澜沧、耿马地震序列图象与发震构造讨论

本文分析了1988年11月6日云南澜沧、耿马地震序列的震中分布及迁移图象,发现其地震序列中主震及余震明显地沿北北西向分布。7.2级地震所形成的形变带沿北北西向旱母坝断层分布,表明该断层即为此次地震的发震构造。7.6级地震时,沿北西向木嘎断裂和北北西向澜沧—勐海断裂均形成明显的地震形变带,表明其发震构造较复杂。主震后的强余震活动与北东向断裂有密切关系。本文认为澜沧、耿马地震序列具有复杂的发震构造和破裂图象。     

Seismic isolation analysis of FPS bearings in spatial lattice shell structures

<正>A theoretical model of a friction pendulum system(FPS) is introduced to examine its application for the seismic isolation of spatial lattice shell structures.An equation of motion of the lattice shell with FPS bearings is developed.Then, seismic isolation studies are performed for both double-layer and single-layer lattice shell structures under different seismic input and design parameters of the FPS.The influence of frictional coefficients and radius of the FPS on seismic performance are discussed.Based on the study,some suggestions for seismic isolation design of lattice shells with FPS bearings are given and conclusions are made which could be helpful in the application of FPS.     

Laboratory investigation of hydraulic fracture propagation using real-time ultrasonic measurement in shale formations with random natural fractures

The significance of natural fractures in unconventional shale hydrocarbon formations has opened new research frontiers in hydraulic fracturing. Among many of its unique contributions to gas production, the interaction between natural fractures and hydraulic fractures has long been experimentally and computationally investigated. Here, we experimentally investigated the evolution of the fracturing network with a self-developed ultrasonic testing system. Laboratory experiments are proposed to study the propagation of hydraulic fracture in naturally fractured model blocks that contain random micro-fractures. Our analysis suggests that the total fracture width obtained by ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) can reflect the dynamic evolution of the fracturing network. The nonlinear fracturing network evolution process is closely related to the variation of the total fracture width. It is suggested from the total fracture width that the maximum fracture network can be realized with greater natural fracture density, large injection rate, and smaller stress ratio. The study presents a better insight into the response of random naturally fractured shale formation under hydraulic fracturing treatment by analyzing the variation of UPV in real time.     

我国南方山地和丘陵的荒漠化问题

沙漠化问题及其带来的巨大危害与后果已经引起人们的关注。然而, 我国南方许多山地与丘陵区正在广泛、迅速发展的山地荒漠化和谷地沙石化过程, 同样不能忽视。它使这些地区的自然环境变劣、生态平衡严重失调, 土地退化和生产能力衰退或枯谒, 最终导致整个自然环境向恶性循环发展的严重恶果。我国南方山地荒漠化和谷地沙石化的土地面积估计约1.0-1.3亿公顷。主要分布在云南、四川、贵州、江西等十多个省(区), 其中云南的小江流域, 四川的金沙江河谷及岷江上游; 广西的南流江一带, 江西的兴国县和鄱阳湖区等尤为严重和典型。我国南方山地荒漠化的主要原因是人类不合理的经济活动所引起, 而不利的气候和特殊的地质、地貌条件促使其不断加剧和扩展之势。     

Local normal height connection across sea with ship-borne gravimetry and GNSS techniques

Heights as the basic geographical information are very important to study marine geophysics, geodesy and oceanography. Based on the astronomical leveling principle, we put forward a new method to unify the normal height (NH) datum along one ship route across sea with the ship-borne gravimetry and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) techniques. Ship-borne gravimeter can precisely measure gravity anomalies and the GNSS technique is used to measure precise sea surface heights (SSHs) along the ship track across sea. Precisions of ship-borne gravities and SSHs are improved with the colinear adjustment. To remove the effects of sea wave and wind, the Gaussian filter is used to filter residuals both between the ship-borne and modeled gravities from EGM2008 to degree 2160, and the measured and modeled SSHs from DTM10MSS, respectively. Deflections of the vertical (DOVs) along the ship route are estimated from the measured gravities with the least squares collocation method. The astro-geodetic survey is made on continent and island to improve the accuracy of DOVs along the route. We use the new method to connect NHs on the coastal sea of Shandong Peninsula, China. The results indicate that the method is very efficient to precisely connect the NH along the ship route across sea.     

古潜山火成岩裂缝带划分与孔隙度计算

针对火成岩岩性成分复杂，常规测井难以正确划分岩性，严重阻碍了储层参数的定量计算。本文提出模糊聚类划分岩性，采用综合概率法与混合体积模型计算裂缝孔隙度、有效孔隙度等参数。其测井解释结果与井壁取心和地质描述资料对照，完全吻合。     

A Comprehensive Dynamic Threshold Algorithm for Daytime Sea Fog Retrieval over the Chinese Adjacent Seas

Sea fog influences human activities over oceans. It is somewhat difficult to separate sea fog from marine boundary stratus (low stratus and stratocumulus) by satellites due to their microphysical similarities and shared spectral features. For the purpose of improving sea fog detection over the Chinese adjacent seas where fog is common during the spring–summer seasons, the vertical structures of fog and stratus were analyzed using ground-based soundings, resulting in the observation of very explicit discrepancies between them, in terms of TAT ? SST (TAT, the temperature at tops of fog or stratus; SST, the sea surface temperature). Based on these discrepancies and on previous related studies, we suggest a comprehensive dynamic threshold algorithm. The method combines real-time brightness temperature from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer channel 31 (~11 μm) with climatological monthly mean SSTs to produce a threshold that is monthly-dependent. The retrieved results are generally consistent with the observations from meteorological stations near the coast, on islands and from ships, and the scores of validation by conventional methods are promising. The distribution patterns of the retrieved sea fog frequency in May and June from 2006 to 2010 are both compatible with that from ship-based observations and exhibit more details that are consistent with our understanding of sea fog characteristics. This study is helpful for marine weather service and the improvement of models for sea fog forecasting.     

星座美洲海鞘次级代谢产物的研究

从采自青岛近海的星座美洲海鞘(Amaroucium constellatum)70%乙醇提取物中分离得到9个次级代谢产物.经波谱(MS、NMR)分析和文献比对,确定了它们的化学结构分别为尿嘧啶(1)、胆甾醇(2)、十九碳甘油醚(3)、胸腺嘧啶(4)、反-4-对羟基苯基-3-丁烯-2-酮(5)、反-4-苯基-3-丁烯-2-酮(6)、对胺基苯乙酸(7)、胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(8)和N-甲基尿嘧啶核苷(9).其中,化合物2～3,5～7,9均为首次从该海鞘中分离得到.     

2005年1月18日乳山ML4.3地震序列

对2005年1月18日乳山ML4.3地震序列特征及烈度分布进行了介绍, 认为乳山ML4.3地震序列是一次能量衰减较快、频度起伏衰减的主-余型地震序列, 序列本身不具有明显的前兆意义.