乌兰布和沙漠晚第四纪以来环境演化研究进展

乌兰布和沙漠晚第四纪以来环境演化呈现湖泊与沙漠多次反复的更替模式,湖相层与松散风成砂层迭覆出现.湖泊发育时间段为120-90 ka、60-50 ka、40-20 ka和8-5.5 ka;沙漠扩展时间段为150-130 ka、90-60 ka、50-40 ka、20-10 ka和5.5 ka--近现代时期.由于时空尺度差...     

民乐-山丹6.1级和5.8级地震预测的分析与研究

回顾了民乐-山丹6 1、5 8级地震前,嘉峪关台利用本台的各种前兆资料异常,结合本地区的地震活动性特征,预测民乐-山丹6 1、5 8级地震的基本思路和经验教训,结果认为:只要观测人员对本手段观测资料进行深入地分析和研究,利用台站掌握第一手资料的优势来实现具有减灾实效的地震预报,是完全有可能的。     

Early Triassic Volcanic Rocks in the Western Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone: Implications for the Opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean

In this study, zircon U-Pb dating of volcanic rocks from the Zhongba ophiolite of the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) in southern Xizang (Tibet) yielded an age of 247 ± 3 Ma. According to whole rock geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data, the Early Triassic samples could be divided into two groups: Group 1 with P-MORB affinity, showing initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70253–0.70602, εNd(t) values of 4.2–5.3, (206Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 16.353–18.222, (207Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 15.454–15.564, and (208Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 35.665–38.136; Group 2 with OIB affinity, showing initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70249–0.70513, εNd(t) values of 4.4–4.9, (206Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 17.140–18.328, (207Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 15.491–15.575, and (208Pb/204Pb)t ratios of 36.051–38.247. Group 2 rocks formed by partial melting of the mantle source enriched by a former plume, and assimilated continental crustal material during melt ascension. The formation of Group 1 rocks corresponds to the mixing of OIB melts, with the same components as Group 2 and N-MORBs. The Zhongba Early Triassic rocks belong to the continental margin type ophiolite and formed in the continental–oceanic transition zone during the initial opening of the Neo-Tethys in southern Xizang (Tibet).     

Sedimentary Environment and Mineralization of the Black Shale Polymetallic Layer in the Early Cambrian, SW China: Constraints from in situ LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Pyrite

A polymetallic layer is usually developed at the bottom of the early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou Province. The mineral that makes up the polymetallic layer is related to the sedimentary facies. To analyze the differentiation mechanism between polymetallic deposits (Ni-Mo and V), the Zhijin Gezhongwu profile located in the outer shelf and the Sansui Haishan V deposit located in the lower slope are selected to study the in situ sulfur isotopes and trace elements of pyrite. The results show that δ34S values of pyrite vary widely from ?7.8 ‰ to 28 ‰ in the Gezhongwu profile, while the δ34S values are relatively uniform (from 27.8 ‰ to 38.4 ‰) in the Haishan profile. The isotopic S composition is consistent with the transition that occurs in the sedimentary phase from the shelf to the deep sea on the transgressive Yangtze platform; this indicates that the δ34SO42? values in seawater must be differently distributed in depositional environments. The sulfur in the Ni-Mo layer is produced after the mixing of seawater and hydrothermal fluid, while the V layer mainly originates from seawater. Overall, the Ni-Mo and V deposits have been differentiated primarily on the basis of the combined effect of continental weathering and hydrothermal fluid.     

广西巴马县水晶宫洞穴沉积物特征及其沉积环境

巴马县水晶宫洞内次生化学沉积物景观丰富,类型多样,有石钟乳、石幔、石瀑布、石笋、石柱、石盾等特色景观;尤其是近期仍在发育的洞顶鹅管、卷曲石、石花等是国内外较为罕见的洞穴奇景。据沉积物的沉积类型、物质成分、沉积序次及测年等资料研究表明,水晶宫洞穴沉积物形成于晚第三纪以来。晚第三纪和第四纪早更新世早期,洞内沉积主要为外源水携带的硅质岩、砂岩类砾石沉积形成的钙华砾石层。早更新世中期—中更新世气候温暖湿润,是水晶宫洞穴主要景观的形成期,沉积物景观宏大而壮观,230Th-U系测年得出其分别形成于100～35万年前。晚更新世早期12.5～9万年的末次间冰期主要为温暖气候环境,洞内仅有少量的石笋沉积,且极少保存;9万年后气候环境发生突变,更不利沉积物发育和保存;自4万年后气候环境开始表现为温暖湿润,化学沉积活跃,洞穴沉积物主要由高约50～150 cm的纯白色石笋群和钟乳石组成,为洞穴奇景的形成期,230Th-U系测年得出其分别形成于40 ka BP和7 500 a BP以及1 450 a BP。晚更新世晚期以来形成的洞穴沉积物景观,不仅为水晶宫提供了丰富的旅游资源和价值,同时也为广西重建古气候环境提供了重要的信息载体。      

内蒙古额尔古纳地区431铀矿床地质特征与流体包裹体研究

为确定额尔古纳地区铀矿特征及成因类型,选择431铀矿床,在矿床地质特征研究基础上,对与铀矿化成因关系密切的硅化石英脉进行了流体包裹体显微测温.研究结果表明,431矿床产于印支期花岗岩与新元古代额尔古纳群变质岩接触带部位,受断裂构造控制明显,围岩普遍发育硅化、绿泥石化、水云母化、高岭土化、碳酸盐化等蚀变现象,地表矿石中铀矿物主要为钙铀云母.硅化石英脉中含气液两相和含CO₂三相两种类型包裹体,对应的均一温度分别为132.2~301.5℃和322.5~408.9℃,平均值为247℃;盐度分别为12.65%~2.73%和4.04%~16.94%,平均值为8.18%;流体密度分别为0.76~0.94 g/cm³和0.60~0.78 g/cm³;成矿流体属中温、中低盐度、低密度的NaCl-H₂O-CO₂流体体系.利用相关公式估算该区铀矿的成矿深度介于0.4~1.7 km.431铀矿床属浅成中温热液矿床,成因上与花岗质岩浆作用有关.     

数字城市到智慧城市的思考与探索

首先综述构建权威、唯一、通用数字城市地理空间框架的必要性,然后详细介绍我国数字城市建设的总体思路、进展情况、发挥的作用及产生的影响。并针对时代发展、技术进步和需求变化,论述当前地理空间框架面临的全新发展机遇和挑战,以及当前存在的问题,明确指出智慧城市阶段地理空间框架的建设目标与内容,展望下一步技术突破的方向。     

1960-2011年长江流域潜在蒸发量的时空变化特征

以长江流域123个气象站1960-2011年逐日气象数据为基础, 应用Penman-Monteith模型, 在ArcGIS环境下通过IDW插值法、 TFPW-MK、 R/S等方法分析了全流域潜在蒸发量变化的时空变化、 趋势性和持续性, 并探讨了影响潜在蒸发量的主要气象因素.结果表明: 年潜在蒸发量自1960年以来至2002年呈波动减少趋势, 2003-2009年呈显著增加趋势, 整体为增加趋势; 其中, 上游高原区、 上游盆地区、 下游区年潜在蒸发量呈增加趋势, 中游区呈下降趋势, 增幅最大的是上游盆地区.四季中, 春、 夏、 秋季和年潜在蒸发量具有持续性, 未来将持续增加.最低气温、 最高气温是影响长江流域潜在蒸发量增加的主要因子.     

弥散磁共振成像研究进展

对弥散磁共振成像的核心内容——使用不同强度和方向的弥散信息对完整弥散过程进行三维建模进行介绍.首先根据模型可描述纤维数量将其分为低角度分辨率和高角度分辨率弥散磁共振成像2类,然后根据建模所用弥散采样选择方式将高角度分辨率弥散磁共振成像分为多弥散角度方向模型、多弥散强度模型和综合弥散角度方向和强度模型3类并进行介绍,并对每个具体模型分别从模型设计、模型计算和模型优缺点3个角度进行分析.     

Analysis of multi-dimensional SAR for determining the thickness of thin sea ice in the Bohai Sea

Flat thin ice (<30 cm thick) is a common ice type in the Bohai Sea, China. Ice thickness detection is important to offshore exploration and marine transport in winter. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be used to acquire sea ice data in all weather conditions, and it is a useful tool for monitoring sea ice conditions. In this paper, we combine a multi-layered sea ice electromagnetic (EM) scattering model with a sea ice thermodynamic model to assess the determination of the thickness of flat thin ice in the Bohai Sea using SAR at different frequencies, polarization, and incidence angles. Our modeling studies suggest that co-polarization backscattering coefficients and the co-polarized ratio can be used to retrieve the thickness of flat thin ice from C- and X-band SAR, while the co-polarized correlation coefficient can be used to retrieve flat thin ice thickness from L-, C-, and X-band SAR. Importantly, small or moderate incidence angles should be chosen to avoid the effect of speckle noise.