钟房环境自动监测系统的研制

介绍了一种自行研制的钟房环境自动监测系统，该系统由温度、湿度、电压、烟雾等的传感器、信号调理、数据采集和报警等部分组成。长期试运行的结果表明系统达到了预期设计要求。     

The blown sand disaster to the Tarim Desert Highway in Xinjiang,China

The Tarim Desert Highway in Xinjiang, China, the longest one in the world, has a length of 562 km, about 80% of which runs across, from north to south, the Taklimakan Desert. Obviously, the main problem of the road maintenance is the blown sand disaster. The research results showed: (1) the physical environment along the desert highway is characterized by strong winds, fine and loose ground materials, different dunes and so on, which provides the dynamical condition and material source for the formation of blown sand disaster to the road and its shelter system. Meanwhile, the trend and cross-section of the road and the structure of the shelter system, as damage objects, play important roles in the formation process of blown sand disaster; (2) the blown sand disaster to the shelter system is original from the intrusion of the drift sands and mobile dunes outside the shelter system, and the wind erosion and sand deposit caused by the air stream changes on the ground in the shelter system. The main damage object in the Tarim Desert Highway is the shelter system presently. The damage forms include wind erosion, sand burying and dune covering; and (3) the damaged length of the blocking sand fences is 83.7%, 88.4%, 72.4%, 72.8% and 40.3% and the damaged area of the straw checkerboard belts is 73.1%, 58.2%, 44.5%, 35.4% and 36.6%, in turn, in 5 different landform units from north to south, and, the disasters to fences and the straw checkerboard belts are 79.5% and 57.6% in the compound dunes while they are 64.6% and 37.7% in the interdunes respectively.

     

Spectrum characteristics of major ion concentrations at Wuhan sectoin of the Changjiang Rriver

Spectrum analyses of water quality time series have been carried out for five hydrometric stations including Wuhan hydrometric station of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, etc. The fluctuations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ concentrations in river water under different physical geography conditions have about two-year cycle which is corresponding to hydrometeorological quasi-biannual-oscillation (QBO). Na⁺, Cl⁻ SO ₄ ²⁻ have about two-year cycle in the area lightly affected by human activities while two-year cycle doesn’t exist in the area heavily affected by human activities. All the fluctuations of major ions have about three-month cycle. The river diseharge fluctuation accounts for 43.9%, 45.1%, 54.3%, 33.9%, 30.3% and 42.7% of the variance of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO ₃ ⁻ , Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO ₄ ²⁻ , respectively, at Wuhan from 1962 to 1985. According to the spectrum characteristic of major ions, the duration of the time series has to be at least 13 years for trend analysis of monthly water quality data. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49671017). Biography: XIA Xing-hui(1971-), female, a native of Hunan Province, Ph. D. Her research interest includes environmental chemistry.     

南大洋氟的生物地球化学研究——Ⅰ.南极磷虾富氟异常的研究

本文通过对南极磷虾不同部位中氟含量的测定,结合氟在测区环境中的分布特征及南极磷虾体中其它元素的分析资料,讨论了氟在磷虾体内的分布和赋存形式,并对其可能的富集机理及与环境的关系作了初步的探讨。     

Morphological responses ofLimnocythere inopinata (Ostracoda) to hydrochemical environment factors

Living ostracod and hydrochemical samples were collected synchronously from more than 50 lakes and small water body in the eastern edge area of the Tibetan Plateau, Northern Tibetan, Southern Tibet and mid-Tibet. The comparison of the adult body length ofLimnocythere inopinata and hydrochemical parameters of their habitats shows that a quantitative relationship exists between the adult body length and salinity expressed as conductivity. An empirical formula to reconstruct paleosalinity is suggested first and applied to salinity reconstruction of CE-2 core from Cuoe Lake, Tibet. The method is verified by comparing its outcome with results of other environment reconstruction methods.

     

崩落法开采引起的岩层移动时效性研究

崩落法开采的金属矿山往往会伴随着一系列的地质灾害现象。为保证矿区安全生产,开展崩落法开采引起的岩层移动的时效性研究具有重要意义。以程潮铁矿西区下盘为研究对象,通过将地表10多年GPS监测数据的整理分析,并与现场破坏调查结果和工程地质条件相结合,进而探究不同分区下岩层移动的时效行为。研究结果表明：岩层移动的时效行为与其破坏过程有着密切的关系,不同分区下的岩层移动的时效行为是不同的,可分为初始变形、渐进变形、加速变形和残余变形共4个阶段,分别对应着稳定状态、临界状态、失稳状态以及采矿结束后的蠕变状态;初始变形阶段对应着岩体的初始蠕变过程,渐进变形阶段反映了岩体抵抗自身变形的过程,加速变形阶段与深部破坏面的形成和强烈的应力释放有关;崩落碎石在采矿作业停止后失去了流动空间,在岩体变形挤压下会对围岩提供支撑力进而限制了岩层移动的进一步发展;残余变形时间由岩体的蠕变特性和崩落碎石的压密过程所控制,倾倒滑移区因需要经历一个额外的碎石压密过程而导致残余变形时间更长。     

Hydraulic Conductivity from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logs in Sediments with Elevated Magnetic Susceptibilities

This study examined the application of slim-hole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools to estimate hydraulic conductivity (K_NMR) in an unconsolidated aquifer that contains a range of grain sizes (silt to gravel) and high and variable magnetic susceptibilities (MS) (10⁻⁴ to 10⁻² SI). A K calibration dataset was acquired at 1-m intervals in three fully screened wells, and compared to K_NMR estimates using the Schlumberger-Doll research (SDR) equation with published empirical constants developed from previous studies in unconsolidated sediments. While K_NMR using published constants was within an order of magnitude of K, the agreement, overprediction, or underprediction of K_NMR varied with the MS distribution in each well. An examination of the effects of MS on NMR data and site-specific empirical constants indicated that the exponent on T_2ML (n-value in the SDR equation, representing the diffusion regime) was found to have the greatest influence on K_NMR estimation accuracy, while NMR porosity did not improve the prediction of K. K_NMR was further improved by integrating an MS log into the NMR analyses. A first approach detrended T_2ML for the effects of MS prior to calculating K_NMR, and a second approach introduced an MS term into the SDR equation. Both were found to produce similar refinements of K_NMR in intervals of elevated MS. This study found that low frequency NMR logging with short echo times shows promise for sites with moderate to elevated MS levels, and recommends a workflow that examines parameter relationships and integrates MS logs into the estimation of K_NMR.     

2020年2月18日长清MS4.1地震发震构造研究

本文利用基于波形互相关的双差定位方法对2020年2月18日长清M_S4.1地震序列进行了精定位计算, 共得到33个地震事件的精定位结果。 结果显示, 地震序列主要沿NW向分布, 在水平方向上具有自NW向SE迁移, 在深度上具有由浅向深迁移的特征; 序列震源深度主要集中在2~7 km, 其中, 主震的震源深度约2.8 km。 由于长清地震序列的地震数量较少, 为了更准确地了解长清地震序列的发震构造、 探索该序列的发生和发展过程, 本文采用CAP方法反演了主震的震源机制解, 其中, 节面Ⅰ走向223°、 倾角42°、 滑动角-160°, 节面Ⅱ走向117.9°、 倾角76.8°、 滑动角-49.8°, 最佳拟合震源矩心深度约2.8 km, 矩震级M_W4.2。 结合区域构造特征分析认为, 长清M_S4.1地震的发震断裂为孝里铺断裂和东阿断裂之间发育的一条浅层次生断裂。 在ENE向区域应力场作用下, 发震断裂产生高角度正断滑动, 并伴有左旋走滑分量, 从而引发长清地震序列。     

基于实地调研的中国西南地区不同震级人员死亡数量研究

地震是造成人员死亡最严重的自然灾害之一,震后对人员死亡等灾情的快速评估是地震应急响应和救援的关键。总结经验发现,在地震前进行预评估工作是提高震后灾情快速评估精度和时效性的有效手段。通过对62次发生在我国西南地区的历史震例分析后发现,当地震震级小于4.5级时,基本不会造成人员死亡情况。本研究利用我国云南和四川部分区县的实地调研数据,发现地震人员死亡数与震级存在指数函数关系,由此构建了针对各个区县的地震人员死亡人数指数函数估算模型,并计算了回归系数。基于该模型,获得了5.0～8.0级地震人员死亡数查找表(以0.5级为间隔),用于辅助震后快速评估工作。     

2016年新疆轮台MS 5.3地震序列尾波Qc值分析

基于Sato单次散射模型,利用轮台地震台单台记录,计算并分析2016年1月14日新疆轮台M_S5.3地震及余震序列尾波Q_c值震后变化,拟合得出Q_c值随频率的变化关系为Q_c (f) =（18.0±3.19）f^1.184±0.072。结果表明,Q_c值在序列初期起伏较大,随着强震后能量的释放,Q_c值趋于平缓;低频段的Q_c值在较大余震发生前有显著变化;不同中心频率点的Q_c值变化形态不一致。对Q_c值变化特征的研究,可为地震预报提供参考依据。