicted environmental changes in the Arctic environment and specifically related to sea ice, the Arctic pack ice biota has received more attention in recent years using modem ice-breaking research vessels. Studies show that the Arctic pack ice contains a diverse biota and besides ice algae, the bacterial and protozoan biomasses can be high. Surprisingly high primary production values were observed in the pack ice of the central Arctic Ocean. Occasionally biomass maximum were discovered in the interior of the ice floes, a habitat that had been ignored in most Arctic studies. Many scientific questions, which deserve special attention, remained unsolved due to logistic limitations and the sea ice characteristics. Little is know about the pack ice community in the central Arctic Ocean. Almost no data exists from the pack ice zone for the winter season. Concerning the abundance of bacteria and protozoa, more studies are needed to understand the microbial network within the ice and its role in material and energy flows. The response of the sea ice biota to global change will impact the entire Arctic marine ecosystem and a long-term monitoring program is needed. The techniques, that are applied to study the sea ice biota and the sea ice ecology, should be improved.     

Oxygen isotopic composition and its application to the study of tracing oceanographical process in Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea

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北极楚科奇海近代沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征初探

于 1 999年夏季我国首次北极科学考察期间在楚科奇海采集了三个沉积物岩芯 ,并采用中子活化法 (INAA)测定了沉积物样品中稀土元素的含量。结果表明 ,其含量与东海大陆架细粒沉积物的稀土元素含量十分接近。稀土元素的含量沿沉积物岩心的垂直分布呈现出随深度轻微增大的趋势。页岩标准化的稀土元素配分模式相对平缓 ,Ce有轻度负异常 ,表明沉积物稀土元素除了陆源物质以外 ,也存在生物沉积作用的来源。稀土元素与指示陆源的元素Al具有良好的正相关关系 ,相对于地壳丰度所计算的富集因子接近于 1 ,进一步说明楚科奇海沉积物中的稀土元素以陆源物质输入为主 ,通过江河携带入海 ,最后随碎屑物质、悬浮物而沉积下来 ,并保持一种稳定的沉积状态。     

Identification of Prorocentrum minimum and Takayama pulchella by fluorescence in situ hybridization through epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry

Partial rDNA sequences of Prorocentrum minimum and Takayama pulchella were amplified, cloned and sequenced, and these sequence data were deposited in the GenBank. Eight oligonucleotide probes (DNA probes) were designed based on the sequence analysis. The probes were employed to detect and identify P. minimum and T. pulchella in unialgal and mixed algal samples with a fluorescence in situ hybridization method using flow cytometry. Epifluorescence micrographs showed that these specific probes labeled with flu...     

Immune response of Pseudosciaena crocea to the injection of Vibrio alginolyticus

For the investigation of anti-infection immune response of Pseudosciaena crocea, 160 healthy fish samples were categorized into infected and control groups. Each individual fish in the infected group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.2 ml bacterial suspension of Vibrio alginolyticus in density of 2×107 CFU/ml, while each individual in the control group was injected i.p. with 0.2 ml sterile saline solution (0.85%). It was observed that the artificial injection of V. alginolyticus significantly inc...     

动态网络最短路径射线追踪

最短路径射线追踪算法,用预先设置的网络节点的连线表示地震波传播路径,当网络节点稀疏时,获得的射线路径呈之字形,计算的走时比实际走时系统偏大. 本文在波前扩展和反向确定射线路径的过程中,在每个矩形单元内,通过对某边界上的已知走时节点的走时进行线性插值,并利用Fermat原理即时求出从该边界到达其他边界节点的最小走时及其子震源位置和射线路径,发展了相应的动态网络算法. 从而克服了最短路径射线追踪算法的缺陷,大大提高了最小走时和射线路径的计算精度.     

哈维氏弧菌生物被膜体外模型的建立及成膜特性研究

采用改良微孔板法建立哈维氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi TS-628菌株生物被膜体外模型,并进一步研究环境因子对哈维氏弧菌体外形成生物被膜的影响。结果发现,哈维氏弧菌TS-628菌株可以在聚苯乙烯板中形成生物被膜,并且该菌生物被膜的形成受起始菌液浓度、温度、pH等理化因子的显著影响。温度为30℃、NaCl质量分数为3%—6%、pH为7、孵育时间为36h是哈维氏弧菌形成生物被膜的最佳条件。此外哈维氏弧菌在分别经表皮黏液、鳃黏液、肠道黏液、肝脏提取液、脾脏提取液、肌肉提取液包被的基质上成膜效果显著,其中在经肝脏提取液包被的基质上形成的生物被膜量显著高于在其他生物基质上形成的生物被膜量(p<0.01)。     

中国区域碳循环研究进展与展望

中国陆地和海洋生态系统的区域碳循环在全球碳循环过程中占有重要地位。目前,中国陆地生态系统在全球碳循环中的地位和作用已有比较深入的研究,而中国边缘海系统碳循环研究相对薄弱。简要回顾中国碳循环（以现代过程的描述为主）的研究动态,重点阐述中国边缘海碳循环研究概况及CO2的海-气交换、有机碳循环、颗粒有机碳的输出、河流的输运等海洋碳循环过程的关键科学问题。在汇总补充及数据更新的基础上勾画了中国区域碳循环框架。我们认为,中国的区域碳循环过程尚有诸多未知量和不确定性,缺乏把陆、海、气作为一个系统的综合研究,海洋生态系统碳循环研究尤其需要加强。中国边缘海的碳循环研究应当围绕CO2的汇源过程这一碳循环的中心问题,深入开展边缘海碳的生物地球化学及其与大气CO2的耦合作用等方面的研究。     

水生细菌数量与菌体大小测定技术的进展

水生细菌的数量与菌体大小是海洋微生物研究的关键参数，随着技术的进步，测定这些参数的方法有了很大的发展．本文介绍了其测定技术的发展历程，并对已有的测定方法进行了介绍、归纳和评述，认为流式细胞仪测定法是测定细菌数量与菌体大小较为合适的方法。     

Artificial induction of mito-gynogenetic diploids in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) by hydrostatic pressure

The present study investigated conditions for inducing mito-gynogenetic(endomitosis) diploids by hydrostatic pressure in the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea.In haploid control groups,the development of eggs was activated with ultraviolet radiated semen.All fry presented typical haploid syndrome in the haploid control groups,and were verified as haploids using cytometry.After hydrostatic pressure treatment,morphologically normal fry reappeared at different frequencies according to the intensity and...