大数据环境下数字填图数据集成服务技术

应用数字填图技术形成了大量地质填图图幅数据,这些数据空间结构化和非结构化特征并存,如何在网络环境下提供高效的数据服务是急需解决的一个难题。大数据技术的发展为数字填图、数据集成服务提供了一种新的途径。通过对数字填图数据特征的分析,在研究地质调查信息网格大数据处理框架的基础上,提出了结构化和非结构化数据相结合的有序化组织管理、发布与服务方法,并对关键技术进行了研究与试验,取得了良好的效果。     

柴达木河都兰区植被覆盖率变化特征

柴达木河都兰区位于青海柴达木盆地东南部,干旱少雨,生态环境脆弱。基于MODIS NDVI数据,应用遥感方法,对都兰区2000—2011年的植被覆盖率进行了计算,并分析了其影响因素。结果表明：研究区内裸土和低覆盖率植被的面积逐年减小,而较低覆盖率、中等覆盖率、较高覆盖率及高覆盖率植被的面积均逐年增加;研究区植被覆盖率与降水及相对湿度呈正相关关系,区域植被生长与地下水埋深的关系较为密切;宗加-诺木洪植被区的地下水埋深范围为0.7～3.5 m,在水埋深为1.7 m的地方,植被长势最好;当研究区的地下水水质矿化度小于3 g·L^-1时,植被发育较好。     

面向问题的空间应用表达与实现

讨论空间应用的一种面向问题的表达方法与实现机制。为解决空间应用的描述问题,在建立时空一体化空间数据模型基础上,定义了对SQL进行扩展的时空复合查询语言,实现了对空间应用问题的非过程化描述;研究复杂空间应用的表达问题,讨论时空复合查询语言的限制,并在语言中引入流机制,通过空间应用问题的组合实现更为复杂的空间应用,并支持空间数据分布式计算;最后给出若干空间应用实例及其面向问题的表达。     

Effects of land use and cultivation time on soil organic and inorganic carbon storage in deep soils

The vertical distribution and exchange mechanisms of soil organic and inorganic carbon(SOC, SIC) play an important role in assessing carbon(C) cycling and budgets. However, the impact of land use through time for deep soil C(below 100 cm) is not well known. To investigate deep C storage under different land uses and evaluate how it changes with time, we collected soil samples to a depth of 500 cm in a soil profile in the Gutun watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP); and determined SOC, SIC, and bulk density. The magnitude of SOC stocks in the 0–500 cm depth range fell into the following ranking: shrubland(17.2 kg m~(-2)) grassland(16.3 kg m~(-2)) forestland(15.2 kg m~(-2)) cropland(14.1 kg m~(-2)) gully land(6.4 kg m~(-2)). The ranking for SIC stocks were: grassland(104.1 kg m~(-2)) forestland(96.2 kg m~(-2)) shrubland(90.6 kg m~(-2)) cropland(82.4 kg m~(-2)) gully land(50.3 kg m~(-2)). Respective SOC and SIC stocks were at least 1.6-and 2.1-fold higher within the 100–500 cm depth range, as compared to the 0–100 cm depth range. Overall SOC and SIC stocks decreased significantly from the 5 th to the 15 th year of cultivation in croplands, and generally increased up to the 70 th year. Both SOC and SIC stocks showed a turning point at 15 years cultivation, which should be considered when evaluating soil C sequestration. Estimates of C stocks greatly depends on soil sampling depth, and understanding the influences of land use and time will improve soil productivity and conservation in regions with deep soils.     

1983—2017年宁夏盐池县生态治理政策的类型与变化——基于政策工具视角

政策工具是政府实施政策的手段。结合盐池县1983-2017年出台的生态治理政策,运用内容分析法,从政策工具视角,对盐池县生态治理政策的类型与变化进行了分析,并深入探讨其原因。结果表明:强制型和混合型政策工具占主导地位,其中,规制、直接提供、信息与劝诫、补贴与奖励4种工具使用频率最高,自愿型工具的使用还很缺乏。政策工具的运用受到中央政策的显著影响。以后应当开发更多可利用的政策工具,并对不同政策工具进行优化组合。通过本研究可深入了解生态脆弱区地方政府生态政策的政策工具使用情况,为生态脆弱区生态保护的政策工具选择与优化组合提供参考。     

基于居民认知视角的小城镇群网化影响因素分析——以常州市为例

伴随着市场经济的发展,小城镇群网化对区域间要素流动和城乡一体化发展的重要性逐渐显现。利用2011年7月对常州市小城镇镇区常住居民的随机抽样调查数据,对调查样本和居民认知情况进行了统计分析;运用累积Logistic模型,分析了居民认知视角下小城镇群网化发展的影响因素。结果显示:居民出行交通方式、居民月消费水平、保障房制度、产业发展和集贸市场的健全程度5个因素对小城镇群网化发展影响显著,并反映出市民对小城镇群网化发展具有强烈的主观诉求,但促进小城镇群网化发展的政策供给存在不足。最后提出了促进常州市小城镇群网化发展的具体建议。     

A micro–macro investigation of the capillary strengthening effect in wet granular materials

Wet granular materials are three-dimensionally simulated by the discrete element method with water bridges incorporated between particles. The water bridges are simplified as toroidal shapes, and the matric suction is constantly maintained in the material. A comparison with experimental tests in the literature indicates that the toroidal shape approximation may be one of the best choices with high practicability and decent accuracy. Mechanical behaviours of wet granular materials are studied by triaxial tests. Effects of particle size distributions and void ratios are investigated systematically in this study. The hydraulic limit of the pendular state is also discussed. It gives the capillary cohesion function which is not only determined by the degree of saturation but also positively correlated to relative density and particle size polydispersity and inversely proportional to mean particle size. Furthermore, the capillary strengthening effect is also analysed microscopically in aid of the Stress–Force–Fabric relationship, mainly in fabric anisotropy, coordination number and stress transmission pattern, which revealed the micro-mechanisms of the additional effective stress induced by capillary effect.     

巴颜喀拉山东段及其邻区大地电磁测深成果地质解释

本文主要依据青海省囊歉至大河坝大地电磁测深成果,并结合重力资料对巴颜喀拉及南北两侧地区的壳幔结构进行了地质解释。指出了该区壳幔存在4个明显的低阻层,并简述了它们的形态特征,推断了其地质含意。认为昆中断裂带与昆南断裂带间是一个巨大的构造混杂岩带,影响深度亦很大。推断该区可能存在太古代地层。划出了8条壳幔断裂带,认为昆中断裂应是塔里木—华北板块与华南板块的分界线。     

Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of New Ln（Ⅲ ） Complexes with an Unsymmetrical Schiff Base Ligand

1Introduction SomeSchiffbasecomplexesderivedfromaminoacidsareparticularlyactiveinbiologycatalysisandmaterial.Thestudyofthemisfocusofthestudyof coordinationchemistry.Recently,studiesofsuchmetalcomplexesofmono Schiffbaseshavebeenre ported(Fanetal.,2003a,b;L…     

海岩小说的几种叙述模式及弊端

海岩的长篇小说《河流如血》再创出版高记录，但作家仍局限于特有的小说叙述模式，这部作品设能做到相应的创新。概言之，模式第一面是“刑侦＋恋爱”；模式第二面是“财子＋佳人”；模式第三面是“道德＋法制”。文学创作需要不断创新，创新的过程也是对创作模式的不断突破过程。作家应该警惕的是，不要让模式成为创作的桎梏。