江陵凹陷深层富钾卤水井内降温析盐情况探讨

江陵凹陷位于湖北省江汉盆地西南部,其赋存有高温高压深层富钾卤水,该卤水资源在开发过程中遇到的主要问题是采卤过程中的结盐堵井。不考虑压力等其它因素,只探讨单一因素温度对氯化钠溶解度的影响,资料分析显示在50～150℃之间时,温度与溶解度线性关系较好;探索了岗钾1井井内析盐规律,发现在井深为1 600～2 400 m时析盐量最大。根据此规律,建议采用注入淡水法,使井内卤水得到稀释,以达到防止结盐的目的;建议稀释到对氯化钠溶液浓度略小于28.3%,注水井深2 400 m。     

Clustering of temporal event processes

A temporal point process is a sequence of points, each representing the occurrence time of an event. Each temporal point process is related to the behavior of an entity. As a result, clustering of temporal point processes can help differentiate between entities, thereby revealing patterns of behaviors. This study proposes a hierarchical cluster method for clustering temporal point processes based on the discrete Fréchet (DF) distance. The DF cluster method is divided into four steps: (1) constructing a DF similarity matrix between temporal point processes; (2) constructing a complete linkage hierarchical tree based on the DF similarity matrix; (3) clustering the point processes with a threshold determined by locating the local maxima on the curve of the pseudo-F statistic (an index which measures the separability between clusters and the compactness in clusters); and (4) identifying inner patterns for each cluster formed by a series of dense intervals, each of which contains at least one event of all processes of the cluster. The contributions of the article are: (1) the proposed DF cluster method can cluster temporal point processes into different groups and (2) more importantly, it can identify the inner pattern of each cluster. Two synthetic data sets were created to illustrate the DF distance between temporal point process clusters (the first data set) and validate the proposed DF cluster method (the second data set), respectively. An experiment and a comparison with a method based on dynamic time warping show that DF cluster successfully identifies the preconfigured patterns in the second synthetic data set. The cluster method was then applied to a population migration history data set for the Northern Plains of the United States, revealing some interesting population migration patterns.     

全国主要构造区GPS水平运动负位错反演与应变积累特性

利用2009～2011年全国GPS水平运动速度场资料,借助负位错反演,寻找新疆、青藏块体东北缘、川滇、华北地区主要活动断裂能量积累闭锁段,研究其积累速率、闭锁深度、分区分段差异性,及与强震孕育—发生的可能关系。结果表明:(1)新疆天山地区应变积累速率最强,平均闭锁深度也最深,约20.9km。其次为川滇地区,平均深度约16.3km。青藏块体东北缘存在一定程度应变积累,平均深度约15.7km。华北地区应变积累最弱,平均深度约16.0km;(2)南天山西段、川滇交界东部、红河断裂中段至滇西、祁连山断裂带西段、西秦岭北缘断裂甘青交界段、晋冀蒙交界区近期能量积累相对显著。     

Plant Species Richness Increased Belowground Plant Biomass and Substrate Nitrogen Removal in a Constructed Wetland

The effects of plant species richness on both above‐ and belowground plant biomass, plant nitrogen (N) pool size, and substrate N concentrations were studied in a full‐scale subsurface vertical‐flow constructed wetland (CW). Results showed that (i) plant species richness increased belowground plant biomass and its N pool size but had no effect on aboveground plant biomass and its N pool size; (ii) plant species richness increased substrate N removal, especially ammonium N removal; and (iii) plant species richness had no effect on plant N use efficiency, suggesting that the N pool size increased with increasing plant species richness. More N accumulation could be removed through harvesting plant biomass. We concluded that the N removal performance of the CW improved by plant species richness through increasing belowground biomass and relevant N pool size.     

跨断层形变的慢时变结构分析与异常识别初探

将自适应控制理论引入跨断层流动形变分析。利用甘肃及与宁夏、青海交界的监测区内石灰窑口、红柳峡、窝子滩、扁都口、南营5个场地典型观测曲线,构建慢时变前兆系统结构,研究其与6级左右及6级以上地震孕育-发生过程的可能关系。可显示震前中短期阶段最大特征根模1.0以上异常,异常识别较原始观测曲线分析减少了人为性与经验性,也反映出断层形变前兆系统结构的动态变化和自适应性。     

基于神经网络的房地产估价研究

根据房地产估价的特点将人工神经网络引入到房地产价格评估领域,创建了基于神经网络的房地产估价模型,在对训练样本验证结果分析的基础上,对两种神经网络估价模型进行了对比分析,指出了两种网络各自的优缺点以及改进措施。     

新世纪俄罗斯找矿地球化学

在系统跟踪研究国内外地质期刊文献的基础上,梳理了新世纪找矿地球化学面临形势和存在的重大问题,全面总结了近十年来,俄罗斯有关找矿地球化学基础理论和方法论、区域地球化学调查方法与应用,以及地质-地球化学找矿模型的研制与应用等众多方面的思路和做法。研究认为,俄罗斯首创的多目标地球化学填图技术可有效地提高国家地质图的质量,为矿产资源量的综合评价和生态环境的评估及一系列基础问题的解决,提供详细的信息。同时,还指出俄罗斯地球化学家为解决新世纪的找矿问题,加大了技术创新,重点聚焦于提高地球化学找矿信号的衬度和强度,提高运用地质-地球化学找矿模型的效用,完善处理地球化学数据的计算技术,以实现地球化学场与地质、地球物理场的综合等,诸创新点和思路值得参考借鉴。     

天山西部季节性积雪密度及含水率的特性分析

利用Snow Fork雪特性分析仪采集积雪物理特性(积雪深度、积雪密度、体积含水率)数据,分析了天山积雪雪崩站稳定积雪期和非稳定积雪期雪物理特性的时间变化特征及其在垂直剖面上的廓线分布.结果表明: 1)稳定期积雪深度随时间缓慢减小,体积含水率垂直廓线随积雪深度变化呈单峰曲线,峰值距雪表面约33 cm,雪密度垂直廓线为中部大、积雪表层和底部较小;2) 非稳定积雪期积雪迅速沉陷,体积含水率相对于雪层温度的变化有滞后效应,滞后时间约为2 h,雪密度垂直廓线与稳定期相同.整个非稳定积雪期的日平均雪密度与日平均含水率、日平均温度均呈显著正相关.     

广东硇洲岛地下水化学演化及成因机理

地下水一直是广东硇洲岛唯一的水资源,但近年来许多地区地下水咸化趋势加剧,严峻威胁着岛上居民的用水安全,研究地下水化学演化及成因机理,对预防和减缓水质变咸意义重大。本文结合区域水文地质条件、地形地貌条件及水化学资料分析了整个岛屿地下水水质状况,在此基础上采用Piper三线图研究了水化学特征,并利用PHREEQC软件对水文地球化学演化规律进行模拟研究,结果表明:(1)海水入侵是造成地下水咸化的主要原因,咸化对水质的影响主要表现为Cl-的增加,Ca2+在区分该地区不同水体时反应灵敏,是良好的识别指标之一;(2)海水入侵的过程中,过渡带前缘不存在经受长期古海水演化而成的卤水与地下淡水的混合作用,地下水中Mg2+、Ca2+与Na+之间存在着强烈的离子交换,石膏、白云石及方解石处于不饱和状态;(3)浅层地下水与深层地下水之间无明显的水力联系,属于相对独立的地下水流系统。在全球变暖,海平面上升的总趋势下,海岛地下水开发必须合理规划、严格管理,以防引发大规模海水入侵灾害的发生。